Kuna iya sa ran 'ya'yan itace da zuma, da fatan samun yanayi mai kyau da yanayi na Mother Nature, kuma zaka iya kokarin inganta su da taimakon dressings. Bugu da ƙari, matakan da za a yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu amfani da takin ya sa ya yiwu a inganta ƙasa da kuma kula da haihuwa a matakin da ake buƙata, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin jiki, da kuma karfafa haɓakar bishiyoyi.
Kuma a nan babban abu shine aiwatar da wannan tsari daidai, tun da aikace-aikacen kuskure na takin mai magani na iya zama cutarwa, ba kyau ba. Yadda za'a samar da abinci daga bishiyoyi da shrubs a farkon spring, za mu fada a cikin wannan labarin.
Yadda za'a ciyar
Kamar kowane tsire-tsire, itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da Berry bushes don ci gaban al'ada da ci gaba na buƙatar samar da kayan da ake buƙata kamar nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Nitrogen taimaka shuke-shuke girma da kuma kai 'ya'yan itace. phosphorus yana cigaba da ci gaban su kuma yana da karfi tushen tsarin; Potassium yana taimakawa ga gaskiyar cewa itatuwa sun fi dacewa su tsira da yanayin muhalli masu banƙyama, ƙara musu juriya ga cututtuka kuma suna rinjayar inganci da kuma adana 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Don takin noma iri iri (apples, pears) manyan takin mai magani ana buƙatar, maimakon bishiyoyi (plums, cherries).
Ana amfani da kwayoyin da ma'adanai kamar yadda takin mai magani. Organic abubuwa sun dace:
- taki;
- takin;
- humus;
- tsuntsaye;
- peat;
- leaf leaf, bambaro, sawdust, da dai sauransu.
- superphosphate;
- potassium sulfate;
- sulfur potassium (chloride);
- nitroammofosku;
- urea;
- ammonium nitrate.
Basic tips da dabaru
Kafin ci gaba da bayanin tsarin da lokaci na ciyar da wasu tsire-tsire, muna ba da shawarwari na musamman don yinwa takin mai magani don 'ya'yan itace da Berry bushes da itatuwa:
- Fara ciyar ya kamata a mataki na dasa. A matsayinka na mulkin, an gabatar da kwayoyin kwayar halitta a cikin rami na tuddai: peat, humus, takin. Da phosphorus da potassium da takin mai magani. An sanya potassium da hade tare da ƙasa a kasa. An gabatar da phosphorus a cikin saman rami na rami.
- Babu buƙatar shuka nitrogen lokacin dasa.
- Don ciyar da 'ya'yan itace sun fara daga shekara ta biyu na rayuwarsu. Don tsire-tsire-tsire, wannan hanya bata buƙata.
- Samun phosphate-potassium ya kamata a gabatar a cikin fall, nitrogenous - a farkon spring.
- Idan ba a yi takin ba a cikin fall, to, a cikin bazara ya kamata a ciyar da shi da takin mai magani.
- Idan kasar gona wadda bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace ke tsiro ba su da talauci, to, dole a kara kwayar halitta a jikin katako a kowace shekara. A wasu lokuta - bayan shekaru biyu ko uku.
- Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin ruwa. Ana amfani da takin mai magani na jiki a cikin bushe da kuma diluted form, dangane da shawarwarin masana'antun.
- Ana iya hade da takin mai magani tare da ma'adanai. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a ragu ƙimar su.
- Tsarin dutse suna buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa zuwa hudu, shekaru biyar.
- Ga itatuwan lambu, aikace-aikacen foliar yana yiwuwa.
- A cikin shekaru biyar na farko, takin gargajiya bai isa kawai a cikin zagaye na kusa ba; a nan gaba, ana bukatar fadada yankin.
- Duk wani taki da ake amfani da ita kawai akan ƙasa mai tsabta. Bayan an gabatar da gabatarwar su da yawa.
