Ƙaunar mutum ga dawakai ta koma dubban shekaru. Wannan dabba ya kasance mataimakinsa na farko: a cikin aiki, a cikin yaƙi da kuma hutawa. Yanzu a duniyar akwai samari fiye da 400. Wani wuri na musamman a cikinsu yana shagaltar da dawakan dawakai. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin tseren dawakai na ci gaba da bazuwa, kuma kowane sabon ƙarni ya gano kyakkyawa da alheri na doki mai gudu. Bugu da ƙari, sha'awar dawakai a duniya yana ci gaba da girma: wani yana da sha'awar su kawai ga ruhu, wani ya samu, yana yin fare a kan jinsi, kuma wani - ya tara dawakai mai daɗi.
Shin kuna sani? Dakin tsada mafi tsada shi ne Shareef Dance (kyakkyawan kyan zuma) wanda aka sayar a 1983 don dala miliyan 40 a Amurka.
Turanci na racing (thoroughbred doki)
Babban dalilin dalili a Ingila na karni na XVII - XVIII. Irin nauyin tseren Ingilishi ya zama yakin. An maye gurbin mayaƙan kaya a cikin makamai da makamai masu kama da makamai masu dauke da takobi da pistols. Maimakon mahayan dawakai masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi, amma ana buƙatar dabbobi da sauri. A dalilin tushen kiwo da aka yi amfani da dawakai na sarakunan sarauta: hamsin 50 (daga Hungary da Spain) da kuma doki 200 (dawakai na gabas). Taswirai uku sun sami shahararrun mutanen da suka saba da su:
- Turk Biyerlei (mai suna ga kyaftin din wanda ya doke doki daga Turks a yakin Budapest), ya zo Ingila a shekara ta 1683;
- Darley Arabian (ya kawo 1704 daga Siriya) - 'ya'yansa suna da muhimmiyar rawa a wajen kiwon dabbobi masu tsarki;
- Allaholfin Barb (daga Yemen ya zo Tunisiya, aka kawo shi Faransa a matsayin kyauta ga sarki, an yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai ruwa kuma mai saye da Count Gedolfin a 1730), ya ba da zuriya mai mahimmanci - a cikin 1850 daya daga cikin zuriyarsa ya kasance a kowane harshe na Ingila.
Shin kuna sani? Rikicin hawa - da sauri tseren doki irin. Babu wani doki da zai iya kasancewa tare da su. Kundin rikodi na ainihi ne na ɗakin da ake kira Matafiya - 69.69 km / h.Hanyoyin da ke waje sune siffofin irin su: jiki mai rauni da ƙarfin jiki, kwakwalwar muscular na fata, ƙananan ƙasusuwa, fata mai laushi mai kwakwalwa, kirji ƙuntatawa, ɗakunan kafa na "hock", kafafu sun bushe da tsawo, tare da ƙananan hafsoshin kaya. Shugaban ya bushe, tare da dogon lokaci da manyan idanu, wuyansa daidai ne kuma na bakin ciki. Za a iya karɓar girma daga bambanci daga 1.42 m zuwa 1.72 m. Mafi rare - baƙar fata, da wuya - launin toka.
Rundun dawakai masu tsabta suna da bambanci daga wasu nau'in da yawa daga haske da girman girman zuciya. Wannan suna da alhakin kwayoyin halitta na Eclipse stallion. Mutane da yawa masu kiwon doki sunyi imani da cewa shi ne daidai saboda wannan cewa racers na Turanci ba su iya samun nasara a gudun.
Dawakai masu tsabta suna nuna bambanci da ƙarfin hali, halin kirki, saurin karfin. Wadannan dawakai suna shirye su ba da mafi kyawun abin da suka fi dacewa, suna ba da sha'awa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Jirgin doki da yawa ya taka rawar gani a cikin wasanni masu tsalle, wanda aka bayyana ta rashin daidaituwa a cikin irin.
