Cosmea wata ciyawa ce mai cike da ciyawa mai fure mai cike da haske da furanni masu girma. Ya kasance ga dangin Astrov. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, an yi gadaje masu fure tare da nau'in kwalliya na ado na ƙarni da yawa, amma an fara gano shi a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Ba abin mamaki ba ana kiran cosmea "Aster na Mexico", "cosmos", "ado", "kyakkyawa". Wannan tsire-tsire marasa tsinkaye mai haske yana da matukar dacewa ga lambu ko ƙwarewa ko aiki mai yawa. Wasu nau'ikan hunturu cikin nasara a yankuna na kudu, amma a tsakiyar Rasha, ana yin kwalliyar kwalliya a matsayin shekara-shekara, tana canza tsarin furenta a shekara.
Bayanin Shuka
Cosmea wata ciyawa ce ta shekara-shekara ko tazarar fure tare da bakin ciki, mai tsayayye mai tushe sosai tare da tsawon tsawon. Tsayinta ya kai cm 50-150. An rufe firam mai launin shuɗi mai haske mai laushi da launuka masu launin shuɗi. Fushin bude littafi mai tsaurin ra'ayi yayi girma akan su, wanda, tare da mai tushe, samar da itace mai yaduwa mai kama da kumfa mai iska. Yankin ganye kusa da dogon zangon yana da m tare da nuna baki ko bakin ciki, mai kama da allura mai laushi.
Cosmea fure yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon sanyi. A cikin ɓangare na sama na ayyukan shine corymbose ko paniculate inflorescences. Kowane furanni kwando ne mai girman gaske wanda ke da tsini mai nauyin 6-12 cm. Yana da furenn fure mai cike da furanni mai launin toka na launin baƙi ko duhu mai duhu. Rawaya mata masu launin shuɗi sun tashi sama da shi. Babbar ɗin na iya zama lebur ko mai sihiri. An gyara shi da ɗaya ko fiye na layin fure mai launin shuɗi tare da zinariya, ja, fari, ruwan hoda ko furannin shunayya. Itatuwan fure mai girbi na iya girma tare a cikin jirgin ruwa mai filafila ko samar da ƙarin morean wasa na ado.
Tsire-tsire suna keɓewa ta hanyar kwari, bayan wannan bushe achenes tare da busassun crest ripen. Elongated duhu launin ruwan kasa tsaba riƙe germination har zuwa shekaru uku.
Irin lambun
Kabilar cosmea ba su da yawa sosai. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan 24. A cikin al'adar, ana amfani da manyan nau'ikan 3 da babban adadin nau'in ado.
Cosmea wanda aka zana shi sau biyu. Sanannen sanannen lambu ana rarrabe shi da bakin ciki, dill ko allura-kamar ganyen kore mai haske ko launi mai zaitun. Tsawon tsirrai mai tsayi sosai shine cm 80-150. A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren harbe, an samar da inflorescences - kwanduna tare da diamita na 7-10 cm Kowannensu yana girma a kan tsintsiya madaurinki daban-daban. An rufe cibiyar convex tare da manyan adon shuɗi. A gefen gefuna akwai furanni masu launin shuɗi, masu ruwan hoda, jan launi ko launin fari mai-fari. Yatsin layin katako mai tsayi yana da katanga ko zagaye. Iri:
- Buɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa - filayen filli suna ƙare da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara mai fure tare da fadi, gangaren triangular;
- Radiance - filayen kwalliya suna faɗaɗa zuwa gefen, suna haifar da ci gaba da da'irar, kusa da cibiyar akan petals akwai wani wuri mai banbanci.
Cosmea sulfur mai rawaya. The thermophilic iri-iri yana da denser branched harbe an rufe shi da cirrus-dissected foliage. Kowane ɗayan ɓangarorin takardar suna da fadi. An fentin su a cikin duhu kore. An gama ciyawar har zuwa 1.5 m ta furanni mai haske mai haske tare da inci mai har zuwa cm 5. Babban ya fi girma kuma ya cika maƙil fiye da nau'in da ya gabata. Ya ƙunshi furanni tubular zinariya tare da an duhu shuɗe-baki. A inflorescence aka kewaye da corrugated mai haske orange petals tare da wavy gefen. Iri:
- Bilbo - fure-mai-ruwan-fure na furanni biyu-fure a kan mai tushe kusan 50 cm;
- Diablo - fure mai haske mai sauƙin haske.
