Digitalis shine peren shekara na dangin plantain. Sun kira shi cewa saboda siffar furanni waɗanda suke kama da ƙaramin ƙarami. A cikin ƙungiyar kimiyya, sunan "digitalis" ya fi yawa. Tsirrai na gida sune Rum, Afirka ta Arewa da Asiya ta Yamma. Za'a iya amfani da ƙananan ƙarancin dijital na inflorescences don yin ado na lambu. A lokaci guda, inji shine magani, amma a cikin adadi mai yawa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace Digitalis guba ne. Wannan yakamata a yi la’akari da shi lokacin da ake tsara wani lambu wanda akwai kananan yara da dabbobi.
Bayanin Shuka
Digitalis shine tsirowar herbaceous perennial ko biennial mai tsayi tare da madaidaiciya mai tushe 30-150 cm tsayi. Petiole ganyen oval ko lanceolate sun yi girma a jikin harbe kuma sun sake fitowa da yawa a kusa da ƙasa. Fenti mai launin lullube fenti mai launin shuɗi. Tsawonsa yakai 10-30 cm, kuma faɗin inci 6 zuwa 6 cm. Ganyen yana da haske a sama, an rufe shi da manyan gumakan tsakanin jijiyoyin. Gefen baya saboda gajeriyar, ƙaramin abu yayi kama da silvery ko launin toka.
A watan Yuni-Agusta, saman kara an yi wa ado ƙwanƙwasa a ƙasan goge. A kansa, kusanci da juna, a takaice, mayalli, mai furanni mai launin kararrawa. Narrowaramin kunnuwa tare da ƙananan gefuna masu lankwasa za a iya fentin su da shuɗi, ruwan hoda, fari, rawaya ko ja. Yawancin lokaci pharynx yana rufe da ƙananan dige. A ciki akwai mayukan da ke da kauri da mahaifiya.
Bayan pollination iri kwalaye da kadan haske launin ruwan kasa tsaba ripen. A cikin g na 1 g, akwai raka'a 10,000.
Jinsuna da nau'ikan ado
A cikin halittar digitalis, bisa ga rarrabuwa na kasa da kasa, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire 11.
Digitalis na da tsatsa A iri-iri yana da babban kayan ado. Yana samar da siririn siliki 70-120 cm tsayi, an rufe shi da katako ko lanceolate ɗan itacen da ya fito. Dogon (7-15 cm), m inflorescences kunshi karrarawa tare da wavy gefen. Dogayen fure har zuwa 4 cm tsayi yana da nasihu biyu masu kama da furanni orchid. Lowerarsashin cinya a bayyane yana bayyane a kansu. Ana sanya fentin dabbobi a cikin inuwa mai haske tare da inuwa mai ruwan hoda a lebe da tsarin launin ruwan hoda-ciki a cikin fatararn. Fulawa yana faruwa a watan Yuni-Agusta.
Digitalis mai launin shuɗi (purple). A biennial, da wuya a perennial shuka har zuwa 1.5 m high kunshi kafa, low-branched mai tushe. A kasan ɓangare na ganye da harbe ne densely pubescent. Ganyen Petiole suna da kyau. A watan Yuni, rashin daidaituwa ko pyramidal inflorescence a cikin nau'i na buroshi mai buroshi. Ya ƙunshi furanni masu launin asymmetric 8-13 cm .. Ganye da shuɗi ko fari a gindi yana rufe da dige masu duhu. Iri:
- Alba - daskararren dusar ƙanƙara tare da ƙananan ɗigon ruwan duhu ko ba tare da su kwata-kwata;
- Mirabelle - fure mai yawa, fure mai dumbin yawa na cream ko launin ruwan kifi-pink.
