Akebia

Akebia wata itaciya ce mai kyawawan launuka. Wannan Liana mai rarrafewa tana zaune ne a Gabashin Asiya, a cikin yanayi mai laushi na China, Koriya da Japan. Tana da tushe sosai a Crimea, a cikin Caucasus da kuma a kudancin Turai. Kodayake shuka bai riga ya karbi rarraba ta ko'ina ba, ya bambanta a cikin tarin kayan amfani, sabili da haka, ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman.

Bayanin

Akebia suna cikin dangin Lardizobalov. Wannan tsiro na tsiro na zamani a cikin yanayin dumama ya sami damar zama koyaushe. Sanya mai laushi mai laushi a farkon shekara ana fentin launin kore da ruwan hoda, amma yakan sami launin ruwan hoda ko shuɗi kamar yadda ya cika. Yankin giciye na kara zagaye yake, an rufe shi da wasu ganyayyaki na yau da kullun akan dogayen petioles. Liana a kowace shekara yana ƙaruwa tsawon tsayi, ci gaban shekara shekara daga 1 zuwa 3. Ana ɗaukar girman 3-6 m mafi kyau.Bayan haka, tushen tsarin yana da ƙarfi sosai (kuma yana buƙatar dasawa), kuma tushe mai tushe ba shi da kulawa.

Ganyayyaki mai yatsu uku ko yatsu biyar a cikin kamannin rosette an sanya su akan ramin petiole na tsawon 6-10 cm Ganye suna da haske - duhu daga sama, masu wuta daga ƙasa. Fuskar faranti tana da sheki. Takaddun ganye na daban yana da siffar mali tare da nuna baki. Tsawon takardar ya zama cm 3-5, sannan faɗin 1.5 cm cm.

A tsakiyar bazara, Liana yana fure kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen bazara. A wannan lokacin, gonar tana cike da cakulan mai daɗi da ƙanshin kofi, wanda shuka ta sami suna na biyu "cakulan liana". Kowane fure yana da tsararren farji, amma an tattara su cikin manyan inflorescences. Abin lura ne cewa a kan tushe guda yana bambanta furanni-jima'i:

1. Maza Suna isa kusa da tushe a cikin adadin 4-9 a kowace inflorescence. The buds sun fi girma, m-ruwan hoda, tare da babban yatsu na stamens. Diamita na fure ya kai 3 cm.
2. Mata Da ɗan ƙarami, m-launin ruwan kasa. A ɗaya inflorescence, furanni 2-3 ne kawai aka kafa tare da ƙoshin kwayoyi masu yawa a tsakiyar.

A watan Satumba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari fara bayyana cewa cikakken ripen by tsakiyar Oktoba. Fruiting ne da wuya saboda wuya pollination. Idan aka girma a baranda, bazai yiwu ba. 'Ya'yan itacen itace babba mai girma (6-8 m). Kwasfa mai sheƙi mai sheƙi, kamar an rufe ta da kakin zuma, da mai yawa. A launi daga cikin cikakke 'ya'yan itace ne ruwan hoda-m. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m da m, edible. Tana da dandano kamar ƙwaya, da ƙanshi kamar cakulan. A tsakiyar ɓangaren akwai wasu ƙananan ƙananan baƙar fata da ke nutsuwa a ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Iri daban-daban

Akwai nau'ikan 6 a cikin jinsin Akebia, amma biyu daga cikinsu ana amfani da su a cikin aikin lambu. Mafi mashahuri shi ne ganyen cinya biyar da biyar ko kuma biyar. Wannan ana kiransa tsarin ganyen, wanda akan sanya wasu litattafai dabam dabam dabam akan caɓaɓɓen ɗan petiole a kamannin biyar. Leavesanan ganye har zuwa 5 cm tsayi kuma 3 cm fadi suna kan dogayen zangarniya 10 cm a girma.

Wannan nau'in nau'in mafi yaduwa shine ko'ina cikin duniya kuma a yau ana samun su har cikin Ostiraliya da Arewacin Amurka. Irin wannan bishiyar liana-kamar itace tana da mai tushe mai tsayi tare da tsagi-tsinkaye, yana girma a cikin tsayi fiye da m 3. An yalwata da furanni tare daukacin tsawon, amma da wuya ya bada fruita fruitan itace.

An tattara furanni na Bisexual a goga a kan shinge na bakin ciki. Budan yana da duhun furanni uku masu buɗewa mai kama da zagaye. Furanni na maza sun fi girma, ruwan hoda ko lilac, da furanni mata (shunayya ko ruwan lemo) sun fi ƙanana kuma suna a ƙarshen inflorescence. Lokacin fure yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun bayyana a ƙarshen Satumba.

