Mordovia shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire na ƙananan ƙwayoyi daga dangin Asters. An rarrabe ta da sabon abu mai siffar zobe mara iyaka. An kuma san tsire a ƙarƙashin sunayen "echinops", "tatarnik", "bluehead", "harba". Abubuwan da aka fi sani da mordovia sun karɓa a Siberiya, ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, a Yammacin Turai da Caucasus. Fushin da aka sassaka da furanni masu ban mamaki suna kama da ban mamaki a cikin lambun. Suna jan hankalin ƙwayoyin zuma kuma ana amfani dasu a magungunan mutane. Koyo don kula da mucks yana da sauƙi. A cikin godiya, zai ba da ciyayi.
Halayen Botanical
Mordovia tsirrai ne mai tsirrai. Perennials sun fi rinjaye ga asalin halitta, kodayake ana samun al'adun shekara-da-shekaru biyu. Tsawon madaidaicin mai tushe ya kai 0.5-2 m. Tushen tushe na kashin yana zurfi cikin ƙasa. A cikin sashi na sama, reshe ya fita. An rufe shi da gajerun zaruruwa na azurfa ko launin ruwan kasa.
Cirrus da aka watsa kayan spinal ganye ana jera su akasari a harbi. Tushen foliage yana da petioles, kuma tushe ganye zauna tam a kan shoot. Fararen duhu ganye farantin girma 10-25 cm tsawo da kuma 5-10 cm m. Mafi girma ganyayyaki suna daga ƙasa, ƙananan sun zama. Gefen sama na takardar yana da dunƙule mai nauyi, kuma kasan an rufe shi da tari mai kauri.
Fulawa yana farawa a ƙarshen Mayu kuma yana wuce fiye da wata guda. An tattara ƙananan furanni tubular a cikin inflorescence na fata a ƙarshen tushe. A kowace inflorescence na iya zama 150-400 buds. A daya shuka, har zuwa 30 inflorescences ci gaba. Girman dutsen yana da cm 3-5. Fentin furanni ana fentin shuɗi, shuɗi ko fari. A kusa da kowane fure akwai wanda ake iya gani a cikin farin furannin sirinji.
A ƙarshen Yuni, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari fara ripen - ƙananan cylindrical achenes. Suna da membrane mai glandular da crest. Tsawon ciwon kai yana kusan mm 6.
Abubuwa na mucks
Halittar mucks yana da nau'ikan 190, yayin da ƙasa da dozin daga cikinsu ke girma a cikin al'adun ƙasarmu.
A mucks ne mai siffar zobe. Dankin yana da mashahuri musamman. Madaidaiciya, kusan danda tushe mai tsayi 1.2-1.5 m cokali mai yatsu a saman. Kowane shoot an lashe tare da babban shuɗi-fari inflorescence mai siffar zobe a siffar. Duddirinsa yakai cm 4-7. An watsa farantin ganye na duhu mai duhu a cikin ƙananan lobes, wanda ke ƙare tare da tsinkaye mai kaifi. Yawo yana faruwa a watan Yuni-Yuli.
A mucks ne talakawa. Yawancin sun fi yawa a girman. Tsawon tuki ba ya ƙare cm 60. Daskararren kore mai duhu da gefen gefen ganyayyaki an rufe su da viliyan silili. Tsawon tsinkayen ganye na gaba shine 6 - 20 cm. A watan Yuli-Agusta, shuru mai fure mai launin shuɗi ya yi nisan cm 2 A cikin farin fitila mai dauke da ƙwayar mahaifiya yana fitowa sosai daga tsakiyar kowane fure.
A mucks ne broadleaf. Tsawon wannan tsararren tsiro ya wuce cm 30-75. Tsawon tururi mai girma yana rufe da tarin tarin silvery mai tsawo. Ganyayyaki masu duhu mai duhu tare da farashi mai ƙyalƙyali masu girma suna girma 20 cm a tsawon, kuma faɗin su shine cm 10 a watan Mayu, kyawawan launuka masu launin shudi-violet.