Larabci sosaibred
Arabiya hawa doki sosai ganewa. Ya kamata ku dube shi a kalla sau ɗaya kuma za ku tuna da shi har abada. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dutsen tsere, wanda ya bayyana a ƙarni na IV-VII. Daga cikin kakanta shi ne Akhal-Teke, Parthian da dawakai na Arewacin Afirka. Harshen Islama da farkon farautar Larabawan sun ci gaba da gudanar da zaɓen zabi - ba kawai Bagadaza ba, amma kuma azumi ne, maras jin tsoro da doki mai mahimmanci don samun nasara a yaki. Babban mahimmancin dukiyar da aka samu a cikin mutanen Bedouin shi ne rukuni na Larabawa: yawancin dabbobin da suke da shi, mafi girma shi ne matsayinsa. A cikin yakin, sojojin Larabawa sun kula da dawakansu fiye da yadda suka yi game da kansu: sun ciyar da su tare da sha'ir, kwanakin, kuma suka ajiye su cikin alfarwansu.
A Turai, an kama ragamar Larabawa a lokacin da aka yi wa masanan.
A waje daga cikin dawakan Larabawa sun ɗauki burin ƙasashen Larabawa: ƙananan tsawo (1.4-1.57 m), matsakaiciyar jiki, kundin tsarin mulki ya bushe, kansa yana da ƙananan, tare da manyan baki baki, goshinsa yana da faɗi, gada na hanci dan kadan ne, kuma hawan hanyoyi . Wuyansa yana da lanƙwasa, kafafu suna da tsawo. Rigun da take da cikakkiyar samfurin (tushen) yana tashi a yayin yayin yana gudana (wannan yana daya daga siffofin rarrabe). Sauran siffofi sun kasance kasancewar kamfanoni 17 kawai (a cikin wasu dabbobi akwai 18) da kuma karamin ƙwayar katako.
Har ila yau yana da sha'awa a karanta game da kwayoyi da ake amfani dashi a magani na dabbobi: Enrofloxacin, Nitox Forte, Baytril, Biovit-80, E-selenium, Amprolium, da Nitoks 200.Masana sun gano jinsunan tsabta guda uku na waje da guda biyu:
- Coheilan. Yana da shahara ga ƙarfinsa, jimiri mai kyau. Babban racers. Jigon, don mafi yawancin, yana da gogewa da bay.
- Siglavi. Ƙarin maƙalafan nau'in kaddarorin, m, tsayi, suna da kundin tsarin mulki, ƙananan halayen jinsi. Launi yawanci launin toka.
- Hadban. Kalmomin da ba a san su ba. Ya fi girma a girman da sturdier.
- Cohelan-siglavi, siglavi-habdan - hada siffofin daban-daban.
Ƙarancin launin toka mafi kyau (a cikin daban-daban, ciki har da "buckwheat" ko speckled). Mafi wuya - roan (sabino), bay, fari, ja. Abinda ya fi komai abu ne baƙar fata da na azurfa-bay.
Bayar da gudunmawar sauri a kan tsaunuka masu tsabta, Wannan nau'in yana da halaye mafi daidaita: don kwanaki 6-7, dabba zai iya rinjayar mita 100 ko fiye na hanya, da kuma jure zafi. Zuwan rai ya wuce shekaru 30. Horses suna da lafiyar lafiya, da wuya ba su da lafiya, ba su da yawa zuriya. Jin zafi ya fi sauƙi, mai sauƙi don saduwa da, yana iya zuwa horo da ilmantarwa.
Shin kuna sani? Bayyanar dawakai na Larabawa da suka hada da musulunci tare da Muhammadu. A kan hanya daga Makka zuwa Madina, Annabi ya sadu da kyawawan mares. Da yake ganin kogin a kan hanya, duk dawakai suka gudu zuwa ruwa, sai dai biyar mafi kyau. Sun ba da hankalin Larabawa.
Kodayake shekaru da yawa, manyan masu sayar da dawakai na Arabiya sun kasance Arabiya, Siriya, Misira, Turkiyya, a yau cibiyar kiwon su ta koma Turai, Amurka, Australia. Sojan larabawa a yau suna daga cikin shahararrun mutane a duniya.