Cosmea jini ne ja. A iri-iri kama sabon abu, godiya ga manyan furanni da maroon petals da wani kusan baki ci. Farjin danshi yana matte, kamar dai kayan mara kyau ne. A lokacin furanni, ƙanshin cakulan mai daɗi ya shimfiɗa kan furen. A ƙarƙashin furanni a kan mai tushe sune kore mai duhu, ganye mara laushi.
Kwanan nan, an sami nau'ikan da yawa tare da furanni masu lush waɗanda ke haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin sunan terry cosmea. A cikin rarrabuwa na hukuma, wannan ƙungiyar ba a wakilta ta dabam ba. Koyaya, yana da mashahuri sosai tsakanin masu lambu. Iri:
- Ladybug - daji har zuwa 30 cm tsayi blooms tare da rawaya, ja ko lemun tsami sau biyu inflorescences tare da diamita na har zuwa 7 cm;
- Zinare mai Rana - furanni mai launin shuɗi mai haske akan ƙaramar emamal;
- Kwarin Pink - light inflorescences mai ruwan hoda tare da diamita na har zuwa 10 cm ya ƙunshi layuka da yawa, ya taqaituwa zuwa tsakiyar fure.
Cosmei namo
A cikin yanayi mai zafi, ko da perenni kosmey ana horar dashi azaman shekara-shekara, sabili da haka, ana ɗaukarsa azaman hanyar araha ce ta zuriyarta. An ba da izinin shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a buɗe ko kuma seedlings yayi girma. Lokacin da shuka ƙwayar kwalliya a cikin lambu, fure zai fara ba a farkon ƙarshen Yuli. Da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, shirya ramuka m. An rarraba tsaba a cikin rukunan 3-4 inji mai kwakwalwa. tare da nisa na 30-40 cm. Sun rufe har zuwa zurfin cm 1 Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da ƙasa a hankali. Bayan haka, ana kula da seedlings kamar yadda tsire-tsire. Sai kawai da farko, yin ruwa ya kamata ka mai da hankali kada ka wanke tsire-tsire daga ƙasa. Yayi kauri wurare da bakin ciki kadan.
Tare da haɓaka wuri guda, cosmea yana ba da yalwar shuka. A wannan yanayin, ba lallai ba ne a shuka shi musamman a cikin bazara, tunda ƙananan tsire-tsire matasa dole ne su fito da kansu. Ya isa ya fitar da su kuma su ba plantings yadda ake so.
Idan kun fara girma seedlings, to, za a iya fara ganin farkon farawar fure a farkon Yuni. Don wannan, ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye m tare da cakuda yashi-peat a cikin kwanakin farko na Maris. An dan dan dan matsa kadan ne a cikin kasar domin haske ya mamaye saman zuriyar. Zazzabi a cikin dakin ya kamata + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 1-2. Lokacin da growa growan tsiran suka girma kadan, ana lomar da su cikin wani akwati tare da nesa na cm cm 10-15 Bayan nutsewar, ana tura cosmea zuwa ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 16 ... + 18 ° C.
Hakanan za'a iya yadu da perennials ta tubers da cuttings. Tubers ana dug sama a cikin fall, da kuma raba duk ajiyan hunturu a cikin ginshiki a cikin rigar sawdust. A cikin bazara ana shuka su a gonar. An yanka yankan kuma kafe a cikin ƙasa a lokacin bazara.
Saukowa da kulawa
Seedlings an matsar da su zuwa ga bude ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da haɗarin dawo da daskararru a ƙarshe ya ɓace. Duk nau'ikan kwalliya ba sa yin haƙuri da yanayin zafi, kuma ƙananan tsire-tsire sun fi kulawa da tsintsiyar sanyi. Lokacin dasawa, tsayin tsirrai ya isa 6 cm ko fiye.
