Ferocactus yana da bambanci sosai. Suna iya zama da elongated da zagaye, babba da karami, fure ko a'a. Wani fasalin halayen halittar kyawawan halittu ne masu launuka iri-iri. Sabili da su ne masu furen fure suka yanke shawarar siyar da ferocactus. Ferocactuses a cikin hoto suna da kyau kawai, a cikin nau'i na watsa ƙananan kwallaye ko kuma giant ɗin gaske na gaske. Plantsan ƙananan tsire-tsire suna jujjuyawa a hankali cikin manyan gungun gida. Sun mamaye wani yanki na tsakiya a cikin ɗakin kuma sun shahara saboda halayensu na fassara.
Bayanin Shuka
Ferocactus shine mai maye gurbin shekaru daga dangin Cactus. Yana girma a cikin hamada na Mexico da kuma Kudancin Amurka. Dankin yana da farin farin Tushen. A matsakaici, rhizome yana wuri mai zurfin of 3-20 cm. Tashin hankali mai ɗanɗano yana da sifa ko zagaye. An rufe shi da m, m fata na wani duhu kore ko mai haske tint.
Yawancin tsire-tsire suna samar da kara guda ɗaya har zuwa 4 m babba kuma har zuwa m cm cm 80. An kuma samo nau'in ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, suna samar da mazauna duka. A farfajiya na tushe ne a tsaye haƙarƙarinsa tare da sashi mai ege uku. An rarraba filayen a kwance a ko'ina cikin duka gefen. An rufe su da ingantaccen inzali kuma suna ɗauke da cikkodin allurai mai kaifi. Kusa kusa da koli, adadin fluff yana ƙaruwa sosai. A saman sosai karamin rauni ne mai taushi.
Akwai buƙatattun allura guda 13 a cikin areola. Wasu kashin baya sune bakin ciki, yayin da wasu kuma suke da fadi mai tushe. Tsawon spines yana cikin kewayon 1-13 cm.
Lokacin fure na ferocactus cacti ya faɗi a cikin watanni na bazara. Koyaya, samfuran cikin gida da wuya delightan farinn runduna da furanni. An yi imani da cewa girma shuka blooms a tsawo daga cm 25. An kafa buds fure a tarnaƙi daga tushe ko a koli. Suna da ɗan gajeren bututu waɗanda suke da sikeli masu yawa. Alsawan furanni masu tsayi suna samar da murɗa mai sauƙi na rawaya, cream ko fure mai ruwan hoda. Rawaya mai launin shuɗi ya ƙunshi yawancin tsoffin uwaye da ƙwayoyin fata.
Bayan fure, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau tare da daskararru, fata mai laushi ana yin su. A cikin m ɓangaren litattafan almara m da yawa m tsaba.
Iri Ferocactus
A cikin halittar ferocactus, an yi rajista iri 36. Yawancin su ana iya samun su ta al'ada.
Ferocactus Wislisen. Dankin yana da ban sha'awa a girma. Girman sa daya wanda aka zagaye ko digo mai girma ya yi girma zuwa 2 m. A kan gangar jikin akwai har zuwa 25 embossed, high hakarkarinsa. Bunches launin allurai launin ruwan mintuna 3-5 cm ana cikin wurare masu wuya Kowane rukuni na kashin baya ya ƙunshi na bakin ciki da madaidaiciya, har da kauri 1-2, yadudduka na ja ko launin shuɗi. Furanni masu launin shuɗi ko ja tare da diamita na 5 cm tare da bututu 4-6 cm tsayi an shirya su a cikin hanyar wreath a saman ɓangaren kara. A wurin furanni, fruitsan oban furanni masu launin shuɗi 3-5 cm tsayi.
Ferocactus Emory. Duhun kore mai duhu na tsire-tsire yana da sifa mai siffar zobe, amma sannu-sannu ya shimfiɗa zuwa tsawo na 2. M a kai tsaye haƙarƙarin rijiyoyin a cikin adadin nauyin 22-30 suna da matuƙar kunkuntar. Dogon tsayi, lokacin farin ciki da ɗanɗano ƙaya suna zane a fari, ruwan hoda ko ja. An shirya furanni masu launin shuɗi-mai launin rawaya tare da diamita na 4-6 cm a cikin kungiyoyi a saman tushe. Tsawon 'ya'yan itace rawaya mai launin rawaya shine 3-5 cm.
Feiscactus latispinus ko allura-mai yawa. Dankin yana da kara mai siki-kore mai kauri tare da kunkuntar da kuma hakarkarinsa. Yankin kara daga 30 cm cm ne.Wanda aka shimfiɗa spines ɗin a cikin ɗakunan radial kuma an fentin su da fari ko ruwan hoda. Da yawa needles suna da kauri sosai kuma suna kwance. An miƙa tsananin perpendicular zuwa kara. Ga irin wannan nau'ikan spines mara ganuwa, ana kiran wannan gidan mu "harshe mai lalacewa". A saman shine rukuni na dama masu launin shuɗi ko shunayya. Diamita na tublar kararrawa shine 5 cm.
