Aquilegia yana da furanni masu siffar sabon abu. Sun yi fure cikin rago mai launin launuka masu yawa akan daji lokacin da akwai karancin sauran tsire-tsire na fure a gonar. Wannan herbaceous perennial nasa ne a cikin iyali Ranunculaceae. A cikin yanayin muhalli, ana iya samunsa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau da keɓaɓɓe na Arewacin Hemisphere. Mutanen sun kuma san shuka a ƙarƙashin sunayen "gaggafa", "takalmin Elf" da "kamawa". Thean shayarwa sun so shi sosai sosai har suka samar da nau'ikan kayan ado da launuka iri-iri. Wannan yana baka damar ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan fure mai fure da gaske a kowane lambu. Sanin ainihin asirin barin, ba abu bane mai wahala koyaushe don samar da fure na yau da kullun.
Bayanin Botanical
Aquilegia shine herbaceous perennial. Yana da rhizome mai laushi, wanda ya ƙunshi hanyoyin da aka tsara da igiyar. Yana girma sosai a fili kuma cikin ƙasa. Saboda tsarin fasalulluka na tushen saurin, ba za a iya dasa tsiran daji ba. Tsawon tsirrai mai fure shine cm 50-80. A gindinsa akwai mai daurin ganye da ganye. Leavesasan ganyayyaki suna da dogayen petioles da kuma fararen shimfiɗar ganye biyu ko sau uku tare da ɗakunan zagaye. Tsawon ganye ya zama 5 cm ne kuma faɗin faɗin ya cika cm 2-3. An rufe ganyayyaki masu duhu mai duhu da ruwan hoda, don haka ruwan ba ya sanyaya su, amma suna tattarawa cikin manyan saukad da su. Ganyayyaki mai tushe suna da siffar sau uku kuma zauna a kan ɗayan harbe.
A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, lokacin farin ciki na ganye mai ganye yana ganye sama da kasa. Su kan kasance har cikin hunturu a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara, amma sun mutu a lokacin bazara. Yaran ganye suna maye gurbin su, kuma tsararrakin furanni ya girma daga tsakiyar labulen. Karamin mai laushi ba safai ake rufe shi da lanceolate ba, ganye ukun. A ƙarshen kowane harbi, fure guda mai fure mai fure. A kan shuka daya zasu iya zama har guda 12. A buds bude bi da bi daga farkon Yuni. Kowane fure yana zaune tsawon mako guda, sa'ilin kuma ya maye gurbinsa da ta gaba.
Furen kamawa ya ƙunshi fure mai fasali guda biyar, a bayan waɗancan ƙananan ursan wasan ne. An yiwa gefen Corolla ado da bractin lanceolate tare da nuna gefuna. Sau da yawa, ana yin fentin furanni da takalmin gyaran fuska a sabanin sautunan, wanda ke sa fure ta fi kyau kyau. Launi na Corollas na iya zama fari, launin rawaya, ruwan hoda, mulufi, Lilac, rasberi, shuɗi da baki-violet. A tsakiyar babban yanki ne cike da yadudduka coveredan kan gado.
Bayan pollination na furanni, an samar da 'ya'yan itace - ganye mai ganye tare da ƙananan baƙar fata. Suna riƙe da iyawa don shekaru 1-2. Yana da mahimmanci a hankali, saboda tsaba na aquilegia masu guba ne.
Tsarin iri
A cikin halittar aquilegia, an yi wa rajista jinsunan 102 rajista.
Aquilegia (kamawa) Siberian. Ana amfani da shuka a cikin maganin gargajiya azaman tonic da choleretic wakili. Madaidaiciya, kusan karar ƙwaya ke tsiro 25-70 cm ba tsayi. A gindi akwai duhu mai duhu. Manyan furanni na lilac-violet ko shuɗi masu launin shuɗi sun isa diamita na 5-10 cm. Petals suna ƙare tare da lokacin farin ciki mai kusan cm 2. Fulawa yana faruwa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba.
Aquilegia ne matasan. Iri-iri na hada da yawa masu hade da juna. Tsawonsu na iya zama 50-100 cm. Manyan furanni suna da launi mai haske. Yawancin su sun hada da Spurs. Popular iri:
- Aquilegia Barlow baƙar fata - wata shuka 60-80 cm tsayi an rufe shi da furanni masu duhu mai duhu, kusan ba tare da spurs ba;
- Winky - karamin shuka tare da m basalte Rosy na ganye da m inflorescences a kan dogon, madaidaiciya peduncles;
- Tauraruwa - a wani daji mai nauyin 60-80 cm, furanni ya tashi 10 cm a diamita tare da shuɗi, ja, shuɗi, farar fata ko furanni masu ruwan hoda da kuma fitila mai haske;
- Hasumiya - mai shuka mai fure biyu, mai fure-fure;
- Biedermeier - bushes 25-30 cm tsayi sun dace da narkar da tukunya, furanni masu ƙwaya tare da nunin 3-5 cm fure a saman su;
- Zoo ya kasance mai dwarf iri-iri na 10-15 cm mai tsayi wanda yake farawa da farashi mai launi.
