Nephrolepis shine mai sihiri ko ƙasa daga zuriyar Davallian. Homelandazanta isan daji ne mai tsananin zafi a cikin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Afirka da Ostiraliya. Daga cikin furanni na cikin gida, nephrolepis ya mamaye matsayi mai kyau a kyakkyawa da amfani. Yana da sauri siffofin m Emerald thickets kuma, a karkashin sharadi gwargwado, na iya girma har zuwa 15% na kore taro a wata. A lokaci guda, ana ɗaukar fern a matsayin tsabtace iska ta gaske, yana kashe cuta, yana ɗaukar abubuwa masu cutarwa daga iska da samar da isashshen sunadarin oxygen.
Bayanin Shuka
Nephrolepis shine ƙarancin girma mai saurin girma. Yana da rhizome mai kauri sama-da-ƙasa, wanda akan samu ƙananan nodules masu tasowa wani lokaci. Ana rufe 'yan ƙwallon ƙanƙanin da keɓaɓɓun Sikeli. A cikin yanayin halitta, lokacin farin ciki yana girma cikin tsayi ta hanyar 1-3 m, amma a cikin yanayin dakin ana iyakance su da girman 45-50 cm.
Itatuwan ya ƙunshi ganye mai yanɗano, gajere da gazurukan kimanin cm 70. Suna girma a tsaye ko tanƙwara cikin baka a ƙarƙashin nauyinsu. Lines ko layi na triangular sun corrugated ko wavy gefuna da m m. Tsawon sashin mutum baya wuce cm 5. A gefe ɗaya na ganyayyaki, kwatankwacin ƙwayar tsakiya shine jijiyoyin ƙirar koda, wanda ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin mayafin shuɗi. Launin ganyayyaki na iya zama silan, koren bluish-ko kore-kore.
Ganyayyaki yana girma a cikin wadataccen taro kusa da ƙasa. Mai tushe a cikin hanyoyin sassauƙa kwance a kwance, mai kama da gashin-baki na innabi ko strawberries, shimfiɗa ƙasa tare da bunkasa sababbin wuraren ci gaba. Daga gare su, daga baya ci gaba guda lush bushes.
Iri na Nephrolepis
Halin halittar nephrolepis ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 20. Dukkansu sun dace da namo kamar gidan yara, amma akwai nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ƙaunatattun ke son su.
Nephrolepis an ɗaukaka shi. Ground ko epiphytic fern tare da tushen shimfidawa zuwa nisa cikin zurfin ƙasa. Ya gina manyan wurare da suka lalace. Furen ganye mai haske wanda bai wuce tsawon cm 70 ba ya ƙunshi sassan lanceolate har zuwa 5 cm tsayi. Suna da lafuzzan gefuna, wani yanki mai sheki da alamomin goge-goge a jikin bango. Iri:
- Nephrolepis Smith. Itace tare da ganye mai pinnate huɗu na launin koren launi mai kama da madaidaicin yadin da aka saka. Yayi kyau sosai a rataye filayen fure kuma yana da dimbin yawa, rataye fitila.
- Uwargida Green Fuskar. Leavesarancin madaidaitan ganye na launin koren haske mai ƙarfi ya fito da babban yanki mai tsayi. Openwork lobes tare da wayoyin gefuna da kuma isharar kududdufin suna kusa da juna kuma suna samar da ainihin maɓallin kore.
- Kasar Nephrolepis Boston. Fure mai fishi yana kafa vayi har zuwa tsawon m 1.2 tare da ganyayyaki masu ƙarfi. Gashinan sassan sassan suna juya ko an rufe su da raƙuman ruwa.
- Roosevelt Nephrolepis. Manyan vaiyas masu girma a tsaye masu launin kore mai haske sun ƙunshi bangarori da yawa tare da gefunan wuta.
- Nephrolepis Tiger. Abubuwan duhu masu duhu duhu an rufe su da kyawawan ratsi masu launin kore waɗanda ke shimfiɗa daga tsakiyar jijiya a cikin bangarorin biyu.
Farin cikin zuciyar Nephrolepis. A karkashin harbe harbe an rufe shi da kananan taso keya swellings cewa kama tubers. Wadannan swellings suna nannade cikin fararen fata ko na azurfa. M madaidaiciyar vaji tare da ja mai tsabta da inzari na nesa da kewaya da kuma ciyawar da ke kewaya masu girma da yawa. Akwai bangarorin da suke da fadi tare da gefunan da ke zagaye.