Amfanin tattalin arziki na waɗannan dawakai ya ragu. A yau, muhimmancin su shine wasanni (ragowar jigilar, raguwa, tsalle), yawon shakatawa na wasanni, wasanni da nunawa, hippotherapy, da dai sauransu.
Bai yi hasara ba tun daga zamanin d ¯ a, ana yin zabin, saboda jinin dawakan Larabawa na iya inganta nauyin wasu dawakai.
Yana da muhimmanci! Larabawa, Akhal-Teke, da Thoroughbred Riding - waɗannan su ne guda uku masu tsarki, bred ba tare da shiga cikin kasashen waje ba.
Akhal-Teke
Akhal-Teke ko Akhalteke - Rundun doki na gabashin wanda ya bayyana a cikin karni na 3 BC a tsakiyar Asia a cikin Ahal oasis. Wadannan dabbobi suna cin abinci a cikin mulkin Parthia, a Farisa. Da yawa daga cikin kwamandojin sun ji daɗin girman halayen Akhal-Teke, amma sun gudanar da kiyaye adalcin nau'ikan kawai a cikin Turkmenistan - dawakan dawakan da aka yi wa gumaka. Mai shi ya ba da abinci tare da gurasar doki.
Shin kuna sani? Marco Polo ya shaida cewa dutsen Alexander Macedon, Bucephalus, mafi kyaun doki, shine Akhal-Teke. Babban kwamandan ya kafa birnin ya girmama shi (yanzu shine birnin Jalalpur a Pakistan).
Daga waje Akhal-Teke tarihi ya kafa a cikin hamada mai zafi. Dawakai na irin wannan nauyin sunyi tsayi, amma tsayi (daga 1.55 zuwa 1.63 m). Da baya da ƙafafu suna da tsawo, an saukar da croup kadan. Shugaban yana karami ne, mai mahimmanci da idon almond. Kunnuwa - motsi da dogon lokaci. Bayanan martaba na dan kadan. Wuyansa yana da tsawo da kuma bakin ciki. Ƙawancen ƙananan ƙananan ne. Hanyoyi masu rarraba sun haɗa da:
- Manya da wutsiya da yawa (manne na iya zama babu cikakke);
- na fata fata (jini ne translucent);
- Halin gashin yana da satin sheen ("ebb" na zinariya);
- musamman gaits (ci gaba a cikin yanayin dunes dunes). Mataki, trot da canter suna da babban ƙarfi, ƙungiyoyi suna yin sulhu.
Halin Akhal-tekins yana da kyau, yanayin shine choleric. Horses suna da damuwa, girman kai da masu zaman kansu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Akhal-Teke yana buƙatar mahimmanci na musamman ga juna, tuntuɓi mai mahimmanci tare da mai shi: suna da alaƙa da wani mutum (kamar karnuka), kada ka haɗa da sauran mutane kuma kada ka yarda da canjin mai shi (ana kiran su dawakai na wannan mai shi).
Ana amfani da dawakai na Akhal-Teke don hawa, a wasanni na wasanni (doki-doki, nesa), a cikin falconry. Mafi kyawun tsari an samo ta shekaru 4-6. Yi haƙuri da zafi, tauri.Mafi girma yawan doki na Akhal-Teke dawakai suna cikin Turkmenistan, Rasha, Turai da Amurka.
Budennovskaya
Ranar ranar haihuwar wannan nau'in ita ce 11/15/1948. A wannan rana an bayar da umurnin musamman na majalisar ministoci na USSR a kan fahimtar irin, wanda ake kira bayan Budenny. An fara farkon zaɓin a cikin shekarun 1920, a karkashin kulawar Marshal na sojan doki S. Budenny. Dole ne ya halicci dawakai na "soja" na musamman. Mares na Don nau'i na dawakai daji a Rasha da kuma tsabtataccen doki a matsayin tushen. Lokacin da bukatar sojan doki ya ɓace, waɗannan dawakai da kyawawan halaye sun fara amfani dasu a wasanni na wasanni (racing, triathlon, tsalle, da sauransu).