Digitalis yana da girma-flowered. Mai tsayi 40-120 cm tsayi wani lokacin yakan dasa shuki. An rufe su da wuya glandular villi. Tare da tsawon tsawon lokacin da aka harba, tsiren lanceolate mara ganye yana tsiro a cikin hasken haske mai haske. Ganyen yana da dogaye mai kaifi. Ganyen yana tsiro tsawon 7-25 cm kuma tsawon ssimita 2-7. A watan Yuni, fure mai tsayi 6-25 cm tsayi a saman harbin.Talar furanni 3-4 cm suna kan farfajiya mai tsalle. a kan 5 kararran petals. Ana fentin furanni a cikin sautunan launin toka-rawaya, ƙaramin dige launin ruwan kasa suna ciki.
Digitalis yana da ulu. Itatuwan tsire-tsire mai zurfi na 30-80 cm mai girma yana samar da fure mai kauri daga ganyen lanceolate mai launi mai launin shuɗi-kusa da ƙasa. Raguna tare da gefen fuskar zai rufe dogayen cilia. A watan Yuli, buɗaɗɗen pyramidal yana buɗewa, wanda allunan liyuu biyu masu girma suke girma da juna. An kuma rufe filayen kwalliya da murfin katako. Tsawon bututu ya zama santimita 2-3. Kafafan furanni masu tsayi har zuwa 1 cm tsawo fiye da gefenta .. Furen an fentin cikin cream ko farar fata, kuma kusa da cibiyar an rufe su da wani babban labulen launin shuɗi.
Akwai wasu ƙarin takaddun tsufa na takaddara na zamani don haɓaka a gonar. Mafi mashahuri a cikinsu sune:
- Tapsi - ganye mai launin toka-kore yana ƙawata madaidaicin 40-80 cm tsayi, a saman su akwai goge mai kauri tare da manyan karrarawa na ruwan hoda ko launi rasberi;
- Merton - wata itaciya mai tsawon 60-80 cm an yi masa ado da kyawawan ganye tsawon kore; tana yin fure a watan Mayu tare da manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda.
Juzuwar Digitalis
Mafi yawancin lokuta, digitalis yana girma daga tsaba. Su za a iya shuka nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude ko seedlings. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, a rabin rabin lokacin bazara, ana shuka tsaba a cikin lambun, a cikin ramuka a nesa na 15-20 cm. An binne su da mm 5-10. Game da sanyaya, amfanin gona an rufe shi da kayan da bai saka ba.
Tun da seedlings ke haɓaka a hankali, yana da kyau a shuka seedlings. Kafin dasa shuki, an shuka tsaba a cikin mako guda a cikin ruwan dumi, wanda aka canza sau 2-3 a rana. An yi amfanin gona a cikin akwatuna tare da cakuda yashi-peat. An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya na ƙasa kuma an guga shi a cikin jirgin ruwa. Akwatin an rufe gilashin kuma a ajiye shi a zazzabi a dakin da hasken yanayi. Bayan kwanaki 10-15, harbe na farko ya bayyana. A farko, haɓakarsu tana da hankali sosai. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri nau'i biyu na ganye na gaskiya, ana yin ɗiban a cikin kofofin diski daban ko a cikin wani akwati tare da nisa tsakanin tsirrai na kusan 7-10 cm.
Don fitowar tsire-tsire na ganye na digitalis, ana amfani da harbe na basal. Zai yuwu don haɓaka bayyanar ta hanyar yanke ƙanƙanun ƙarancin ciki. Ba da daɗewa ba tafiyar matakai kan gewaye zasu ci gaba. Shukewar fure tare da ganye 7-8 kuma tushenta an haƙa a hankali kuma an dasa shi a cikin sabon wuri. Tuni a watan Satumba, zai daidaita kuma zai kasance a shirye don lokacin hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara zai saki fure na farko.
Ginin waje da kulawa
Ana dasa shuki na Digitalis a buɗe ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da babu shakka ƙurar sanyi ta lalace kuma ƙasa tayi zafi sosai. Zai fi kyau dasa furen a buɗe, wuraren rana ko a cikin ƙaramin girgizawa. Underasa ƙarƙashin kambi na bishiyoyi masu raɗaɗi bai dace ba. Zai yi laushi sosai ba isasshen haske ba, kuma a cikin fall, ganyayyaki na fadowa zasu tsoma baki tare da cigaban tsiro.