Nephrolepis shine xiphoid. Babban shuka wanda ya fi dacewa da gine-ginen jama'a, maimakon kananan ɗakunan rayuwa. Kirji ko kafaffun kafaɗɗunsa yayi girma 1-2.5 m tsawon. Kyakkyawan layi mai laushi na cikakken koren launi mai launi suna da gefuna masu fiɗa.
Yada yadawa
Nephrolepis za a iya yada shi ta hanyar spores da ciyayi. Shuka ƙwanƙwasa daga ɓarna lokaci ne mai aiki mai wahala, saboda haka ba wuya a yi amfani dashi. Haka kuma, nau'ikan kayan ado da yawa basu da yawa kuma basa haifar da 'ya'ya mai yiwuwa. Idan kun yi amfani da shuka, za ku iya yanke takarda tare da sihiri kuma ku tsaftace tsami tare da cokali a takarda. Suna bushe a wuri mai duhu a ɗakin zazzabi, sannan kuma an shuka shi.
Wajibi ne don shirya ƙaramin greenhouse wanda aka sanya peat wanda aka ɗora shi da ruwan zãfi. An sanya ƙananan spores a kan ƙasa tare da Layer na har zuwa 3 cm. Yayyafa a saman ba lallai ba ne. An fesa ƙasa kuma a kiyaye shi da zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 ° C da zafi mai ƙarfi. Ya kamata walƙiya ya yi rauni. Bayan makonni 1-2, lokacin farin ciki mai duhu kore mai kama da gansakuka zai bayyana. Wannan shine matakin farko na cigaban tsiro. A cikin babban zafi, da seedling za a hadu kuma, bayan wani watanni 2, matasa ferns za su ci gaba. Kawai yanzu ana iya rarrabe su a cikin kwantena daban na tsire-tsire 2-3. Ana ci gaba da haɓakawa a cikin wuri mai dumi, mai cike da ruwa.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
A kan gashin-baki mai sauƙin, ana buɗe ƙaramin harbe tare da buds waɗanda suka yi kama da ƙaramin bunch na ganye a koyaushe. Ba tare da rarrabe tsarin daga uwar uwa ba, an haƙa shi cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5-8 mm. An bar saman tare da ganye a farfajiya. Rooting yakan ɗauki makonni 1-2, wanda bayan haka yaran sun rabu kuma sun girma da kansu.
A lokacin bazara dasa, da karfi overgrown karfi bushes na nephrolepis za a iya raba. An cire tsire daga tukunya, an 'yantu daga wani ɓangaren y'ar ƙasa kuma a yanka a cikin guda da wuka mai kaifi. Kowane rabo ya sami maki girma 1-3. Dasa ne yake yi a cikin tukwane dabam. Tsire-tsire suna girma a yanayin zafi da zafi + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Delenki yana haɓaka sannu a hankali, tun da suka fara asalinsu kuma daga nan ne kawai suka fara fito da sababbin ganye.
Idan nau'in nephrolepis ya samar da tubers a kan Tushen, ana iya amfani dashi don haifuwa. Turanbi ya rabu da tushe kuma dasa a cikin matsakaici m, sako-sako da ƙasa. Bayan weeksan makonni, sproan huhu zai bayyana. Haɓakawa yana da jinkirin, amma inji shine ya gaji dukkan halaye masu ɗimbin yawa.
Kulawar Gida
Nephrolepis, ba kamar wasu manyan ferns ferns, ana ɗaukar shi mai ƙarancin unpreentious da tsire-tsire ba matsala. Duk da haka, saboda haka ya girma cikin sauri kuma yana da farin ciki tare da ganye mai laushi, wasu yanayi na wajibi ne.
Haske Zai fi kyau a kawar da tukwane daga taga (a wani ɓangaren inuwa ko kuma hasken da bai cika ba). Hasken rana kai tsaye akan ganyayyaki ya taho. A lokaci guda, Wajibi ne a samar da sa'o'in hasken rana a duk shekara tare da tsawon tsawon awowi 12-16. Kuna iya sanya tsire-tsire akan windowsills na gabas ko gabas na gabas. A lokacin rani, fitar da furanni a baranda.