A waje na Budennovsky dawakai na samar da karuwa daga 1.6 zuwa 1.8 m da na iya samun nau'i uku don tsarin jiki:
- masu karfi (tare da karfi tsarin mulki, ci gaba da tsokoki da kasusuwa);
- halayyar (hada haɗuwa da bushewa, dabbobi suna da kara);
- Gabas (Tsarin mulki mai sauƙi, siffofin siffofi masu yawa, dabbobi suna da jimiri, amma mafi mahimmanci da haɓaka).
Launi yana lalacewa da yawan tabarau na jan (tare da sheen zinariya).
Shugaban ya bushe, yana da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, ya dace. Back da croup - tsawo, iko. Ƙarƙashin ƙarfafa kayan aiki.
Abincin da aka tanada da dawakai shi ne mafi muhimmanci, abincin su shine: masara, rzhu, sorghum, fescue, sha'ir, alkama da hay.
Babban nau'in halayen: aiki, ƙarfin, jimrewa, kyakkyawan bayanai na tsere, kyakkyawa.Cibiyoyin kiwo ne a cikin yankin Rostov na Rasha - Tudina na noma (a yanzu Yulovsky), Sojojin Cavalry na farko da su. Budyonny.
Hanover
Hanover irin bred a Jamus (Lower Saxony). Na farko da aka ambace shi yana faruwa a cikin karni na 13. (Poitiers Carl Martell ya dakatar da mamaye Larabawa). Dawakai sun shahara saboda ikonsu da karfi (suna da makamai da makamai a makamai). Kurfüst na Saxony George I a cikin karni na XVIII an kawo shi don jinyar jinin dawakai daga Spain, Ingila, dawakai Larabawa. Bayan yakin Napoleon, wani sabon mataki na kyautatawa na 'yan Buddha suka fara - raye-raye tare da ragamar tsere (tsabtace doki, trakehner, Arab). Daga ƙarshe, an kafa zuriyar Hanzari a tsakiyar karni na ashirin. Wadannan dawakai da matsakaicin matsakaici, tsalle-tsalle da karfi da yawa sune dacewa don wasanni na wasanni (tsalle, triathlon, dressage).
Hakan na zamani na Hannover suna da kama da tsabta dawakai masu tsabta, amma sun bambanta da tsayi (har zuwa 1.7 m), jiki mai cike da tsokoki, da kuma wuyansa. Shugaban yana da girman matsakaici. Launi shi ne mafi bambancin, mafi yawancin masarauta, amma sau da yawa an sami siffofin fari.
Horses na Hanover nau'in halayen daidaitattun, daidaituwa.
Ayyukan ƙwarewa sun haɗa da gwajin gwajin gwaji guda-rana (yanayin, wasan kwaikwayon, tsalle-tsalle da sauran halayen da aka kiyasta).
Don
A Don iri aka bred a lokacin XVIII-XIX ƙarni a kan Don ta Local Cossacks. Don dawakai sune mafita ga aikin gona da yaki. A cikin zaɓin da aka yi amfani da dawakai na kofi (Karabakh, Persian, Arab), wanda sojoji suka jagoranci daga cikin yakin. A cikin 1910, aka ba dawakan Don kayayyakin mallakar Rasha.
Don doki ne mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin ladabi ga wasu nau'ukan tsere (Akhal-teke, Turanci, da dai sauransu), amma a cikin haƙuri da sauƙi ba ta da daidai (kowace rana zai iya zuwa 100 zuwa 300 km).
Shin kuna sani? A lokacin yakin, Birtaniya tare da drills (1898-1902) a Afirka ta Kudu, dukan doki Ingila sun fadi, yayin da doki Don (200) na Janar Faransanci ya tsira kuma yayi aiki.
A lokacin yakin basasa, wannan nau'in kusan ya ɓace, kuma farkawa ya faru a cikin shekarun 1920 da 30s na karni na karshe.