A kasar gona domin dasa ya kamata sako-sako da, m kuma ba tare da stagnation na danshi. Yi tono wurin kuma sa takin ko humus. Ana kiyaye nisan 25-30 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire mutum a cikin gona Don kada ya lalata rhizome, ana aiwatar da canjin ta hanyar hanyar jigilar. A digitalis perennial a farkon shekara ba ya Bloom, amma Forms wani lokacin farin ciki leaf Rotterte.
Idan an zaɓi wurin don shuka daidai, kula da shi zai zama sakaci. Digitalis yana buƙatar a shayar da shi akai-akai, amma saboda ruwan bai shawo kan asalin ba. A kasar gona bayan ban ruwa da aka kwance, in ba haka ba wani m ɓawon burodi ba zai ba da izinin iska da yardar kaina shiga zuwa tushen da ci gaban zai rage gudu. Hakanan kuna buƙatar cire ciyawa. Sau biyu ko sau uku a lokacin bazara da bazara, ana ciyar da su da ƙananan wuraren ma'adinai na ruwa. An zubar da su cikin ƙasa a tushen.
Domin furanni don kula da adon ado, ya zama dole don yanke ƙaƙƙarfan inflorescences na ƙayyadaddun lokaci. A cikin kaka, tsawon mai tushe suna taqaituwa da rabi, suna barin mafi yawan ganye. Thean tsirarun rhizomes suna yayyafa ƙasa tare da rufe ɗaukar duka tare da ganye masu ganye ko rassan spruce. A cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, hunturu na Digitalis yana iya jurewa har ma da tsananin sanyi.
Tsire-tsire suna tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari. Sai kawai a lokuta masu wuya, sun sha wahala daga hare-hare na aphids, moth da nematodes. Tare da kulawa mara kyau, cutar milkew kamuwa da cuta zai yiwu. Gyara fasahar aikin gona da magungunan kwari (Iskra, Vitaros) zasu taimaka matuka wajen magance dukkan matsaloli.
Digitalis a cikin lambu
A cikin zane mai faɗi, ana amfani da digitalis a cikin ɗayan iri da kuma dasa shuki a tsakiyar faren. Dogon inflorescences ana shuka su a bangon gadaje na fure. A cikin sahun tef, dijital yana ɗaukar shinge yayin zazzage yankin. Tsire-tsire suna iya zama kyakkyawan tushe don furanni mara girma. Abokan cin nasara a cikin lambun fure don digitalis zasu zama peonies, valerian, wardi. Inflorescences masu haske suna da kyau a kan bangon conifers ko tsire-tsire masu ado na kayan ado. Dwarf iri suna ƙawata tsare, kuma lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kwantena - veranda ko baranda. Hakanan, ana amfani da nau'ikan kayan ado don yin bouquets mai haske. Yanke inflorescences zai tsaya a cikin kayan ado na fiye da mako guda.
Abubuwan da ke warkarwa na Digitalis
Magungunan gargajiya sun dade da sanin ingancin magungunan tushen kwayan cuta. Ana amfani dasu don raunin zuciya da matsalolin wurare dabam dabam. Magunguna tare da digitalis yana kawar da hare-hare na ƙwayar jijiya, yana inganta wurare dabam dabam na jini zuwa tsokoki, kuma yana gwagwarmayar ciwon zuciya, tachycardia, hauhawar jini da sauran cututtukan da ke cikin jijiyoyin jini. Bugu da kari, a cikin magungunan mutane, ana amfani da ganyen ganye don magance cututtukan fata, kumburin fata, zazzabi, zafi da zub da jini.
Duk da mahimmancin kaddarorin magungunan, koda ƙaramin abin sama da ya kamata yana haifar da guba mai guba, don haka yana da kyau ku sayi magungunan da aka yi shirye-shiryen a kantin magani kuma ku ɗauke su kamar yadda likita ya umarta, kuma kada ku shirya magunguna da kanku.
