Butterbur wata itaciya ce mai tsire-tsire daga dangin Astro. Hakanan an san shi a ƙarƙashin sunayen "fararen fata", "mashaya giya", "tushen sitaci", "tushen masarauta", "ciyawar ciyawa". An rarraba shi daga Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa tsakiyar Rasha. Yawancin nau'ikan ornamental suna girma a waje da Tarayyar Rasha, wanda ba ya tsoma baki tare da haɓaka nau'ikan da kuke so a kowace gonar yanayin canjin yanayi ko yanayin ƙasa. Kyakkyawan fasalin butterbur shine babban taimako na bar da nutsuwa mai laushi. Ana amfani da shuka don yin ado da lambun da bankunan tafkunan. Hakanan, ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan a maganin gargajiya. Kulawa da karamin bututun shanu a cikin filin ba da wahala. Ko da wani lambu mai novice na iya yin yadudduka masu yawan ruwa.
Halayen Botanical
Butterbur sigar gargajiya ce mai hatsi. Yana da tushe mai tsayi, mai fure, wanda ke tsiro a sararin sama kuma yana kusa da saman ƙasa. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, tushe na butterbur ya kai tsayi daga 30-200 cm. Ganyen sirinji mai siffar sikandire wanda yake tare da tsawon lokacin farin yaƙin. Jirgin iska mai iska yana girma nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. A samansa an yi wa ado da kazamin corymbose ko paniculate inflorescence. Ya ƙunshi yawancin ƙananan farin-kore, mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Tubular da rerol corollas a buɗe a tsakiyar bazara. Bayan lokacin furanni ya ƙare, asirin ya ci gaba da girma.
A ƙarshen Mayu, manyan ganye suna bayyana a ƙasa akan dogaye, ɗimbin petioles. Farantin takarda yana da kamannin zuciya. A gefuna na ganye na iya zama mai kauri, zazzage shi ko kuma a watsa shi. A baya, kuma wani lokacin akan gaba, akwai wadatar zuci mai yawa. Matsakaicin ganyen ganye shine 1.5 m. Petaƙƙarfan petiole na iya isa zuwa faɗin 5-6 cm.
Bayan pollination a kan kara, da yawa guda-iri bolls da babban Crest ripen. Ripening yana ƙare a watan Yuni, bayan wannan ana ɗaukar tsaba daga iska ko ruwa.
Iri da nau'in butterbur
A cikin halittar butterbur, an yiwa rajista iri 20. Mafi mashahuri daga gare su:
Butterbur butterbur. A herbaceous perennial har zuwa 60 cm high yana da m scaly stalk. A saman harba, wani tseren tsere inflorescence na launin toka-m tubular furanni fure. A watan Yuni, manyan ganye masu launin zuciya da launin kore mai haske suna bayyana. An rufe su da tari mai laushi kuma suna wuce gona da iri, ba ƙanshi mai daɗi. Diamita na takardar shine 60-70 cm.
Kayan shafawa. Itace mai nauyin 30-70 cm mai tsayi tana da daskararren sikari mai launin shuɗi. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi biyu ana haɗa su cikin kwanduna, waɗanda, bi da bi, suna cikin ƙyalli-mai fasali. Rounded koda-mai siffar ganye ne mai yawa an rufe shi da tari mai launin toka. Yankin ganyensa ya kai cm 70. Ganyen yana kan kanana, madaidaiciya petioles har zuwa tsawon mil 1.2.
Burunƙarar baƙin ƙarfe karya ne. A farkon Afrilu, ginshiƙan launuka masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi masu girma suna girma daga ƙasa. An lashe su da kwandunan silima tare da fararen furanni ko shuɗi. Manyan fure mai siffar zuciya-uku mai siffar zuciya yana da hakora marasa daidaituwa tare da gefuna da launi mai duhu mai duhu. Ganyayyaki har zuwa faɗin cm cm 80 suna kan petioles tsawon tsayi 1. A gefe guda kuma a gefen jijiyoyi a gefen ƙarancin, suna da matukar tasiri.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Butterbur yana yaduwa ta iri da kuma hanyoyin ciyayi. Ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin kaka ko kuma bazara a cikin ƙasa a buɗe, kazalika da shuka seedlings. Don hanyar seedling, ana fitar da amfanin gona a farkon Fabrairu a cikin kwalaye tare da yashi da peat ƙasa. Tsaba moisturize da kyau da kuma rufe da fim. A sarrafa iska da kayan masarufi a kowace rana. Harbe yana bayyana a tsakanin makonni 1-3. Lokacin da ganye na ainihi 2 suka bayyana, an shuka seedlings cikin tukwane dabam. A ƙarshen Mayu, zaku iya dasa tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Ana saurin dasa shuki shekaru 3-4 bayan dasawa.
Isasshen isasshen butterbur yana haifar da tushen tushe. Ana iya yin aikin mafi kyau a watan Satumba. Rarraba bazara ba koyaushe yake nasara ba. Abin sani kawai Dole ne a raba makircin tare da tsawon cm cm 5. Ana dasa shi nan da nan a cikin sabon wuri kuma ana shayar da shi sosai. Kafin faɗuwar yanayin sanyi, rhizome ya girma kuma ya yi girma, kuma a cikin bazara farkon harbe ya bayyana.
