Eucharis shine tsire-tsire mai bulbous na fure daga dangin Amaryllis. An samo shi a Tsakiyar da Latin Amurka. Yawancin nau'in jinsunan suna zaune a Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma a yammacin Amazon, saboda haka wani lokaci ana kiran eucharis "Lily na Amazon." A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, shuka yana girma kamar fure mai na cikin gida. M da mai salo eucharis blooms manyan dusar ƙanƙara-fararen furanni, kuma a lokacin ɓataccen lokacin tana jin daɗin '' tsiran '' tsiran ', wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu noman furanni.
Bayyanar
Eucharis shine mai shuka, mai tsiro. Ciyawarta mai ciyawa mai tsayi tare da tsawon 40-60 cm sifa mai yaɗuwar fitila. Ana wakiltar rhizome ta babban zagaye ko kwan fitila mai ƙwaya tare da diamita na kusan cm cm 8. Oval duhu fliage mai haske tare da farfajiya mai ƙanshi yana girma a cikin nau'in rosette daga ƙasa kanta. Ganyayyaki suna da dogon kafaffen petioles. Gaba ɗaya, ganyayyaki 2-7 sun girma daga kwan fitila guda ɗaya, ba tsayi sama da 55 cm ba kuma faɗin faɗin cm cm 20. A fili ake jijiyoyin saukar ungulu na taimako a zahiri.
Eucharis na fure a mafi yawan lokuta a watan Fabrairu da Afrilu. Dogon fulawa mai bakin ciki har zuwa 80 cm tsayi daga tsakiyar kwan fitila .. An kawata saman ta da karsashin farin ciki, ya ƙunshi 3-10. Furanni Bloom bi da bi. Kowannensu yana da dogaye, daɗaɗɗen bututu tare da m, furannin furanni. An nuna gefuna. An shirya furanni shida a cikin matakan 2. A tsakiyar wata kambi da aka haɗa tare da tambura waɗanda ke girma zuwa gare ta. Kowane fure yana rayuwa har zuwa kwanaki 10. Abubuwan furanninsa suna fentin fari, kuma kambi tare da stamens na iya siye shuɗi ko launin shuɗi.
Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen - fleshy uku-jam'iyya kwalaye iri da kananan elongated tsaba. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, ana maimaita fure 1-2 sau sau a cikin shekara.
Iri Eucharis
A cikin halittar eucharis, masana kimiyya sun bambanta kusan nau'ikan tsire-tsire 20. Uku daga cikinsu sun shahara musamman.
Eucharis yana da girma-flowered. Mafi shahararren shuka a tsakanin masu shuka fure suna samar da kwararan fitila tare da nisan cm 3-6. Ganyayyaki masu santsi tare da dogayen sanduna ana zanen su a cikin duhu kore. Uwar tsummoki 3 of 3-white snow-white with a diamita na kusan cm 12 fure a kan wani shinge mai shinge 60-80 cm. Furancin yana daɗaɗa ƙanshi mai daɗin ji. Fararen furanni sun kewaye wata kambi mai launin shuɗi-kore tare da manyan zuriya masu launin ruwan kasa. Fulawa na iya faruwa a ƙarshen bazara, bazara da farkon hunturu.
Eucharis fari ne. Itaciya tare da kwan fitila mai siffar kwai har zuwa 5 cm a diamita na girma yaduwa, petiolate ya bar 40 cm tsayi kuma ba ya fi tsawan cm cm 15. Fatar fatar ganye ta kumbura a petiole da kuma a ƙarshen. Furen launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa-baki ya ƙare tare da laima na furanni 6-dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara mai fure wanda yayi fure a watan Maris. Abubuwan furanni masu faranti suna buɗewa kuma suna kewaye da farin kambi mai mau kirim.
