Rudbeckia shine tsire-tsire na shekara ko na shekara-shekara daga dangin Aster. Ita yar asalin Arewacin Amurka ce. Ana bambanta furanni Daisy-kamar shuɗi masu launin rawaya da ƙirar convex mai mahimmanci. Saboda halayyar sifar sa, rudbeckia bako ce maraba a gonar. Yana fure fure mai ma'ana kuma yaci gaba, yana juyar da lambun fure zuwa tafkin zinari. Rudbekia ana kiranta da suna "rana hat" ko "Suzanne Black-eyed." Rudbeckia baya buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun. Wannan fure mai wuya zai faranta masu mallakar wuri guda har zuwa shekaru biyar.
Bayanin Botanical
Rudbeckia shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsini. Sosai mai tushe mai rauni sosai kuma aka rufe shi da gajere, m villi. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 50-200. Dukkanin ganyen da aka yanke ko kuma yadade ya ƙunshi kyawawan furanni ko kuma kwai na tsawon 5-25 cm. foarshen ƙananan ganye suna girma akan dogayen fure, babba kuma yana zaune da yawa a kan kara. Ganyayyaki suna akasin haka. A saman duhu kore bar bayyane taimako na tsaye veins.
A watan Yuli, saman kara yana tsawanta kuma ya juya zuwa cikin farfajiyar. Kwandon inflorescence ya yi fure a kai. Tare da gefen su ne furanni Reed furanni. Abubuwan fure suna lanƙwasa ƙasa sun zama launin rawaya, lemo, wani lokacin kuma ja. Tushen lush yana kunshe da furanni masu haɓakar furanni. An fentin su cikin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baki. Ya danganta da iri-iri, diamita na kwandon ya zama cm 3-15. Canza juna, furanni ya kasance akan bushes har sai sanyi.
A lokacin furanni, ƙanshin dadi mai ban sha'awa ya bazu akan furen. Yana jan hankalin ƙudan zuma, malam buɗe ido da sauran kwari masu fa'ida. Bayan pollination, akwatuna masu fa'idodi masu zagaye, wani lokacin tare da kambi, mai girma. Ya ƙunshi launuka masu zurfi, launuka masu launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa.
Nau'in rudbeckia
Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire kusan 40 a cikin halittar Rudbeckia. Dukkaninsu kayan ado ne kuma suna da kama da juna. 'Yan lambu sun rarrabe dabbobi ta hanyar zagayowar rayuwa. Don haka, rudbeckia na shekara-shekara yana wakilta ta waɗannan nau'ikan.
Rudbeckia mai gashi (shaggy). Dankin yana rayuwa sama da shekara biyu kuma ana shuka shi ta hanyar tsaba. Manyan furanni masu sauki ko jigon har zuwa 1 m masu tsayi suna rufe ganyayyaki marasa kan gado ko na fure-lanceolate. A kan harbe da kuma julged foliage akwai tari mai wuya. A lokacin fure, an rufe daji da yawa tare da inflorescences-kwanduna. Jerin launuka masu launin zinare masu launin zinare tare da fitila mai launin shuɗi. Girman daskararren ciki shine 10 cm.
- Ganyayyaki na kaka - tsire-tsire har zuwa 75 cm tsayi an yi wa ado da inflorescences tare da tagulla, launin ruwan kasa ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a kusa da launin ruwan kasa;
- Shaggy rudbeckia moraine - ya bambanta da nau'ikan da suka gabata a cikin filayen launin ja-launin ruwan kasa tare da gefen rawaya, wanda aka shirya a cikin layuka da yawa;
- Goldilocks - bushes 40-60 cm mai tsayi narke terryrescences orange tare da diamita na har zuwa 10 cm;
- Ganyen idanu - furanni tare da diski na zaitun-kore na fure a kan furannin fure a kan ciyayi har zuwa 70 cm tsayi;
- Cherry brandy rudbeckia - da inflorescence kunshi ja petals tare da jan veins a tsakiyar da kuma purplish-launin ruwan kasa core.
