Bayanin - ganye mai narkewa tare da m, ganye mai kauri. 'Yan gidan Gesneriaceae ne kuma suna zaune a Mexico, Brazil da Antilles. A cikin ƙasar, bayanin yana girma kamar fure na gida. Yana siffofin m bushes ko dogon cascades a cikin cache-tukunya. Don sabon tsari akan ganyayyaki da launinsu, wani lokaci ana kiran tsire mai suna "harshen wuta" ko "peacock flower." Baya ga kanti mai yawa na ganyayyaki masu kwalliya, kwatancin ya gamshi da furanni masu kyau. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda ke ba da izini ga zaɓi ya zaɓi mafi kyawun haɗin tsarin da aka fi so a cikin ganyayyaki da furanni.
Bayanin Shuka
Episia yanki ne mai tsafta wanda ke da kaushi mai kauri Tsawon tsirrai ya zama 15-20 cm, girman shekara yana ƙarami. Ana aiwatar da lamuran Lateral akan harbe, kuma akan tuntuɓar ƙasa, shuka yana da tushe sosai. Tushen tsarin bayanin ana wakilta ta bututun ƙarfe wanda ke hade da gashin-baki a kwance.
Babban ado na shuka shine babban ganye. Suna girma a kan petioles gaban, samar da wata mai girma da alama Rosette. Farantin takarda mai kyau tare da ɗakin kwana ko gefen wuta yana ƙare da ƙarshen nuna. An rufe shi da tsarin taimako na jijiya ko ma, tare da jijiya daya. Ganyen yana tsiro cm 5-20 a tsayi, kuma tsawon cm 3 - 3 cm 6. Fuskar ganye mai yawan gaske na iya zama yakasance tare da gajeren laushi ko kuma ya kasance mai laushi. Launi na ganyayyaki ya dogara da nau'in halittu, yana da rarrabe sosai. Akwai tsire-tsire tare da ganyen-zaitun-monophonic ko ganyayyaki, tare da iyaka mai ban mamaki da tsinkaye. Fleshy foliage ya zauna a kan harbe har tsawon shekaru, don haka shuka ba ya zama tsirara kuma yana riƙe da sakamako na ado na dogon lokaci.
Ba wai ganye kawai yana jawo hankalin su ba. Her furanni masu kyau na fure a cikin Mayu kuma ya wuce har zuwa Satumba. Suna da siffar tubular tare da furanni biyar waɗanda aka raba a gefuna kuma an ƙarfafa su sosai. Furanni ana fentin shuɗi, ruwan hoda, lemo, rawaya ko fari. Tsawon bututun fure shine cm 3, tare da nisan kimanin 1.5 cm cm Furanni shima yana da ƙasa. A cikin wasu nau'in, an rufe gefuna na fure tare da dogon cilia. Furanni suna yin fure akan gajeru, maɓallin tsintsiya a cikin ganyen ganye, ko a tara ɗaya ko a tattara a cikin kungiyoyi na ofanyen 2-4.
Iri Bayani
Halittar bayanin ba ta da yawa, tana dauke da manyan nau'ikan 12 ne kawai. Uku daga cikinsu sun shahara musamman.
'Ya'yan garkuwa suna cikin jiki. Itataccen tsire-tsire tare da m harbe tasowa ganye rosettes tare da fleshy, m ganyen wani uniform launi. Tsawon takardar bai wuce 3 cm ba kuma faɗin of 2 cm. In mun gwada da manyan furanni guda ɗaya da siffar gramophone suna fenti. An rufe gefuna na furannin, kamar yanki, tare da dogon cilia. Tsawon bututu da diamita na fure kusan cm 5. Fitar ruwa yana faruwa a watan Yuni-Satumba.
Bayanin shine jan karfe. Wannan ra'ayi yana da girman da ya fi girma fiye da na baya. Ganyayyaki kusan 6-15 cm tsayi kuma 5-10 cm fadi mafi yawan lokutan ɗoki da fentin a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi-jan karfe. Tsarin tsauraran mawuyacin hali yana tare da jijiyoyin. A watan Yuli-Satumba, furanni guda masu fure tare da diamita har zuwa 25 mm. Yawancin lokaci ana fentin su da jan launin rawaya a cikin bututu. Iri:
- Sheen azurfa - ganye mai laushi-kore mai laushi kewaye da gefen suna da tsari mara kyau-launin shuɗi, furanni-ja;
- Blue Nile - a kan ganye mai launin ruwan kasa-kore a tsakiyar zaitun "itacen Kirsimeti", fure tare da furanni lavender;
- Topaz mai ruwan hoda - ganye mai laushi tare da tsakiyar ruwan hoda mai ƙyalƙyali da kuma kunkuntar zaitun tare da gefen;
- Kyakkyawan gandun daji - ya girma ganye mai haske-kore mai duhu da fure furanni;
- Chocolate Soja - kusan duk saman ganyen an zana shi da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da shimfiɗar shuɗi-shuɗi masu yawa, fure a launuka maroon.
A bayanin ne creeping. Tsarin herbaceous perennial an bambanta shi da tsayin daka mai tushe. Suna girma ganyayen zaitun masu feshi da yawa cm cm 8 kuma kusan faɗin cm cm. A watan Yuli-Satumba, furanni guda na axil sun yi fure tare da fure mai ruwan hoda. Mafi dacewa don noman ampel.