Girma da dasawa
Sake bugun mucks ana yin shi ta zuriya. Abubuwan da aka tara suna bushe kuma an adana su a bushe, wuri mai ɗumi. Suna riƙe germination na shekaru 3. Saukowa ana yi nan da nan a buɗe ƙasa. Wannan zai fi kyau a lokacin bazara, amma kuma an ba da izinin shuka irin shuka. Guguwar Spring ta haɗu da ɗan sannu a hankali. Kafin shuka kaka, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da sassaucin sanyi na mako guda. Wannan hanya za ta shirya tsaba don zuwan sanyi.
A watan Satumba-Oktoba, ana hade gawar da tsiron, kuma a rarraba a cikin tsagi zuwa zurfin 1.5-3 cm. Nisan da ke tsakanin tsintsinyen ya kamata ya zama cm 60. Sa’annan ya kamata a yaɗa ƙasa da rake. Babu ƙarin tsari. Da kyau, idan a cikin hunturu an rufe filin duka da dusar ƙanƙara, to, magudanar za ta fara haɓaka tun da farko, kuma harbe-ƙawancen zai fito a farkon bazara.
A cikin yankuna na arewacin, zaku iya yin shuki kafin shuka shuki. Wannan yana da kyau idan kuna buƙatar shuka karamin yanki. Seedlings fara girma a farkon Maris. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena tare da yashi da peat ƙasa kuma a hankali suna daɗaɗa. Harbe yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 7-10. Saboda haka cewa seedlings ba su daskare, ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a bude kawai a tsakiyar Mayu.
Mordovia fi son ƙasa mai kwance-sako tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗano acidic. A kan yumɓu masu yumɓu masu nauyi, yana tasowa mara kyau. Hakanan, tsiron yayi mummunar ma'anar kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa da jikin ruwa. A cikin shekarar farko, ciyawar ta gina tushenta kuma ta samar da mayukan ganye na fure. Daga shekara ta biyu, kara farat yana farawa, wanda aka rufe shi da kyawawan inflorescences. Kowace shekara, girman daji yana zama mafi girma kuma fure yana da yawa.
Kula da tsiro
Kulawa da wulakancin abu ne mai sauki. Shi ne mafi m kawai a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, lokacin da zai iya wahala daga mamaye ciyawa ko daga tsananin sanyi. Nan gaba, mai lambun dole ne ya kara yin kokarin takaita yaduwar shuka a cikin gonar.
Mordovia ya fi son wuraren buɗe litattafai masu kyau. Hasken rana kai tsaye baya jin tsoronsa, kuma a wuraren da aka rufe ido da ciyawa na iya mutuwa.
Shuka ba ta fama da matsanancin zafi da tsananin sanyi. A cikin hunturu, zai iya tsayayya da maganin sanyi zuwa -40 ° C ba tare da tsari ba. Tsarin iska da iska mai ƙarfi na iska ba sa tsoron shi. Ya kamata a dasa tsire-tsire na tall kusa da tallafi ko a ɗaure shi. A ƙarƙashin nauyinsu, mai tushe yakan yi fari ko ya faɗi ƙasa.
Mordovian baya buƙatar shayarwa. Yana ci gaba da haɓaka ko da cikin matsanancin zafi da tsawan fari lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe zuwa ƙura. Ana bada shawarar samar da takin zamani sau da yawa a shekara. A cikin bazara, dasa an hadu tare da humidu humus ko taki rotted. A lokacin fure, ana shayar da bushes tare da bayani na taki ma'adinai tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen (ammonium nitrate).
Don hana yalwar iri-iri, an yanke fure na mordovia kafin tsaba su yi ƙwazo. A cikin kaka, wajibi ne don yanke mai tushe zuwa ƙasa. Tushen sanyi kawai, daga abin da matasa harbe girma a farkon spring.
Mordovia da wuya lalacewa ta hanyar cututtuka na shuka. Kawai akan ruwa na ruwa ne kawai yake shan wahala daga tushen ruɓaɓɓen ganye da kuma ganyen ganye. Ba shi yiwuwa a ceci tsiron, yana da bukatar a lalata su gaba ɗaya kuma a bi da ƙasa da fungicides. Parasites a kan shuka ba su tsayawa, don haka ba lallai ne ku kula da kariyar ta daga kwari ba.