Hanyoyin waje sun kasance suna da kullun da iko na tsawo, tsayi (har zuwa 1.7 m). Shugaban yana da matsakaici a girman, idanu da yawa. Long neck arcs. Chest da croup - fadi, mai karfi, kuma dogon kafafu suna da kyawawan hawaye. Tsarin mulki yana da karfi. Launi yana mamaye ja (tare da sheen zinariya). Abinda ya dace.A yau, ana amfani da dawakai a aikin noma, a horar da doki, a cikin abubuwan wasanni.
Kabardian
Kabardian irin an kafa fiye da shekaru 300 da suka gabata a Arewacin Caucasus. Don amfaninta, ana amfani da dawakai masu amfani da su, da Larabawa, Karabakh da Persian da Akhaltekins. Kowace shekara dawakai suna cin naman shanu. A lokacin rani - a cikin duwatsu (a kan Alpine Meadows), sun yi nasara a cikin tuddai. Wannan nau'in yana jin dadi sosai a kan hanyoyi masu tudu da tsaka-tsalle, a karkashin mai doki ko a cikin kayan aiki.
Girman matsakaici - daga 1.47 zuwa 1.59 m. A waje yana da siffofin da ke ciki: babban shugaban yana da martabar ƙugiya, tsarin mulki yana da karfi: gajeren gajeren baya, kirji mai fadi ne, ƙafafun kafafu da ƙaho mai ƙarfi kamar siffar da aka juya. Yawan launi shine duhu. Manya da wutsiya suna da haske sosai.
A cikin Kabardian racers, manyan, gabas da kuma masu yawa iri ne bambanta.
Jin zafi yana da kyau, dawakai da sauri a yi amfani dashi ga mutane, daidai da biyayya.
Wannan doki mai dadi ya dace da hawa da sauka a cikin yanayin tsauni, don motsi a kan dutsen. A lokacin da rana zai iya tafiya zuwa 100 km da kuma ɗauke da 150 kg na kaya.
Irin waɗannan dabbobi da wuya a yi rashin lafiya, da lafiya da haihuwa.
Shahararren dawakai na Kabardian ke tsiro: a Faransa, Bavaria, Amurka da wasu ƙasashe, ƙungiyar Kabardian doki masoya suna aiki.
Yana da muhimmanci! "Zubar da jini" a cikin hijirar kasashen waje wanda ake kira rabi-hamsin jini, wanda aka zub da su ta hanyar jingina jini na "tsabta" na dawakai na musamman. A nan gaba, suna buƙatar ci gaba (ba kasa da ƙarni 4-5 ba), jinin jini mai tsarki. "Cold-blooded" su ne ƙananan gida na dawakai waɗanda ba su taɓa shafan jini ba.
Terskaya
A asalin tsirrai Terek wani abu ne, a cikin yankin Luhansk a karni na 19 - Streletskaya. Amma a lokacin yakin basasa, asarar dabbobi sun kasance mai girma da cewa wannan nau'in ba shi da damar sake dawowa.
A shekara ta 1925, aikin noma ya fara ne tare da samfurin samfurori na kabilar Streltsy (ciki har da Cylinder, dokin Admiral Wrangel, wanda aka kama a Crimea), da Don, Larabawa da Kabardian. A shekara ta 1948, tsirrai na Terek ya wallafa wata sabuwar sabuwar - Terek.Hanyoyin waje suna cikin hanyoyi da dama kamar dawakai na Larabawa: girma yana da ƙasa da ƙasa (daga 1.5 zuwa 1.53 m), tsarin mulki yana da murya, kuma ya bushe. Koma da croup suna da faɗi, kafafu suna da karfi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana da bayanin ɗan kwasfaccen ɗan kwalliya da kuma wasu kunnuwan kunnuwa. Manna yana da haske da taushi.
Nau'ikan dawakai guda uku sun bambanta:
- Yanayi;
- ƙananan ƙafa (hawa, rassan jigilar);
- lokacin farin ciki (girman girmansa).