Ferocactus horridus. Duhu mai duhu tare da tushe mai launin shuɗi, tushe yana da siffar mai sihiri ko sigar silili. Matsakaicin matsakaicinsa shine 1 m kuma fāɗinsa ya kai cm 30. Har zuwa 13, haƙarƙarin rijiyoyin an rufe su da gajerun hancin gajeren hancin. 8-12 madaidaitan fararen allurai suke a sarari, kuma a tsakiyar akwai wasu kauri masu girma da suka shafi ja ko fure mai kauri tsawon 8-12 cm.
Ferocactus histrix. An rufe karar mai zagaye tare da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, fata mai laushi kaɗan. Tsawon tsirren tsiro yakai cm 50-70. Wide da kuma haƙarƙarinsa suna zaune a tsaye. An rufe su da wasu sassan da ke da farin fari ko baƙi na bakin ciki. Har zuwa dozin dola sau biyu na tsiro a ciki 2-3 cm tsayi. A tsakiyar areola, akwai rassa masu launin shuɗi-biyu masu launin shuɗi zuwa 6 cm tsayi 6. furanni masu kararrawa masu launin rawaya waɗanda suke da girman 5 cm tare da bututu mai tsawon 3-4 cm ana samansu a saman tushe. Da alama suna kan matashin kai mai laushi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu rawaya har zuwa 2 cm za a iya ci. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ya ƙunshi baƙin matte tsaba.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Don yaduwar tsaba kakatar, dole ne a fara jiƙa su a rana ɗaya a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi. Isasa don cacti an haɗe shi da yashi mai yawa. Ana cakuda cakuda da danshi. Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 5 mm. An rufe tukunya da fim kuma aka bar ta a cikin ɗaki mai haske a zazzabi na + 23 ... +28 ° C. Kowace rana ana fitar da iskar gas da laima. Harbe yana bayyana a tsakanin makonni 3-4. Bayan ƙwaya germination, an cire fim ɗin. Lokacin da yake makonni 2-3, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin tukwane daban.
An yanke yankan daga sassan gewaye na tsirrai. Wurin da aka yanke an yayyafa shi da ash ko carbon da aka kunna kuma a bushe a cikin iska tsawon kwanaki 3-4. Don dasa shuki, yi amfani da cakuda yashi da gawayi. Isasa ta ɗan yi sanyi sosai sannan aka dasa filayen. An tukunya tukunya da tsire-tsire tare da tsare ko gwangwani. Bayan dasa, an cire tsari kuma ana shuka tsire-tsire daban.
Dokokin Canje-canje
Ferocactus yana dasawa yayin da rhizome ke girma. Ana yin wannan yawanci a lokacin bazara kowace shekara 2-4. Don dasa, yi amfani da fadi, amma ba tukuna masu zurfi tare da manyan ramuka. A kasan sa fitar da wani malalewa Layer. A kasar gona ya kamata dan kadan acidic, breathable. Kuna iya yin cakuda:
- kogin yashi ko kwakwalwan yashi;
- ƙasa mai narkewa;
- tsakuwa
- takarda ƙasa;
- gawayi.
Siffofin Kulawa
Kula da ferocactus a gida ya ƙunshi zaɓi na wurin mai haske da dumin ɗumi. Ya kamata hasken rana ya kasance akalla awanni 12 a cikin shekara. Haske na hasken rana kai tsaye da sills taga na kudu an gwammace. A ranakun girgije da damuna, ana bada shawarar amfani da hasken baya.
A lokacin rani, zazzabi mai iska na iya kasancewa a cikin kewayon + 20 ... + 35 ° C. A cikin hunturu, gidan muƙaddari yana buƙatar samar da abun cikin mai sanyi a + 10 ... +15 ° C. Mahimman yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun da kwarzanawa na iya haifar da cutar shuka.
Ferocactus yana buƙatar yalwataccen ruwa tare da kare ruwa mai laushi. Tsakanin watering, kasar gona yakamata ya bushe sosai. A cikin hunturu, ƙasa tana daɗaɗɗa ba fiye da 1 lokaci na wata daya. Iska mai bushe ba matsala ga shuka. Ba ya buƙatar fesawa, amma zai iya jure ruwan sha mai laushi mai ɗumi.
Ciyar da ƙwayar ferocactus a cikin ƙasa mai kyau ba lallai ba ne. Lokacin da girma a kan ƙasa ya cika, zaku iya ciyar da shuka. A cikin lokacin dumi, ana amfani da rabi ko sulusin kashi na taki don cacti sau ɗaya a wata.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Ferocactus tare da wuce kima ruwa da mura karye zai iya fama da tushen rot da sauran cututtukan fungal. Kusan ba zai yiwu a ceci shuka ba, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci koyaushe a bi tsarin madaidaiciya.
Wasu lokuta ana iya samun aphids akan shuka. A kashe kashe kwayar cuta matsala ce saboda kumburin dunƙule, don haka ya fi kyau a fesa mai da maganin kashe ƙwayar cuta.