Mordovia na zuma
Mordovia sanannen ƙwayar zuma ne. Kowane inflorescence ya ƙunshi har zuwa 20 MG na sukari. Daga 1 ha na fure mucks, ƙudan zuma sami damar tara har zuwa 1000 kilogiram na zuma (mai siffar zobe mucks). Sauran nau'in suna samar da matsakaicin kilogiram 300-500 na zuma. Yawan nectar da aka samar yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Zai iya tsayawa a kowane yanayi.
Mordovian nectar wani bangare ne na zuma na ganye. An rarrabe ta da launin rawaya mai haske ko launi na amber da kuma nuna gaskiya. Bayan ya sha, zuma ta zama mara nauyi, ko da fari. Tana da ƙanshi mai daɗin yaji da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
An tabbatar da cewa samfurin ya furta kaddarorin warkarwa. Ana amfani dashi don ƙarfafa rigakafi, yaƙi da hypotension da kuma rage tashin hankali.
Dukiya mai amfani
A cikin ciyawa, furanni da kuma tushen mucks, an ƙunshi alkaloid echinopsin, wanda a cikin aikinsa yayi kama da strychnine. Har zuwa 1981, an yi amfani da shirye-shiryen echinopsin a cikin magani na hukuma don kula da rikice-rikicen motar da ke da alaƙa da lalacewar tsakiya ko yanki na jijiya. Saboda yawan guba da aka shuka, ba'a sake amfani dashi a likitancin ba, amma ana ci gaba da amfani da maganin a magungunan jama'a. Baya ga ƙayyadaddun alkaloid, mordovia ya ƙunshi flavonoids, mayuka masu mahimmanci, ascorbic acid, saponins, steroids da ma'adanai.
A lokacin furanni, an girbe inflorescences da ganye. A ƙarshen bazara, ana girbe tsaba, kuma a watan Satumba Oktoba-Oktoba, ana haƙa tushen. Dukkanin kayan albarkatun ƙasa suna bushe a waje a karkashin wani zane. Bayan haka an tsabtace shi cikin zane ko jakunkuna kuma ana ajiye shi a zazzabi a ɗakin. Tushen za'a iya adanar shi har zuwa shekaru biyu, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da sauran tsiron don watanni 12.
Ana amfani da kayan ado, har da giya da ruwan infusus na cikin gida don:
- rabu da ciwon kai;
- mayar da aikin shakatawa;
- Dakatar da ɓacin rai;
- rage bayyanuwar hypotonic.
Man shafawa da aka samo daga fruita isan itace ana shafawa a fata don rage kumburi, dakatar da zub da jini, yakar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma kula da psoriasis. Magunguna suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jiyya na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da yawa. Suna hana ci gaban cutar.
Yana da mahimmanci a hankali! Magunguna waɗanda suka dogara da mordovia na iya haifar da guba, saboda haka kuna buƙatar ɗaukar su da babban kulawa kuma kawai bayan tuntuɓar ƙwararrun masani. Tare da yawan abin sama da ya kamata, murkushe tsoka da gazawar numfashi na faruwa. An haramta yin amfani da mordovia yayin daukar ciki, da kuma a yayin rashin lafiyar fuka da fuka.
Amfani
Liarfi mai ƙarfi da fure mai kyau na mordovia na iya yin ado da kowane ɓangaren gonar. A yanayi, babu tsarkakakken shuɗi da shuɗi, don haka kar a daina fassarar mordovia. Furannin furanni masu kamshi suna jawo yawancin kwari masu amfani ga wurin.
Ana sanya harbe mai girma mai zurfi a cikin ɓangaren tsakiyar ko a bangon gadon filawa. Baya ga shi, ana iya dasa ƙananan furanni na fure. Mordovia ya tafi lafiya tare da monarda, centranthus, poppies, lavender, flax, catnip da chamomiles.
Ana amfani da kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi don ado na bouquets, kazalika don tsara bushe bushe. Mordovia tana kiyaye sifofinta da launuka masu kyau.