Zazzabi Ko da a lokacin rani, yana da kyau kar a ɗaga sama da zafin jiki sama da + 22 ... + 25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, ƙwayoyin ferns suna girma a + 14 ... + 15 ° C. Mafi zafi cikin dakin, da yawan gumi ya kamata.
Haushi. Gumi bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 60% ba. Ya kamata a fesa Nephrolepis akai-akai da kuma wanka a cikin wanka. Idan ganyayyaki ya fara bushewa a gefuna, a matsayin farfadowa, ana sanya ferns a cikin akwataccen akwatin kifaye ko an rufe shi da m hula.
Watse. Ba shi yiwuwa a bushe ƙasa, ya kamata koyaushe a ɗan jika. A ranakun zafi, ana shayar da nephrolepis kowace rana tare da yalwar tsarkakakken ruwa. Ana zubar da ruwa mai yawan gaske daga sump. Lokacin sanyi, ana rage ruwa.
Takin Tun da fern yana girma cikin sauri, a cikin bazara da bazara yana buƙatar ciyar da shi sau 3-4 a wata. Yi amfani da mahaɗan ma'adinai na musamman don ferns ko tsire-tsire na kayan ado. An rage sashi ta hanyar sau 2-4.
Juyawa Ana yin fassarar ƙwayoyin cutar Nephrolepses kowace shekara sau 1-3. Yi amfani da tukwane da ba zurfi sosai ba. An shuka nau'ikan ganye tare da ganye mai laushi a cikin tukwane. Dole ne a zuba magudanar ruwa a ƙarshen tanki. Ba za ku iya ɗaukar tukunya mafi girma da sauri ba, in ba haka ba ƙasa za ta zama acidic ko tushen lalacewa zai ci gaba. Soilasa don dasa yakamata ta sami tsari mai haske da babban ƙarfin rai. Domin da tara dauki coniferous ƙasa, guda na peat da greenhouse ƙasar a daidai rabbai. Ba za a iya dasa tsire-tsire mai zurfi ba. Tushen tushe da ɓangare na rhizomes ya kamata su kasance a farfajiya.
Mai jan tsami. Kofin Emerald na nephrolepis kyakkyawa ne a cikin kansa kuma baya buƙatar gyara. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace tsabta da cire ruwan rawaya da bushe.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Nephrolepis yana da tsayayya da cututtukan shuka, amma yana iya fama da mamayar mama. Mafi sau da yawa, yana da damuwa da ƙwayar gizo-gizo, fararen fata ko aphid. Ba'a cika shan wahalar ciki. Karin kwari sun kaiwa hari ne kawai ga tsirran da ke tsaye akan titi ko kusa da wasu furanni masu kamuwa. Yanayin zafi yana da haɗari musamman idan iskar ta bushe. Cutar nephrolepis na taimaka wa maganin kashe kwari bisa ga umarnin maganin.
Za'a iya magance matsaloli da yawa ta hanyar canza yanayin tsarewa. Anan ne manyan matsalolin da masu noman fure ke fuskanta da mafitarsu:
- ganyen ganye bushewa - ya kamata a fesa tsire-tsire sau da yawa;
- Rage ruwa da ɗaukar ruwa suna ɗaukar isasshen ruwa;
- ganye rasa cikakken launi kuma ya zama translucent - shuka yana tsaye a wuri mai haske;
- launin ruwan kasa ko ganye mai rawaya - zafin jiki mai yawa;
- Rage gudu ko ci gaba a cikin bazara da bazara - rashin takin zamani, ƙasa mara kyau ko tukunya kusa.
Amfani da Fern
Nefrolepis fern cikakke ne ga gidajen mutane, ofisoshi da sauran cibiyoyin jama'a. Zai iya girma inda sauran furanni na cikin gida basu da wadataccen haske, kuma a lokaci guda girma da girma mai girma da girma kuma katako mai tsire-tsire.
Godiya ga yalwar ciyayi, nephrolepis ya cika iska tare da isashshewar oxygen kuma yana tsarkake shi daga kazanta, yana sha ba kawai dioxide dioxide ba, har ma wasu hayaƙi masu cutarwa ga mutane.
Dangane da shahararrun imani, yakamata a zauna a gidan mai kunya, mara tsaro. Zai ba da amana ga maigidan kuma ya kawo nasara a kasuwancin, yana kariya daga haɗari ko girman kai.