- Kafin ciyarwa, abin da ake buƙata shi ne ƙuƙarin ɓangaren bishiyoyi da kuma kawar da weeds.
- A matsayinka na al'ada, ciyarwa a cikin idon ruwa an yi shi biyu zuwa makonni uku kafin farkon flowering.
- Fertilizing ga 'ya'yan itace amfanin gona kai tsaye a karkashin gangar jikin ba daidai ba ne.
- Idan an yi amfani da cakuda abubuwa, to, kowannen su an shafe su a cikin karamin ruwa, sannan sai a haxa. Ana ƙara ruwa zuwa ƙarar da ake bukata.
Hanyoyin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu' ya'yan itace
Apple itatuwa
A cikin bazara, bayan tashi da kuma fita daga wurin hutawa, bishiyoyi musamman sun buƙaci taimako da kuma ciyar da abubuwa masu muhimmanci.
Hanya na farko da aka yi wa itatuwan apple a cikin bazara an yi a lokacin da yake dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan lokacin, suna buƙatar sake cike da nitrogen, wanda za'a iya amfani da ita ta amfani da nitrogen mai ma'adinai wanda ya ƙunshi takin mai magani da kwayoyin: taki, tsuntsaye da takin.
Yana da sha'awa a karanta game da irin bishiyoyin apple da ma'anar dabarun su: "Gloucester", "Semerenko", "Mafarki", "Shtreyfling", "Orlik", "Silver Hoof", "White cika", "Zhigulevskoe".
Suna yin motsawa a cikin zagaye na kusa, a nesa da 50-60 cm daga gangar jikin, a kusa da kewaye da kambi, a baya ya shafe shi da alheri. A cikin ƙasa shi ne tsagi 45-50 cm zurfi. Ba a yi amfani da takin mai magani ba a tsaye a karkashin ginin.
Na farko ciyar shine mafi alhẽri a yi kafin flowering tare da taimakon kwayoyin halitta. Bakwai uku zuwa biyar na humus, kaza mai kaza ko mullein ana kiyaye su a kusa da kututture. Har ila yau, na farko taki ya dace 500-600 g na urea, ammonium nitrate, nitroammofoska: 30-40 g
Nawa na biyu an gudanar da shi riga a tafarkin apple. A wannan lokacin, amfani da lita 10-diluted tankuna na ruwa:
- superphosphate (100 g), potassium sulfate (65-70 g);
- kaza mai kaza (1.5-2 l);
- slurry (0.5 buckets);
- urea (300 g).
Yana da muhimmanci! Takin abinci, a cikin ruwa, yana da muhimmanci a yanayin bushe. Idan an tsara shi don ruwan sama, to, za ka iya shigar da su cikin siffar bushe.Zaka iya amfani da wadannan cakuda, diluted a cikin akwati 200-lita tare da ruwa da infused a ko'ina cikin mako:
- potassium sulphate (800 g);
- superphosphate (1 kg);
- tsuntsaye tsuntsaye (5 l) ko ruwa mai ruwa (10 l), urea (500 g).
A cikin bazara, don itatuwan apple, za a buƙaci na uku - ana yin shi bayan flowering, lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka fara ƙulla. A wannan lokaci, cakuda nitroammofoski (0.5 kg), bushe potassium humate (10 g) diluted a lita 100 na ruwa ya dace. Dole ne a yi amfani da wannan bayani ta hanyar amfani: buckets uku ga kowane itace.
Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a ciyar da takin mai magani, wanda aka yi daga ciyawar ciyawa, cike da ruwa kuma an sanya shi karkashin polyethylene na kwanaki 20.
Bugu da ƙari, gandun daji na tushen, yana da kyau don ciyar da apples da hanyar foliar. An yi amfani da ita bayan kafawar ganye kuma lokacin da zai kasance kwanaki 20 bayan lokacin flowering. An yi amfani dashi a cikin nau'i na ganye, shuki da rassan. Yawancin lokaci, itatuwan apple suna cike da urea (2 tablespoons / lita 10 na ruwa), wanda ba kawai yana ciyar da itacen ba, amma yana yaki da wasu cututtuka.