Eucharis Sandera. Plantan itace mafi girma da ke yaduwa suna ciyar da kwararan fitila tare da nisan zaƙi game da cm 7. Ganyayyaki masu duhu masu duhu kusan 30 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa faɗin cm cm 2. Furucin da kansa ya kai cm 15. manyan manyan furanni biyu ko kuma waɗanda suka fi girma zuwa 6 sun yi fure a kan tsayin daka buds. Kayan dusar ƙanƙara-fari suna kewaye da kambi mai ruwan shuɗi. Yawancin furanni a watan Fabrairu.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana iya yada Eucharis ta zuriya ko kuma ta hanyar raba yara. Tun da lilyian lily suna haihuwar yara da yawa, ba safai ba yan lambu suyi shuka tsiro daga zuriya. Don wannan, ana amfani da sabbin tsaba da aka shuka, waɗanda aka shuka su nan da nan a cikin yashi-peat ƙasa nan da nan bayan girbi. Akwatin an rufe shi da fim kuma a sanya shi cikin daki mai haske na yanayi da zazzabi a ɗakin. Tare da ƙananan dumama, seedlings suna fitowa da sauri. Sanya iska da fesa ƙasa a kai a kai. Bayan zuriyar germination, seedlings a hankali saba da girma ba tare da tsari. Yana da kyau a shayar da tsire-tsire sau da yawa, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo. A kasar gona ya kamata da lokaci zuwa bushe fitar da na uku. Lokacin da matasa eucharis suka girma ganye na ainihi 3-4, tare da babbar kulawa ana tura su cikin tukwane daban na tsire-tsire 2-3. Ana sa ran hurawa cikin shekaru 4-5.
Tare da dasawar bazara na eucharis, ana iya samun ƙananan yara a kusa da kwan fitilar uwar. An rabu da su a hankali, suna ƙoƙari kada su lalata Tushen bakin ciki, kuma aka dasa su cikin tukwane dabam tare da cakuda yashi. Bayan germination daga cikin kwararan fitila, suna dasa cikin ƙasa don tsirrai masu girma. Watering yakamata ya zama mai matsakaici, kuma hasken ya bazu. Awan yara suna faruwa a cikin shekaru 2-3, amma manyan samfurori na iya yin girma a cikin shekarar.
Siffofin dasawa da kulawa
Eucharis, kodayake mallakar tsire-tsire ne mai ƙoshin gaske, yana da ƙari a cikin gida.
Juyawa Furanni masu fure suna buƙatar sabunta ƙasa na shekara-shekara, kuma tsire-tsire mafi girma na iya wanzu a cikin tukunya ɗaya har zuwa shekaru uku (kawai ana iya maye gurbin saman). Dukkanin jan kafa ana yin su ne a cikin Maris, a ƙarshen lokacin hutawa. Tukunyar tukunya ya zama ƙarami, saboda a cikin ɗamarar akwati yana faruwa sau da yawa. Har zuwa tsire-tsire 10 za'a iya dasa su a cikin tukunya ɗaya tare da diamita na kusan 30 cm. A lokacin da dasa shuki a farfajiya na kasar gona ya kamata duba saman kwan fitila. Ilasa don eucharis yana cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- ƙasa mai narkewa;
- takin
- m yashi;
- ganye ƙasa.
Dole ne a zuba magudanar ruwa a ƙarshen tanki. Bayan dasa, kasar gona tana ɗauka da sauƙi kuma ana shayar da shi sauƙin.
Haske Eucharis yana buƙatar haske mai haske, ya shimfiɗa aƙalla aƙalla awanni 3-4 a rana. Ana iya sanya shi akan windowsill na taga ko yamma. A lokacin rani, tsirrai suna inuwa daga tsakar rana.
Zazzabi A lokacin rani, yayin haɓakar aiki, mafi yawan zafin jiki na iska shine + 20 ... + 25 ° C. A watan Nuwamba-Janairu, dole ne a rage shi zuwa + 13 ... + 15 ° C. Sannan yazo lokacin da ake kafa tsiran fure, don haka dole ne a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ana iya girma tsire-tsire a cikin ɗakuna masu sanyi, saboda ba ya amsa da zafi sosai. A lokaci guda, ana kiyaye shi da kyau daga zayyanawa da canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi. Ba a ke so don ɗaukar furen a waje ba.