Cosmey mafi kyau a dasa a cikin yankin, yanan yankin. Draarfin daɗaɗɗun iska da iska mai ƙarfi na iya karya mai tushe mai kauri. A kasar gona ya zama ya zama na matsakaici na gina jiki da haske, ba tare da stagnation na ruwa. Mafi kyawun tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗanar acid. A ƙasa mai ƙarancin ciyawa, ciyawar za ta bunkasa da kyau, kuma fure zai ragu.
An shirya ramuka mai zurfi don dasa tare da tazara dangane da tsayin nau'ikan (kimanin 30 cm cm). Bayan dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da kyau. Ga manyan maki, ya kamata ka yi la'akari da garter ko goyan baya nan da nan. Tuni yanzu zaku iya tono sanduna sannan ku zana igirorin. Don yin mai tushe reshe mafi kyau, tsunkule su.
Cosmea baya riƙe danshi da kyau, saboda haka kuna buƙatar shayar dashi sau da yawa kuma yalwatacce. A cikin kwanaki masu zafi, sau 1-2 a mako, ana zubar da bokiti 4 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji. Ya kamata a kwance ƙasa a kai a kai don karya ɓawon burodi mai yawa bayan ruwa. Hakanan kuna buƙatar cire ciyawa. A cikin kananan tsire-tsire, ci gaban su yana raguwa sosai daga rinjayensu.
Tun daga farkon lokacin rani, sau 1-2 a wata ana hadi da kayan kwalliya na fure ("Bud"). Maganin ba wai kawai an zuba a cikin ƙasa ba ne kawai, har ma ana yayyafa shi a saman ganyayyaki. Ma'adinai na gargajiya ko na kayan gargajiya ana yin su ne da yawa a lokutan lokacin (Agricola, superphosphate, taki iri). Irin wannan taki wajibi ne kawai a kan kasa kasa.
Don fure na dogon lokaci, yana da shawarar zuwa nan da nan datse infilrescences. Sannan sabbin buds zasu bayyana a wurin su. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, don adana kwalliya na hunturu, a ƙarshen kaka, cire ɓangaren ƙasa zuwa ƙasa ko barin moreasa da tsirrai na 10-15 cm. An rufe su da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer na fadi ganye da spruce rassan. A farkon bazara, ya kamata a cire tsari don kada sprouts din suyi kuka. A cikin ƙarin yankuna na arewacin, an haye gonar fure kuma an cire dukkan sassan shuka a tsakiyar kaka.
Amfanin cosmea shine karfinta mai karfi da kuma juriya ga cututtukan fata. A cikin matsanancin tsire-tsire masu yawa, katantanwa kuma slugs wasu lokuta zauna. An tattara su ta hannu, kuma sun watsu a ƙasa azaman shinge mai shinge da ƙuraje ƙura.
Amfani da Shuka
Abubuwan furanni masu buɗe ido da furanni masu ƙyalli suna kama da kyan gani a ko'ina. Cosmey za'a iya sauka a kan titi tare da shinge, a kan tsare, a cikin lambun fure. Aroari mai daɗin ƙarancin kwalliya ya shimfiɗa akan kwanduna mai haske. An haɗa shi da bushes da bishiyoyi, kuma an dasa tsakanin gadaje kayan lambu. A cikin yanayin na ƙarshe, kyakkyawa kuma yana kawo fa'idodi. Yana maida gonar ta zama lambun fure kuma a lokaci guda tare da ganyayyaki masu ƙarancin kariya suna kiyaye kayan lambu daga zafin rana. A lokaci guda, isasshen haske ya ratsa ta hanyar yadin.
A kan gadon furen, itaciyar ba ta da m. An haɗu da Cosmey da daisies, mallow, lilies, geraniums, asters, calendula, alissum, cloves, salvia ko karrarawa. Lokacin zabar wani wuri da maƙwabta a cikin flowerbed, ana la'akari da launi na furanni da tsawo na shuka. Hakanan za'a iya dasa shi a cikin furannin furanni kuma a kawo shi cikin dakin don hunturu.