Kula da tsiro
Butterbur yana da sauki a kula, amma yana buƙatar zaɓin mazaunan da hankali. Ya fi son kusancin kandami da kasa mai laushi. Yana da kyau a nemo wurin a cikin inuwa na bangare, amma yana yiwuwa a cikakke shading. An yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye na lokaci-lokaci akan ganye, amma ba a cikin awoyin yamma ba.
A rhizome na shuka ne sosai m. Yana iya rufe manyan wurare. Domin kada daga baya suyi gwagwarmaya don yankin, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa sun tono bangarorin filastik zuwa zurfin 60-80 cm.
Soilasa don butterbur ya kamata ya kasance mai haɓaka kuma ya sami tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗano acidic. A shuka ne undemanding ga yawa na duniya. Zai iya haɓaka duka akan haske da ƙasa. A cikin shekarun farko na rayuwa, 'yan seedlings suna da matsakaitan girma. Don kada ciyawa su tsoma baki tare da ci gaban su, ana bada shawarar yin weeding na lokaci-lokaci.
Butterbur wata shuka ce mai iya yin sanyi. Yana hibernates zuwa subarctic bel ba tare da tsari. Partasan ƙasa ya mutu a faɗuwa. Dole ne a yanke shi a ƙasa. Bayan furanni ya bushe, an ba da shawarar ciyawar fure don a hana yin shuka iri-iri mara hankali.
Itace tana haɓaka mafi kyau tare da zafi mai zurfi, saboda haka samfuran rairayin bakin teku koyaushe zai fi girma. Butterbur kuma dole ne a shayar da shi sau da yawa, saboda babban ganye yana bushe danshi mai yawa. A cikin tsananin zafi, ganyayyaki na iya so, amma da maraice suna maido da tsohon kamanninsu.
Shuka ba ya buƙatar ciyarwa ta yau da kullun. A farkon bazara, zaku iya ciyawa kasar gona tare da takin ko peat. Wannan zai isa ga ci gaban aiki da fure.
Farin daskararren tsire-tsire ba sa wahala, amma slugs da matafila suna ƙaunarsa. Wataƙila sun jawo hankalin su da dampness ɗin da yake buƙatar haɓakar shuka. Don kada ganyen ya rufe ramuka masu mummuna, zaku yi amfani da kwari.
Dukiya mai amfani
Masana ilimin kimiyya sun samo acid Organic, saponins, tannins, flavonoids da mahimmin mai a cikin ganyayyaki da tushen butterbur. Ana amfani da kayan ado azaman ingantaccen expectorant, diuretic, antispasmodic da anthelmintic. Suna taimakawa wajen kwantar da jijiyoyi da shawo kan hauhawar jini a farkon matakan cutar.
Ana amfani da ganyen yankakken ganye zuwa raunuka da kumburi akan fatar. Suna maganin motsa jiki, dakatar da zub da jini da kuma lalata kamuwa da cuta. Maganin shafawa tare da Bugu da kari ganye ana amfani da shi ga wuraren da ke cikin matsala na fata don rabu da kuraje da boils.
Samun shirye-shirye dangane da butterbur an contraindicated a cikin mata masu juna biyu da kuma lactate mata, yara, da mutanen da low jini. Ya kamata kuma a ɗauka a hankali cewa yin amfani da broths yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini.
Hankali! Abubuwan da ke haifar da tushen tushen abin da ke haifar da guba. Lokacin amfani dashi akai-akai, suna haifar da cutar kansa hanta da sauran mummunan cututtuka na gabobin ciki. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da matukar muhimmanci a bi ka'idodin kuma shirya magani tare da likitanka.
Dafa butterbur
Ana amfani da ciyawar fure ta ganye da ganyen wasu nau'ikan butterbur da kuma butterbur na Jafananci wajen dafa abinci. An tafasa, soyayyen, an dafa shi kuma an ci ɗanye. Don dandana, samfurin yana kama da seleri ko rhubarb. Ana iya samun jita-jita a Butterbur a gidajen abinci na Jafananci. Ana amfani dasu don yin sushi. A wasu ƙasashe, ana shuka shuka kamar amfanin gona.
Amfani da lambun
Kyakkyawan kyawawan ganye da manyan ganye suna jan hankalin mai yawa. Irin wannan tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa zai yi kira ga masu shi da duk maƙwabta. Yana da mahimmanci kawai don tsara yadda yakamata kuma a iyakance mazaunin butterbur ta yadda daga baya bazaiyi gwagwarmaya ba.
Itataccen katako zai ɓoye gine-ginen gona, shinge ko wasu wuraren da ke buƙatar sake kamanni. Itace ya dace da ado yankin bakin teku. Hakanan yana hana haɓakar ciyawa, don haka buƙatar ƙazantar da shafin zai ɓace a hankali.
Mafi kyawun makwabta don butterbur sune elecampane, hogweed, comfrey, rhubarb, har da bishiyoyi masu rarrafe masu yawa da manyan bishiyoyi.