Rudbeckia sautin biyu ne. An rufe girman girman 25-70 cm mai duhu tare da ganye mai duhu lanceolate. Mai tushe da ganyayyaki an rufe su da tari mai launin shuɗi. Inflorescences tare da diamita na 6-8 cm ana rarrabe ta da ƙasa kaɗan convex core da kunkuntar petals, an fentin su a cikin launuka 2 masu bambanta. Sakamakon haka, ana iya ganin da'irar mai haske a kewayen cibiyar.
Perennial rudbeckia yana wakilta da waɗannan nau'in.
Rudbeckia ya watse. Wannan babban tsiron ya kai mita 2 a tsayi. M yadudduka cikakke mai tushe an rufe su da ganyen cirrus. A cikin inflorescences tare da diamita game da 10 cm, Reed furanni suna kafa layuka 1-3 na furanni masu launin rawaya mai haske. Tsarin tsakiyar elongated tsakiya ya ƙunshi fure mai launin tubular rawaya mai haske. Mashahurin nau'in rudbeckia na Zinare ya bambanta ta hanyar inflorescences na biyu ko na biyu har zuwa 10 cm.
Rudbeckia yana da hankali. Abubuwan da ke cikin farin ciki waɗanda aka fizge a cikin ɓangaren babba suna girma zuwa 60 cm a tsayi. Suna ganye lanceolate. Inflorescences har zuwa 9 cm a diamita Bloom a tsakiyar lokacin bazara.Yawan ganyen Orange ana lanƙwasawa baya, kuma cibiyar a cikin nau'in ƙwallon lush an fentin cikin shuɗi mai duhu.
Daskararre rudbeckia. Itace mai girma har zuwa 2-2.5 m high an rufe shi da ganyen lanceolate na zaitun tare da daskararren ƙasa. A gefuna cikin ganyayyaki suna serrated. Inflorescences tare da kananan kararraki sunyi kama da ƙananan rana suna da diamita na 12-15 cm.
Noma
Rudbeckia yaduwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine ya fi zama ruwan dare. Yana da mahimmanci musamman ga shekara-shekara, amma ba a yadu da nau'in terry ta iri daban-daban. A cikin ƙasa buɗe, ana shuka tsaba ne kawai a cikin ƙasa mai-warmed (ƙarshen Mayu-Yuni). An binne su da mm 5-10 a cikin ramuka a nesa na cm cm 2. Bayan makonni 2-3 harbe za su fito, kuma a ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara na fure kore zai samar, wanda za'a iya dasa shi a cikin dindindin. Ana sa ran shuki na kwarara a shekara mai zuwa.
Don girma annuals da zai faranta wa furanni furanni a farkon shekarar, an fara shuka seedlings. Don yin wannan, a ƙarshen Maris, ana shuka tsaba a cikin yashi da peat ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5 mm. Fesa ƙasa da ruwa kuma ku rufe kwalaye da tsare. Suna ɗauke da su a zazzabi + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ana cire Condensate a kai a kai daga matsuguni, ana yayyafa amfanin gona. Otsan buɗe ido suna bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-15, bayan haka an cire tsari. Lokacin da growa thean tsiro suka girma ganye na 2 na gaskiya, an daskare shi cikin kwalaye tare da nisan 3-5 cm ko a cikin tukwane na peat dabam. A farkon Mayu, a kan rana mai zafi, ana fitar da seedlings awanni da yawa a kan titi ko baranda don hardening.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
Perennial rudbeckia za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji. Wannan hanya har ma ta zama dole ga tsire-tsire sama da shekaru biyar. A farkon bazara ko a cikin tsakiyar kaka, an haye daji kuma ya watse cikin sassa da hannu. An katse hanyoyin ƙasa a ƙasa tare da ruwa. A sakamakon karamin delenki ana dasa nan da nan a cikin wani sabon wuri tare da sabo duniya a cikin m rami. Nisa tsakanin su ya dogara da nau'in kuma shine 25-40 cm.
