Saxifrage wani yanki ne mai ban al'ajabi na dangin Saxifrage. Zai iya rayuwa kuma ya yi fure a yanayin da bai dace da rayayyun rayayyun halittu ba. Za a iya samun Saxifrages a gindin duwatsun, a kan dutse da kuma dutse mai kwari. Ya sami sunan ta don iyawarta ta zauna a cikin mafi ƙanƙantar fashe kuma a hankali ta rushe dutsen tare da tushen sa. Hakanan, ana kiran shuka "rata-ciyawa." A yanayin, yana girma a cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau na duk Arewacin Hemisphere kuma ana samun nasarar shuka shi a cikin lambuna a matsayin ƙasa.
Bayanin Botanical
Saxifrage shine tsiro mai tsatsa mai tsayi 5-70 cm. Suna da tsayi mai tsayi mai tushe. Dankin yana da ciyawa ta asalin, bakin asalinsa. Suna daga tushe, kuma suna samar da harbe har zuwa ƙasa. Sakamakon haka, sako-sako da ciyawa na tsiro cikin sauri.
Ana tattara ganyen Petiole a cikin kayan cikin muhimmi. Sun bambanta sosai a cikin wasu nau'in. Farantin fata mai launin fata ko fata mai fata na iya samun nau'ikan siffofi (m, ƙirar zuciya, mai kamannin lu'u-lu'u, cirrus). Akwai ganye mai santsi ko dan kadan. An fentin duhu kore, azir, mai ruwan shuɗi ko ruwan shuɗi. A hankali ana rufe ganyayyaki da farin kaya, ana lura dashi musamman a gefuna. A zahiri, waɗannan adibas ɗin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ne wanda shuka ta ɓoye shi.
A watan Mayu-Agusta, saxifrage an rufe shi da kananan furanni. Corolla na madaidaiciyar siffar akan kibiyoyi na tsaye zuwa 20 cm tsayi ana tattara su cikin bututun da aka sako. Sun ƙunshi furanni biyar tare da nuna alama, saboda haka suna kama da tauraro ko kararrawa mai buɗewa. Furanni suna yawan fentin fari, amma akwai rawaya, ruwan hoda da ja. Suna daɗaɗan ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Saxifrage yana lalata da kwari, amma kuma yana iya haifar da pollination na kansa tare da taimakon iska. A watan Satumba, an ɗaure 'ya'yan itatuwa - kwalaye masu seeded tare da kyawawan ƙananan oblong masu dimbin yawa.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Halittar tabbatarwa yana da bambanci sosai. Yana da nau'ikan sama da 450.
Arenda Saxifrages. Tsire-tsire suna samar da sabulu mai haske mai duhu har zuwa cm 20. leafan ƙaramin litattafan buɗe littattafai sun kasu kashi biyu. A watan Mayu-Yuni, furanni masu karamin tauraro masu launin fure suna yin fure. Tsire-tsire suna yin haƙuri ko da tsananin sanyi. Iri:
- Flamingo - fure tare da fure mai ruwan hoda;
- Fetigin kafet - inflorescences sako-sako da fararen kararrawa har zuwa 1 cm a diamita Bloom a kan karamin duhu kore shoot;
- M kafet - sandunan furanni da furanni kansu ana fentin su cikin burgundy ko shunayya, kuma asalin kwalliyar rawaya ce.
Saifar ingancin ita ce turfy. Yawancin furanni masu yawa kadan, amma sun bambanta a cikin turffen launin toka-kore mai girma wanda zai iya girma ko da ƙasa mai ɗan acidic. Iri:
- Kayayyakin - a watan Yuni an rufe shi da furanni ja;
- Rose Kenigen - fure mai haske mai haske mai haske mai haske.
Saxifraga paniculata. Tsirtaccen tsiro mai tsiro 4-8 cm kyawawan launuka masu launuka na ganyen ganye tare da gefuna da aka zana. Fenti ana fentin launin toka-kore ko launin shuɗi-mai haske. Paniculate inflorescences na rawaya, ja ko fari launuka fure daga tsakiyar kanti a kan dogon kibiya.