Aquilegia vulgaris. Itatuwa, da ke yaduwa a Turai, ya girma zuwa 30-70 cm. Sau biyu ganyen petiolate ganye ana ginin a gindi kuma da wuya a cikin tushe. Furanni masu launin shuɗi, ruwan hoda da shunayya masu launin shuɗi suna girma a farkon damina. Suna 4-5 cm a diamita kuma suna da lokacin farin ciki tare da ƙugiya. Tsarin ya iya jure hunturu har zuwa-35 ° C.
Kazan Terry. Wannan nau'in an danganta shi ta hanyar wucin gadi kuma an bambanta shi da kyawawan furanni da kyawawan furanni. A harbe har zuwa 100 cm tsayi, akwai kafaɗa guda ko madaidaicin drooping. A cikin furanni tare da diamita na har zuwa 10 cm, an shirya furanni masu kunkuntar a cikin layuka da yawa. Yawancin lokaci launinsu suna canzawa daga baki zuwa tushe.
Noma
Tsarin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine mafi sauƙi da inganci. Don tattara tsaba, har yanzu ba a cikakke ba, ganye a fara girma ana yanka a bushe a cikin ɗakin. Lokacin da aka matse kan 'ya'yan itace cikakke, nan da nan tsaba suka zube cikin kwano. Yana da kyau a shuka su nan da nan, kafin hunturu a buɗe ƙasa. Idan kuna buƙatar shuka shuka aquilegia a cikin bazara, to, ana adana tsaba a cikin jakar takarda a cikin firiji ko wani wuri mai sanyi. Autumn seedlings sprout tare da haɓaka mafi kyau. An rarraba mafi ƙarancin tsaba a cikin ramuka zuwa zurfin 1-1.5 cm. Ana kiyaye nesa tsakanin 5-10 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire matasa, kuma samfuran manya suna buƙatar kusan 40 cm na sarari kyauta.
Kafin bazara ta shuka, dole ne a sa ƙwayar tsaba. An haɗu da su tare da karamin yashi ko yashi peaty kuma an ajiye su tsawon wata a zazzabi 0 ... + 5 ° C. Ana iya cimma wannan a cikin firiji, ko a baranda mai sanyi, rufe tukunyar tare da filayen dusar ƙanƙara. Bayan an sanya shara, an tura kwanon zuwa dakin dumi kuma sati daya daga baya aquilegia zai farantawa farkon harbe. Ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire tare da kulawa sosai. Tare da stagnation na ruwa, naman gwari na iya lalata duk tsire-tsire. Lokacin da ganyayyaki 3 na gaske suka yi girma akan tsire-tsire, an daɗaɗa shi cikin tukwane daban. A ƙarshen Mayu, an dasa aquilegia a cikin ƙasa a buɗe. Lokacin dasawa, yana da mahimmanci don ajiye tataccen alkama, in ba haka ba ganimar zai mutu ko zaiyi jinya na dogon lokaci. Ana sa ran hura mai zuwa shekara mai zuwa bayan dasawa.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
Don adana nau'ikan halaye na nau'ikan da ke da mahimmanci, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin aquilegia ta hanyar rarraba daji ko dasa tushen. Wadannan hanyoyin ba su da tasiri kamar shuka iri, kuma suna buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa.
An raba busassun a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen kaka. Da farko kuna buƙatar tono babban shuka tare da babban dunƙule na duniya. Ruwan rhizome an yi shi cikin ruwa ya 'yanto ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye ƙananan asalinsu. Bayan haka, an yanke tushen zuwa sassa da yawa. Kowane rabo ya kasance yana da kodan 2-3. Yankin yanki yana yayyafa shi da murhun gawayi ana shuka tsire a cikin sabon wuri. Ramin yakamata ya zama mai zurfi, ƙasa kuma ta kasance sako-sako, sannan rhizome zai dace daidai.
A cikin bazara, zaku iya yadu da aquilegia tare da cuttings. Don yin wannan, yanke harbe tare da ganye 2-3. Ana yin Rooting a cikin yashi rigar, a karkashin kaho. Kafin dasa, ana kula da yanki da tushe. Wajibi ne a bar iska ta zama yau da kullun tare da fesa kasar gona da ruwa. Rooting yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda.