Haushi. Eucharis yana haɓaka al'ada tare da zafi na al'ada, amma tare da godiya yana amsa fesawa da wanka lokaci-lokaci. A lokacin furanni, hanyoyin ruwa ba su da iyaka. Idan danshi ya hau kan furanni, toshe haɓaka.
Watse. Don eucharis, yana da mahimmanci don kula da tsaka-tsaki tsakanin ban ruwa, saboda saman Layer na ƙasa yana da lokaci don bushewa. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin ban ruwa lokacin furanni (har sau biyu a mako). Ragowar lokacin, ana shayar da shuka ƙasa sau da yawa, duk da haka, earthen coma ba a bushe gaba ɗaya.
Taki. Ciyar da eucharis ana buƙatar kawai lokacin fure da ciyayi. Yi amfani da mahaɗan ma'adinai na musamman don tsire-tsire na fure. An gundura su cikin ruwa kuma an zuba su cikin ƙasa nesa da harbe. Bayan bushewar furanni, ba a amfani da takin mai magani ba.
Mai jan tsami. Amfanin eucharis akan sauran amaryllis shine cewa yana riƙe ado da ado koda bayan fure. Ganyenta mai haske a cikin kayan kwalliya masu haske suna haskakawa a cikin rana kuma kada su faɗi yayin lokacin sanyi. Bayan furanni na ƙarshe ya bushe, an yanke farfajiyar. Zai yiwu bushewa na ganye 1-2, amma ba ƙari ba.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Bulbous tsire-tsire suna da haɗari ga cututtukan fungal, musamman tare da dampness da danshi na ƙasa mai yawa. Eucharis na fama da lokaci-lokaci game da launin toka da kuma tabo. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole a yanke duk wuraren da cutar ta shafa da kuma gudanar da aikin kashe kwayoyin cuta (Champion, Topaz, sulfate jan karfe).
Daga cikin inzaka, ƙuraje, ƙagaggun bayanai da ƙura gizo-gizo suna dame shuka. Mafi sau da yawa, suna shirya kan eucharis mai rauni. A farkon alamun kwari, ana bi da su da maganin kashe kwari (Fitoverm, Actellik).
Idan kun iya magance irin wannan matsalar kamar ganye na yellowing eucharis, wannan yana nuna wata cutar da shuka. Wannan na faruwa tare da canjin yanayin yanayin tsaro. Kwan fitila yana shan wahala kuma abinci na fure ya tozarta. Matsaloli da ka iya haddasawa sun hada da busasshiyar ƙasa ko karuwa mai yawa a cikin ruwa, fallasawa zayyana, ko canji mai sauri. Bayar da shuka tare da yanayi mai kyau da kuma kare ta daga kowane canje-canje, zaku iya komawa zuwa ga bayyanar da ta gabata.
Idan eucharis bai yi fure ba, yana da muhimmanci a kirkira lokacin da ya dace. Don yin wannan, an sake shirya fure a cikin daki mai sanyi, duhu mai duhu, rage shayarwa kuma dakatar da takin. Bayan makonni 4-5, an dawo da fure zuwa yanayin al'ada. Irin wannan girgiza sau da yawa yana haifar da ƙirƙirar furanni masu yawa.
Alamu da camfi
Eucharis shine tsire-tsire mai aminci na gida. Yana yada kuzari mai amfani, kuma yayin lokacin furanni yana kara wa gidan dadi da kwanciyar hankali na ruhaniya. Dankin yana dauke da motsin zuciyar mara kyau. Yana haifar da sha'awar ilimi ga yara, fadada fadadarsu da kuma bayyanar da sabbin damar aiki. Furen fure alama ce ta mai kula da zuciyar. Ba abin mamaki ba a Kolumbia an saka shi cikin ado na amarya don kare yarinyar da dangi na gaba daga hassada da jayayya.