Hanyoyin waje sun kasance suna da kullun da iko na tsawo, tsayi (har zuwa 1.7 m). Shugaban yana da matsakaici a girman, idanu da yawa. Long neck arcs. Chest da croup - fadi, mai karfi, kuma dogon kafafu suna da kyawawan hawaye. Tsarin mulki yana da karfi. Launi yana mamaye ja (tare da sheen zinariya). Abinda ya dace.
A shekara ta 1925, aikin noma ya fara ne tare da samfurin samfurori na kabilar Streltsy (ciki har da Cylinder, dokin Admiral Wrangel, wanda aka kama a Crimea), da Don, Larabawa da Kabardian. A shekara ta 1948, tsirrai na Terek ya wallafa wata sabuwar sabuwar - Terek.
Girma yana zaman lafiya, daidaitacce. Horses suna da kyau ga horo, da wuya, da lafiya mai kyau, suna halin da tsawon lokaci da fecundity.
Yawancin dawakai na Tekran suna cin abinci ne a ɗakin Stavropol.
Trakenenskaya
Trakehner doki ya fito a Prussia, yana nufin abin da ake kira. dawakai masu jin zafi. Teutonic Knights ya fara haifar da wannan nau'in (an ba su ƙasar a nan kuma sun kawo kwalliyar gabashin Falasdinu). An haifi haihuwar a cikin shekara ta 1732, lokacin da aka bude Royal Trakehner dakin doki a Prussia kuma an saya fiye da dubu Larabawa, Turanci da Danish. Makasudin shine daya - don ƙirƙirar duniyar doki don sojojin da kuma nobility.
A karni na ashirin, abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a doki Trakene dawaki sun canza - sun fara samo asali a matsayin nau'in wasanni. Иппологи-селекционеры, добавив в кровь коней тракененской породы, кровь самых лучших пород лошадей для верховой езды, смогли создать такую лошадь, которая прославилась на многих международных соревнованиях.
Shin kuna sani? На олимпиаде 1936 года тракененские кони принесли немецкой команде все золотые награды по конным видам спорта.
В 1945 г. всех тракененских лошадей вывезли на конезавод им. Кирова на Дон. Из-за перемены климата, неграмотного содержания, болезней многие кони погибли. Ya mayar da jinsi har zuwa shekarar 1974 ("Rikicin Rasha").
Girman girma ya kai kimanin 1.68 m. Alamun manyan alamu sune jiki mai karfi, tsaka-tsalle, kafafu mai karfi da kayan ci gaba da manyan kullun. Mahimmin kai yana da cikakkiyar siffar cikakkiyar siffar.
Daukaka cikakken jimiri (sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin triathlon, masu tsalle-tsalle), ƙarfin hali. Kada ku ji tsoro da sauti da sauti.
Har ila yau, ya bambanta waɗannan dabbobi tare da rudani a kowane matsala, wani mataki mai sauƙi da sauƙi.
Wadanda suka fi dacewa suna ja, baki da baki.
Ukrainian doki
Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin matakan dawakan da ke cikin karusai, wanda ya bayyana a shekarar 1990. An fara wannan tsari na tsawon lokaci, wanda ya fara bayan yakin duniya na biyu: yawancin gonaki (Alexandria, Dnepropetrovsk, Derkulsky, Yagolnitsky, da sauransu), a kan shirin S. Budenny, suka kawo doki daga Hungary (Mezohediesh factory), da Hanover, Traken da kuma wasu (duka shahararrun 11).
Hanyoyin waje sun haɗu da mafi kyawun siffofi na asalin dutsen: tsayi (har zuwa 1.68 m), ƙarfin kundin tsarin mulki da kasusuwa, bushewa, kundin tsarin jituwa, kwakwalwan baya, kirji da croup.
Horses na Ukrainian hawa irin bambanta yanayin jin dadi, makamashi, daidaitawa. Su ne masu ruhu da kuma motsa jiki, suna da halayen wasanni masu kyau.