Saukowa da kulawa
Ana shuka ƙwayar Rudbeckia a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu. A inji shi ne unpretentious ga abun da ke ciki na ƙasa, amma yana buƙatar haske mai haske. A gareshi, zabi bude hasken rana ko kuma wani yanki mai haske sosai. Kafin dasawa, sun tono ƙasa. An haɗa yashi da tsakuwa a cikin ƙasan yumɓu masu nauyi, da gari mai dolomite ko alli zuwa ƙasa mai acidic. Don haɓaka haihuwa, ƙasa tana haɗe da takin.
Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ramuka mara nisa a nesa na 30-40 cm daga juna. A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, karbuwa ba tare da ƙarin ƙoƙari ba zai wuce da sauri. A kan hadari mai sanyi, kwanaki masu sanyi, an rufe rudbeckia da lutrasil don dare a cikin mako. Bayan dasa, ƙasa tana birgima, an shayar da ita tare da takin zuwa tsawan 8 cm.
Kula da rudbeckia a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi ne. Dankin yana buƙatar a shayar da shi akai-akai domin ƙasa ba ta bushewa da yawa, amma kuma baya yin fadama. Ana yin ruwa ta hanyar yayyafa da safe ko a yamma.
Kusa da tsire-tsire matasa, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a kai a kai kuma cire ciyayi. Ana ɗaura nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa. Daga cikin iska mai ƙarfi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, mai tushe zai iya fashewa.
A farkon bazara, ana ciyar da bushes tare da takin ma'adinan hadaddun. A kan kasa mara kyau a ƙarshen Mayu, an ƙara ƙarin cakuda nitrophosphate tare da potassium sulfate. A lokacin rani, suna ciyar da abinci tare da bayani na daskararren taki.
Kamar yadda furanni suke so, an yanka inflorescences zuwa farkon ganye. Don haka zaku iya tayar da fure mai tsayi da yawa, haka kuma ku hana shuka. A cikin kaka, ɓangaren ƙasa ya bushe kuma an yanke shi zuwa ga asalin sa. A cikin hunturu, a tsakiyar Rasha, an rufe ƙasa da ganye da rassa. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata ka jefa ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara a kan shimfiɗar fure. A lokacin bazara, an cire matsugunai kuma a haƙa haɗe don tsallake ruwa narke.
Rudbeckia yana da tsayayya da cututtukan tsire-tsire da kwaro. A lokuta da dama ne kawai ke samun mildew powdery. Wajibi ne a datsa hanyoyin da abin ya shafa tare da bi da su ta hanyar shirye-shiryen sulfur. Idan furen ya ci karo da nematodes, yi amfani da mahadi na musamman daga wannan m kuma yi ƙoƙarin ware shukar da abin ya shafa daga sauran.
Yin amfani da rudbeckia
Manyan rawaya, lemo ko ruwan leda akan ciyayi mai ƙyalli suna kama da ban sha'awa. Ana iya dasa su cikin rukuni a tsakiyar tsakiyar Lawn, tare da tsare ko shinge. Wuri mai haske mai haske koyaushe zai jawo hankalin mutane. A cikin gonar fure mai hade, rudbeckia an haɗe shi da ageratum, Chrysanthemum, aster, lobelia, echinacea, monarda, chamomile da lobularia. Furanni suna da kyau a yanka kuma suna tsaye a cikin kayan ado na dogon lokaci.
Tushen da ciyawa na rudbeckia suna da kaddarorin magani. Ko da Indiyawa na Arewacin Amurka tare da taimakonta sun kawar da daskararru, tarin cututtukan hanji da ciwon makogwaro. A waje, ana amfani da kayan ado domin warkar da raunuka, magance farji da kumburin mahaifa. Hakanan, ɗaukar kayan ado a ciki yana ƙara juriya na damuwa kuma yana kawar da gajiya.