Shuka shuka
Bayanin za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, yan itace da kwandon shara. Ba a taɓa yin amfani da yaduwar iri ba. Yana da Dole a shirya karamin akwati tare da yashi da peat ƙasa. An rarraba ƙananan ƙananan kan farfajiya kuma an matse su cikin ƙasa tare da mai mulki. Akwatin an rufe shi da fim kuma a sanya shi cikin ingantaccen ɗumi mai ɗumi. Ana yin ƙasa a kai a kai kuma an yayyafa shi. Seedlingsan tsire-tsire masu lahani suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 10-30. Bayan haka, an cire mafaka kuma ana shuka ƙwayoyi a ƙarƙashin haske na yanayi da zazzabi na + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Seedlings ci gaba wajen sannu a hankali. Lokacin da suka girma ganye na ainihi 2, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙananan tukwane na mahimman bayanai guda biyu tare. A cikin shekarar farko, ba a sa ran fure ba.
Mafi inganci kuma hanya mai dacewa wacce ake haifuwa shine tushen yara. An kafa su kullun akan gashin-baki mai sauƙin kai. Soanan ƙananan kwanduna tare da ƙararraki 3-4 galibi suna rataye daga fis daga kan bakin da ke bakin ciki (antennae). Irin wannan safa ba tare da matakan gewaye an yanke shi kuma an kafe shi cikin ruwa. Kuna iya sanya shi a ƙasa a cikin tukunya mai kusa ba tare da rabuwa da itaciyar uwa ba. Furanni suna ɗauke da hasken yanayi da kuma zafin jiki + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Bayan sati daya, an kafa tushen ku kuma ana iya raba mafita.
Itatattun apical 5-10 cm tsawo tare da nodes 1-2 kuma suna da tushe sosai. Bayan rabuwa, an sanya su cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, kuma tare da samuwar Tushen ana dasa su cikin tukwane na ƙaramin diamita tare da ƙasa mai kwance.
Shuka da kulawa a gida
Sanarwar ana ɗaukar furen fure da ke buƙatar ɗan kulawa. Ya dace da lambu tare da ƙwarewar matsakaici.
Saukowa An zaɓi tukunya mai ƙyalli amma mai fadi tare da kunkuntar bangarorin don shuka. Tun da furen yayi girma da sauri, wani lokacin ana dasa shi sau biyu a shekara. Shouldasan tanki yakamata yana da ramuka na magudanar ruwa. Hakanan ana zubar da yumbu da aka fashe ko kuma bulo mai ja. Kafin dasawa, ana rarraba shayar da abinci a tukunyar a hankali. An cire sashin ƙasa kuma ana bincika tushen don lalatar. Yankunan da aka lalata suna yanke kuma suna bi da su da gawayi.
Kasar don dasa yakamata ya zama mai sako kuma mai da, tare da ɗan acidic ko kuma tsaka tsaki. Don hadawa na gaurayawan ƙasa suna ɗaukar takarda ƙasa, peat da yashi. Don hana haɓaka ƙwayar naman gwari, ƙara gawayi da moss-sphagnum.
Haske Siffar, musamman iri tare da ganye mai laushi mai duhu, yana buƙatar haske, ya shimfiɗa haske. Ba za ku iya sanya fure a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Ana sanya tsire-tsire akan windows windows da yamma, har ma a cikin zurfin dakin kudu. Za a sami haske kaɗan a kan taga ta arewa kuma dole ne a yi amfani da fitilar.
Zazzabi Mafi yawan zafin jiki na iska shine + 20 ... + 25 ° C duk shekara. A cikin kwanakin zafi, dakin yana samun iska mai iska, amma yana kiyaye furen daga zayyana. Yin sanyi a ƙasa + 18 ° C ba a yarda da shi ba.
Haushi. Wurin haifuwa na kwatancin yanki ne na wurare masu zafi da ƙasa, don haka tana ƙaunar babban zafi. A lokaci guda, baza'a iya baza ganyayen tsiro ba; Ruwa bazai shiga cikin ƙasa ba. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin wanka da hankali ba.
Watse. Sanarwar tana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun don ƙasa ta kasance koyaushe dan kadan m, amma ba tare da stagnation na ruwa. Ruwa da tsirrai ta cikin kwanon rufi ko a ƙarshen tukunyar. Ruwa kada ya shigo hulɗa tare da harbe da ganyayyaki. Dole ne ruwan ya kasance mai dumu dumu da tsabtace shi sosai.
Taki. A watan Maris-Oktoba, ana cin abinci sau da kullun sau biyu a wata. Maganin ma'adinai na duniya na duniya an gabatar dashi cikin ƙasa. Sashi na suturtawa ya ragu.
Mai jan tsami. Ampel tsire yana nunawa ta hanyar bayyanar da hankali da kuma kara daga tushe. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, kuna buƙatar yanke kullun zuwa rabi. Ana yin daskarewa a cikin bazara da bazara. Duk da wannan, kowace shekara 4-5, ana sake sabunta bushes ɗin.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Lokacin da magudanan ruwa da saukad da ruwa suka shiga ganyayyaki, cututtukan fungal zasu iya haɓaka. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar daidaita fasaha na aikin gona, cire mai tushe mai lalacewa kuma ku kula da tsirran. Scales, thrips, aphids, whiteflies da mealybugs wani lokacin suna zaune harbe ko mai tushe. Daga cikin kwari, ana yin magani na kashe kwari. Aerosol ko foda foda ya kamata a fifita.
Lokacin aiwatar da hawan girma, matsaloli da yawa na iya tashi wanda za'a iya magance shi ta hanyar gyara kulawa:
- samuwar launin ruwan kasa a jikin ganyayyaki - magudanar ruwa da ruwan sanyi ma ban ruwa;
- yellowing ganye - allurai na shuka iri, hasken rana kai tsaye;
- bayyanar launin toka a kan ganye - ƙasa mai acidic, cututtukan fungal;
- rashin fure - bushewa na yau da kullun na substrate, wuce haddi na takin nitrogen, isasshen hasken wuta.