Dokokin Kulawa
Duk da irin kwarin gwiwar aquilegia, ba cikakke bane. Kula da ita a gonar ko a gida abu ne mai sauki.
Haske Ganga yana tasowa mafi kyau a cikin inuwa mai ɓoye ko a cikin yadudduka haske. Idan hasken rana kai tsaye yana fadowa a kan bushes, furanni sun zama ƙanana, harbe kuma sun yi guntu.
Kasar gona. Haske, ana amfani da ƙasa mai kyau don dasa. Ba lallai ba ne a zabi kasa tare da yawan haihuwa, amma tsayayyen ruwa an contraindicated ga tsire-tsire.
Juyawa da kuma sabuntawa. Kuna iya dasa furanni a ƙarƙashin shekara 2, daga baya akwai yiwuwar lalacewar tsarin tushen. Idan da gaske ne, an dasa tsiron tare da dunƙule ƙasa 40 × 40 cm. Bayan shekaru 5-7, daji ya fara girma. Aikace-aikacen shekara-shekara na sabo ƙasa yana taimakawa rage wannan tsari. Sau ɗaya a shekaru goma, ana shawarar daɗaɗa tsoffin bushes ɗin don maye gurbinsu da sababbi.
Watse. Wajibi ne a sha ruwa aquilegia akai-akai kuma a cikin kananan rabo. Tsakanin shafar saman duniya ya kamata ya bushe. Saboda haka bayan ban ruwa, iska na iya shiga cikin tushen, an bada shawara don kwance ƙasa da ciyawa mai daure lokaci-lokaci.
Taki. Kafin farkon dasa ruwa aquilegia, an haƙa ƙasa tare da humus zuwa zurfin cm 20. A watan Mayu da Yuni, ana amfani da cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinan ko takin gargajiya a ƙarƙashin daji.
Mai jan tsami. Aquilegia yana kama da fara'a idan kun katse farfajiyar da aka yi. Wannan na iya hana yin shuka. Ganye na hunturu ba a cire. A shuka kullum haƙuri ko da mai tsananin frosts. Fewan nau'ikan zafi-ƙauna ne kawai zasu iya daskarewa cikin matsanancin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi.
Cutar. Curtainafin labule na tsoma baki tare da samun iska ta yau da kullun, don haka daskararren gari, daskararren launin toka, tabo, tsatsa da sauran cututtukan fungal na iya haɓakawa a cikin ɓaɓɓukan farin ruwa na Aquilegia. A matsayin gwargwadon rigakafin, ana bada shawara don kula da nesa tsakanin bushes da lura da tsarin shayarwa na matsakaici. Dole ne a lalata tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa, kuma ya kamata a kula da ƙasa da sauran harbe da ƙwayoyin cuta. Hakanan zaka iya fesa tare da kwayoyi dauke da sulfur.
Karin kwari. A cikin zafi mai zafi, aphids, nematodes, mites gizo-gizo, scoops zauna a kan harbe da ganye. Daga cikin kwari, ana kula da kwari ("Aktara", "Karbofos", "Aktellik"). Yin gwagwarmaya da nematodes yafi wahala. Wadannan tsutsotsi masu ƙananan suna haifarwa cikin tushen kuma sun shiga cikin mai tushe na tsirrai. Game da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, ana bada shawara don canza shafin kuma ku rusa tsohuwar tsiron.
Amfani da lambun
A cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi, ana amfani da ruwa "aquilegia" a cikin shuka guda ko rukuni, haka kuma a cikin lambun fure mai hade. Yana da ba m da makwabta, kuma a lokacin da yanke wilted peduncles, shi ba ya yada a cikin lambu. Juicy greenery na kama a farkon bazara zai tint da primroses kuma ya ɓoye ƙasa mara amfani. Varietiesarancin ƙananan haɓaka suna da kyau kewaye da saxifrage, carnations da gentians. Ana iya amfani dasu a cikin gidajen lambuna. Ana shuka tsire-tsire masu tsayi kusa da karrarawa, lupins, hatsi, poppies.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar abun da ke ciki, ya kamata ka kula da launi na furanni. Kuna iya fenti hoto mai haske a cikin lambun tare da taimakon aquilegia kadai ko amfani da tsire-tsire iri-iri. A wannan yanayin, dole ne mutum ya tuna cewa ganyen yana da sauƙin tsabtacewa kuma yana haifar da sabon iri.
Ana iya amfani da furanni da ganyayyaki na Aquilegia don ƙirƙirar bushewar furanni. Suna riƙe launuka masu haske na dogon lokaci.