Har ila yau, daga yin amfani da takin mai magani yana yiwuwa a ba da shawara don shayar da kambi tare da narkar da ash (1 kofin / 2 l na ruwan zafi). Wannan sanyaya na ruwan sanyi ya dace da apple da pear a lokacin da ake yin 'ya'yan itace. Ana iya yin amfani da spraying sau da yawa, yana daukar lokaci a cikin kwanaki 10-15.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi yawan itatuwan apple a cikin duniya - aikin aikin lambu na Jafananci Chisato Ivasagi, wanda ya girma 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma fiye da shekaru 20. Ƙwaƙwalwar apple tana da nauyin kilo 1 849 g kuma littafin Guinness Book Records ya rubuta wani apple mai nauyin kilogiram 67 g. Alain Smith ne ya tashi.
Pears
An yi taki farko a karkashin pear daga lokacin tada da kuma dusar ƙanƙara. An gabatar da su ta hanya mai juyayi don digo cikin jinsunan ruwa masu ƙarfi da ruwa, dangane da kasancewar hazo. Kamar sauran tsire-tsire, a wannan lokaci pear na bukatar maimaita sake gina jiki. Zai fi kyau idan an haɗa wannan ƙarin tareda taimakon kwayoyin halitta: mullein, slurry, droppings tsuntsaye. Korovyak da slush kawai diluted cikin ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1 zuwa 5. Wajibi ne dole ferment na da yawa kwanaki.
Hadin da ake haɗuwa a karkashin pear shi ne kamar itacen bishiya - a cikin itace, ya fita daga 50-60 cm daga gangar jikin.
Daga ma'adinai ma'adinai da shawarar amfani irin wannan nitrogen dauke da:
- ammonium nitrate (30 g / 1 sq m, diluted da ruwa 1:50);
- carbamide (80-120 g / 5 l na ruwa / 1 itace).
A cikin kayan abinci na gaba, idan kwayoyin halitta ba su samuwa, ana iya amfani da takin mai magani mai gina jiki: nitroammofosku, nitroammfos, da dai sauransu. An shafe nitroammophosk a cikin wani rabo na 1: 200 kuma ya zuba buckets uku a karkashin ganga ɗaya.
Cherries
Ana ba da shawara a lokacin da za ta kasance shekaru uku, idan ana amfani da takin mai magani don dasa shuki. Don ciyarwa a cikin bazara, a matsayin mai mulkin, kawai ana amfani da kwayar urea kawai (100-300 g kowace itace dangane da shekaru). Duk da haka, idan itace ya tsiro da talauci kuma ya ba da talauci mai kyau, ya kamata a ciyar dashi tare da gauraye taki. Saboda haka, shawarar biyan kari:
- mullein (0.5 buckets), ash (0.5 kg), ruwa (3 l);
- ƙwallon tsuntsaye na ƙura (1 kg);
- potassium sulfate (25-30 g / 1 itace).
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana bada shawara don gudanar da kowane kayan ado a cikin rashin rana ko rana.
Kayan dabbobi
Plum yana son yanayi mai mahimmanci, don haka a lokacin da ake amfani da taki lokacin da dasa shuki, ash dole ne a kasance. Hanyar farko na plums an bada shawarar da za a yi a lokacin da yake da shekaru biyu. Wannan ya zama carbamide (20 g / 1 sq. M.).
A cikin shekaru uku, ragi zai buƙaci abubuwa uku, daya daga cikinsu ya kamata a farkon watan Mayu. A wannan lokacin, amfani da 2 tablespoons na urea, diluted a cikin guga na ruwa.
Plum ne mai kyau da 'ya'yan itace mai kyau, wanda yana da wadannan biyan kuɗi: deciduous, peach plum, Sin plum, Hungary.