Saxifrage shine superfine. Ganyen duhu mai duhu mai duhu yana samar da matashin kai 30-60 cm tsayi .. Creeping mai tushe da sauri ya shimfiɗa kan nesa mai nisa. A Yuni, manyan manyan furanni Bloom tare da biyar zagaye petals. Lokacin da aka buɗe, suna launuka masu ruwan hoda, amma sannu-sannu sun zama masu launin shuɗi.
Saxifrage inuwa ce. Itatuwa mai ƙauna-inuwa har zuwa 20 cm tsayi tare da dukkan ganyen da aka yi amfani da su. Takaddun ganye masu kyau tare da gefuna mara kyau a ƙasa an rufe su da fatun shunayya. A Yuli panicle inflorescences tare da fararen kananan furanni Bloom sama da ganye rosettes. Asalin su shine shunayya.
Saifar ɗin daidai ce. Creeping branched harbe suna sosai densely an rufe shi da haske kore foliage. An yanke gefuna na ganye a dunƙule cikin bakin ciki, don haka matashin kankara mai kama yana kama da danshin farin gansakuka. A lokacin rani, furanni masu launin shuɗi-fari furanni akan furenni har tsawon 6 cm.
Sakamakon yadudduga mai zagaye yake. Wanda ke kwance a kasa yayi wani kauri mai kauri. An rufe shi da ganye mai zagaye na petiole. A farkon bazara, fararen furanni tare da ɗigo masu launin shuɗi a kan furannin fure a kan kibiyoyi har zuwa 40 cm tsayi. Shade-Hardy da tsire-tsire masu tsaurin sanyi.
Girma saxifrage daga tsaba
Tsarin Saxifrage ya kasance har zuwa shekaru uku. Kafin shuka, dole ne su kasance madaidaici. Don wannan, ana sanya tsaba hade da yashi a cikin firiji don kwanaki 15-20. Da farko an shuka su don shuka. A watan Maris, ana shirya kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa mai yashi da yashi. Isasa ta ƙone, kuma mafi ƙanƙanran tsaba da aka haɗe da yashi sun watse a farfajiya. Basu buƙatar binne su. An baza filayen kuma an rufe su da murfin rufewa.
Abubuwan fashewa suna bayyana bayan makonni 1-2. Seedlingsa'idodin seedlings da suka girma tare da ganye 2-4 sun nutse cikin tukwane na peat daban. A watan Mayu, ana fara fitar da seedlings da maraice don taurara. An dasa Saxifrages zuwa cikin bude ƙasa a farkon watan Yuni. Yana ƙaruwa sosai harbe, amma blooms gaba bazara.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
Creeping harbe kansu dauki tushe. Tushen ana kafa su a cikin axils na ganye dangane da ƙasa. Ya isa ya yanke tushe mai tushe daga shuka uwar, kuma, tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, a hankali watsa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri. Gaskiya a kan mai tushe, ana kafa safa na mata har ma ba tare da hulɗa tare da ƙasa ba. Suna girma Tushen m. A cikin bazara, an yanke harbi kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa.
Cutanɗana 5-10 cm tsayi an yanke su cikin yan damuna. Suna iya kafe a cikin ruwa ko yashi mai kwance da ƙasa. A cikin kaka, ana samun ƙaramin tsire-tsire cike da kwari, amma har yanzu ba a shirye don hunturu a gonar ba. An girma a cikin gida kuma kawai lokacin bazara mai zuwa ya watsa zuwa titin.
Shuka da kulawa a gida
Saxifrages suna da matukar rikitarwa da tsire-tsire marasa misaltawa. Suna girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kuma ana amfani dashi azaman ɗakin fure. Tsire-tsire suna haɓaka mafi kyau a wuraren da aka cika haske ko a inuwa m. An shirya rami mara zurfi don shuka a cikin lambu a nesa na 15-20 cm daga juna. Sakamakon yana daidaitawa da abin da ke cikin ƙasa, amma ya fi son sako-sako, waɗanda aka zubasu da kwandon ɗanɗano kaɗan. Tona ƙasa kafin dasa shuki tare da lemun tsami, tsakuwa, yashi da peat.