Abu na biyu mafi mashahuri shine cincin cincinbia Tana da ganye guda uku masu laushi a cikin petiole. Leaf faranti suna da yawa, masu sheki, masu duhu a saman. A gefuna na ganye ne wavy, da wuya sassaka. Wannan iri-iri yana girma da sauri, matsakaicinsa shine 7-8 m. A cikin ƙanshin furanni ban da bayanan kofi wanda yake fitowa da ƙanshin kirfa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun fi tsawo (kusan 8-9 cm a tsayi), wanda a ke kiran wannan nau'in' 'banana banana' '.

Kiwo

Akebia ana yada shi ta zuriya da kuma hanyoyin ciyayi. Ana shuka tsaba nan da nan bayan girbi saboda kada su yi asarar germination. Yi shi a cikin fall a cikin ƙananan tukwane da ƙasa yashi mai yashi. Harbe yana bayyana tare, amma ba da sauri (har zuwa watanni 3). Tsaba suna daɗaɗa zurfi a cikin ƙasa (by 5 mm) kuma yafa masa ƙasa. An rufe kwantena tare da fim ko gilashi kuma an ajiye su a cikin dakin mai sanyi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don hatsi shine + 15 ° C. Ana dasa shuki mai ƙarfi zuwa cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni, lokacin da haɗarin sanyaya daren ya gama wucewa.

Ana iya amfani dashi don yaduwar mai tushe na huhun mai tushe. An yanke su a duk tsawon lokacin ciyayi kuma an sanya su a cikin tukunyar yashi-yashi a cikin tukunya. An dasa gonar ne kawai shekara mai zuwa.

Hanya mafi sauƙi don haifuwa ana ɗaukar shi layer. A farkon bazara, wani ɓangare na tushe an haƙa shi, ba rabuwa da babban shuka ba. Tare da isowa daga cikin tushen, ana yanke harbi daga itacen inna kuma aka dasa shi a wani sabon wuri. A farkon yanayin sanyi, wani ƙaramin ƙaraminbia zai sami ƙarfi har zuwa lokacin sanyi.

Girma

Don saukowa, suna zaɓar wuri mai faɗi a wurin. A wannan yanayin, za a liana furanni tare da furanni masu yawa, yayin da a cikin Inuwa mai launin kore harbe ya mamaye. Ya kamata kasar ta kasance mai haske kuma a kula da ita sosai. Don dasawa, an tona rami mara zurfi, wanda aka rufe da abubuwan da aka haɗa da kwayoyin halitta (peat, ciyawa mai bushe, ciyawa da ƙaramin adadin humus) a cikin cakuda da yashi. Bayan dasawa, an shayar da ƙasa a hankali kuma ana shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi. Ana buƙatar yin ruwa a kai a kai domin tushen ba ya bushe.

The mai tushe na matasa shuka ne m, sabili da haka, suna buƙatar goyon baya, matasa harbe tsunkule. Akebia na bukatar yin ruwa akai-akai, amma ba ta yarda da tsaurin ruwa ba. A lokacin girma da fure, takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai dole ne a shafa a kowane wata.

A cikin hunturu, Liana tana jure ƙananan sanyi, musamman ma a gaban dusar ƙanƙara. Don kare kariya daga daskarewa da danshi mai yawa, an rufe shuka da agrofibre da fim.

Lana cakulan ta dace don haɓaka a cikin tubs da tukwane. A wannan yanayin, yakamata a sake haɗa shi kowace shekara, ɗaukar tukunya mafi girma yayin da rhizomes ke girma. Tsuna mafi tsayi mai tushe ko yanke a cikin bazara, kafin a buɗe buds. A lokacin dormancy, zazzabi mai dadi ga shuka shine + 10 ° C. A wannan lokacin, ba a yin kayan miya da kuma rage ruwa ba.

Kasancewa ƙwayar kashe ƙwayar cuta ta halitta, liana baya jin tsoron kwaro, amma yana kare ta daga cututtukan gida. Idan tsire yana cikin wurare masu laima, za a iya shafa mai ko turɓayar. A wannan yanayin, ganye tare da m whitish aibobi da wani ɓangare na harbe ya kamata a yanka a kuma ƙone.

Amfani

Akebia ya dace don amfani da ƙirar shimfidar wuri, haka kuma don yin shinge, shinge, shinge da katanga. Lwushinta na lush suna ba da inuwa mai gamsarwa. Yi amfani da liana don wuraren shakatawa da baranda. Tana da ban sha'awa a cikin kusancin furanni da ciyawa masu ƙyalƙyali, da sauran vines. Mafi yawanci ana shuka shi a cikin kamfanoni tare da hydrangea, honeysuckle, hosta, wormwood, rhododendrons, peonies.

Baya ga kaddarorin kayan ado, Liana kuma ta sami amfani da tattalin arziƙi mai amfani. Daga mai tushe mai saƙa kwanduna har ma da kayan adon lambun. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itace mai ɗumi da kayan yaji a kayan zaki, kuma shayi mai yalwar ganye yana daga ganye da ganyen. Hakanan, ana amfani da ganyen bushewa azaman kayan yaji don nama da kayan abinci na kifi. A cikin likitancin gabbai, ana yin diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic da analgesic broth daga acebia.