Daga shekara ta huɗu, plum zai riga ya zama itace mai 'ya'ya masu girma, wanda zai buƙaci gyare-gyare guda uku kuma daya daga cikin foliar: kafin flowering, bayan flowering, yayin girbin amfanin gona. Kafin a gudanar da flowering:
- Cakuda urea (2 tablespoons), potassium sulfate (2 tablespoons), diluted a lita 10 na ruwa;
- Berry taki (300 g / 10 l).
- carbamide (2 tbsp. l.), nitrophoska (3 tbsp);
- Berry Giant taki.
A cikin 'ya'yan itace mai tsabta, ana amfani da plum tare da kwayoyin halitta. Gurasar kaza da aka ƙaddara, wanda aka shafe da ruwa 1 zuwa 20, ya dace da wannan.
Noma da toka da aka ba da shawara don yin ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara zuwa uku ba.
Don plums ne mai kyau mulching na peat da takin. Har ila yau, tasirin sune takin gargajiya (koren kore), wanda ya kunshe da wadannan ganye: hatsin rai na hunturu, mustard, phacelia, da dai sauransu.
Shin kuna sani? A Ingila, ana daukar sutura a matsayin 'ya'yan sarauta, tun da Elizabeth II ta fara ranarta ta cin abinci guda biyu sannan sai kawai fara cin abinci. Ta ci wani iri-iri da ke girma a cikin lambun sarauta, - "Brompcon"Gaskiyar ita ce, likitoci sun shawarce ka don ƙara yawan nau'in gurbi zuwa ga abincin yau da kullum don inganta narkewa da kuma inganta aiki na tsarin mai juyayi. Bugu da ƙari, magudana yana da kyakkyawar aiki tare da rage yawan cholesterol.
Apricots
Ana ciyar da apricot daga shekara ta biyu na rayuwa. Har zuwa shekaru huɗu ko biyar, daɗin yayyafa ko yayyafa, amma ba kusa da ganga ba. A nan gaba, yayin da tushen tsarin ke tsiro, yankin don ƙara kari ya ƙaru da rabin mita kowace shekara.
Mafi mashahuri ga apricot a lokacin da kuma bayan flowering ana dauke su biyayyun ciyarwa:
- Humus (taki) (4 kg), nitrogen (6 g), phosphorus (5 g), potassium (8 g) na 1 sq km. m;
- takin (5-6 kg / 1 sq m);
- tsuntsaye na tsuntsaye (300 g / 1 sq. m);
- urea (2 tbsp) l / 10 l).
Fruit shrubs
Ciyar da 'ya'yan itace bushes (raspberries, currants, blackberries, da dai sauransu.) A cikin bazara mafi kyau da wadannan abubuwa:
- ammonium nitrate (25-30 g / 1 sq m);
- ammonium sulfate (40-50 g / 1 sq. m.).
A karkashin tushen sa:
- diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, urea (3 tbsp (l.) da ash (rabin kofin);
- taki (guga 1) da gishiri.
A watan Mayu, dressing foliar zai zama taimako. Spraying tare da potassium sulphate da superphosphate, manganese sulphate da boric acid da ake amfani dasu.
Ana nuna yawan amfanin gona a cikin tsire-tsire da aka zuga da potassium permanganate (5-10 g), acid boric (2-3 g), jan karfe sulphate (30-40 g) narkar da ruwa (10 l).
Gabatar da kayan da ake buƙata yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci a kula da kowane tsire-tsire. Duk da haka, dole ne a tuna cewa duk wani nau'in abu da halayen su na iya zama mummunar damuwa ga bishiyoyi, shrubs da albarkatu, kuma haifar da ci gaba da cututtuka da kuma mamayewa.
Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa abinci mai gina jiki yana daidaita kuma ana gudanar da shi ne kawai idan an buƙata shi sosai don tsire-tsire da ƙasa, da kuma yawan adadin da aka ba da shawarar ga wannan al'ada.