Furannin cikin gida ana shuka surar tsirrai 2-3 tare domin samun daji mai yalwa. Canza su kamar yadda ya cancanta, lokacin da furen ya zama a cikin tukunyar. Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka zaɓa mara ƙarfi ne, amma yayi faɗi sosai. Ba dole ba ne a zubar da pebbles, tubalin da aka fashe ko yumɓu mai yuwuwa a cikin ƙasa tare da lokacin farin ciki.
Yayin haɓaka aiki, mafi yawan zafin jiki na ingancin shine + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Don hunturu ana saukar da shi zuwa + 12 ... + 15 ° C. Yawancin nau'ikan da aka ba da shawarar sanyaya su a ƙasa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Idan ana kiyaye furanni na cikin gida a cikin hunturu, ƙarin haske yana da mahimmanci, in ba haka ba mai tushe zai shimfiɗa sosai.
Saxifrage yana jin daɗin yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, saboda haka ana buƙatar fesa sods lokaci-lokaci. Watering ne yake aikata ta hanyar yafa. Wajibi ne a jika kasar gona da kulawa domin kada ruwa ya yi tururi a tushen, kuma saman ya na da lokaci ya bushe. Saifar ta rufe ƙasa gaba ɗaya, don haka sako ba lallai bane don sako kusa da shi ba. Hakanan an sami nasarar hana ciyayi.
A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, ana amfani da takaddun alkama saxifrage sau biyu a wata. Yawancin lokaci canza kwayoyin tare da hadaddun ma'adinai. A cikin hunturu, ana ci gaba da saka miya, amma ana yin su ba sau da yawa (kowane watanni 1.5-2).
A shuka hibernates a cikin wani yanayi mai sanyi ba tare da tsari. Ko da wasu daga cikin harbe-daskare a lokacin tsananin sanyi mara sanyi, matasa harbe za su fito daga maki girma a farkon bazara da kuma kusa m m a ƙasa. Peduncles suna zaune shekara ɗaya kawai kuma bushe a cikin bazara.
An yanka furanni na cikin gida a cikin rabin a cikin bazara don adana daji na ado na tsawon lokaci. Amma a kowane hali, bayan shekaru 5-6, shuka yana buƙatar sake sabunta shi, tun da tushe na harbe suna shimfiɗa sosai kuma an fallasa su.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Tare da dampness mai yawa da kuma tsayayyen ruwa, saxifrage ya shafi mildew da tsatsa na tsintsiya. Abubuwan da ke kwance a ƙusoshin ƙira na iya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki. Don hana irin waɗannan cututtuka, ya zama dole a ajiye tsirrai a cikin ɗakunan bushewa da iyakance yawan ruwa. An yanke ganye da harbe masu lalacewa, sauran sassan kuma ana kula da su da "sulfate copper" ko fungicides.
Wani lokacin mites gizo-gizo, tsutsotsi da aphids suna zaune a cikin katako. Suna ɓoye da sauri isa bayan magani tare da maganin kashe kwari ("Aktara", "Pyrimor") ko maganin sabulu.
Yin amfani da Saxifrages
Tumbi mai launin shuɗi, wanda ruwan hoda da fararen furanni a kan dogo mai tsayi kamar na ɗan adam, ya dace wa filayen tsaunuka, tsaunukan tsaunuka da kuma yin kwalliyar masar. Saxifrages sauƙaƙe ado voids kuma ƙawata kan iyakoki. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin aikin lambun cikin gida da kuma matsayin shuka na ampel. Abokan hulɗa na tabbatarwa sun iya zama phlox, tiarella, lingonberry ko Jiananci.
An san shi da amfani da saxifrage azaman magani. Ganyenta sun ƙunshi yawan flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, acid Organic da coumarins. Ana ɗaukar kayan ado a matsayin rigakafin kumburi, anti-febrile da analgesic. Tare da taimakonsu suna maganin mashako, tarin cututtukan fata, gout, basur, kumburin fuka da cututtukan fata.
