Forsythia - bishiyoyi ko ƙananan bishiyoyi masu yawa daga dangin Olive. An daraja su don farkon da yalwataccen fure, a lokacin da har yanzu an rufe rassan furannin da furanni masu yawa na zinariya. A cikin yanayin muhalli, ana iya samun tsire-tsire na wannan tsohuwar halittar a yankin Balkan da kuma gabashin Asiya. Shekaru da yawa an yi amfani da su sosai cikin ƙirar ƙasa. Koda bayan fure, bushes ɗin yayi kyau sosai. An rufe su da ganye na emerald, waɗanda a cikin bazara suka sami kan iyaka mai launin shuɗi. Kodayake Forsythia ya zama ruwan dare a yankuna masu ɗumi, wasu nau'ikan suna da tsayayya wa sanyi kuma ana iya noma su a yanayin canjin yanayi.
Bayanin Shuka
Forsythia ko Forsythia wani gurmi ne na wucin gadi 1-3 mm (a cikin yanayi masu kyau zai iya girma har zuwa 6 m). Matsakaicin fadin daji shine 1.5-2 m. Girman madaidaiciya ko drooping mai tushe an rufe shi da haushi mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. A kan kananan yara, akasarin litattafan petiolar suna girma kusa da juna. An fentin duhu kore kuma suna da siffar m. Ganyen tare da ƙarshen nuna akan bangarorin an rufe shi da ƙananan hakora. Tsawon farantin ganye shine 2-15 cm Wasu lokuta wasu lokuta hadaddun ganye sau uku ke girma akan rassan.
Dogaro da yankin, a watan Maris-Mayu rassan shekarar bara sun cika da furanni. A buds Bloom tare da dukan tsawon na shoot kuma suna da siffar da kararrawa tare da hudu tsawo, kunkuntar petals. Ana fentin furanni a cikin launin rawaya mai haske mai haske. Suna kama rufe filayen tare da Dome a cikin ruwan sama. Bayan pollination da kwari, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen - kwalaye iri. Ripening, suna buɗe da kansu. A ciki, cikin gida daban, an ɓoye tsaba mai fiɗa.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
A cikin duka, an sanya nau'ikan 13 ga halittar Forsythia. Yawancinsu sun zama ruwan dare a Japan da China.
Forsythia tsaka-tsaki ne (tsakiya). Itace bishiyar da ba'a iya girki a ciki ba tana da madaidaiciya, a hankali yana lanƙwasa rassa a ƙasa. An rufe su da kunkuntar, ganye na oval-lanceolate tare da hakora tare da gefen. Ruwan yana da haske kore. A ƙarshen Afrilu, ɗaure na furanni rawaya masu launin shuɗi 2 zuwa kusa da ganyen ganye. Sun kasance a kan rassan tsawon makonni 3. Iri:
- Forsythia Lynwood - daji wanda ke da rassa mai kafa 2-3 m a cikin bazara an rufe shi da furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da diamita zuwa 35 mm, kuma daga baya ya yi fure mai haske kore;
- Abin al'ajabi - kambi mai yawa har zuwa 2 m babban fure mai girma (har zuwa 4 cm) furanni rawaya mai haske;
- Densiflora - kusan daji mai siffar zobe har zuwa 1.5 m a tsakiyar Mayu, an rufe shi da furanni rawaya mai haske.
Forsythia dan asalin Turai ne. Itace tare da rassa madaidaiciya har 2 m girma ke tsiro a kan tsaunin dutsen na Albania. Yana jure sanyi kuma yana ƙaunar rana. Rassan suna rufe ganye kore tare da gefuna mai laushi 5-7 cm tsayi. A watan Mayu, furanni masu launin shuɗi, aka tattara a cikin rukuni na 2-5. Girman diamita na ƙwanƙwasa kusan 4 cm.
Forsythia kore ne. Wani shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu tare da rassa na tsaye na tsaye yana girma zuwa 3 a tsayi. Gashi mai tushe yana rufe da haushi kore, kuma ganye mai duhu lanceolate mai duhu tare da nau'ikan ladabi suna girma kusa da juna. Tsawon Leaf ya kai 15 cm, kuma nisa - 4 cm. A lokacin bazara, karrarawa masu rawaya-kore sun bayyana, aka tattara su cikin ƙaramin rukuni. Tsire-tsire suna tsayayya wa fari.
Forsythia ba shi da ma'ana. Kambi na bushes tare da tsayin 1.5-2 m ya ƙunshi rassa masu rassa waɗanda aka rufe da launin toka-rawaya. Suna girma da ganyayyaki masu haske mai haske tare da tsawon da basu wuce cm 7 ba. A cikin kaka, ganyen ya sami launi mai launin shuɗi. A lokacin bazara, furanni guda ɗaya na fure a kan rassan danda a siffar ƙwanƙwasa tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 2. Filayen su ana fentin su a cikin launi zinare masu haske. Iri:
- Forsythia Goldzauber - nau'in sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi tare da kambin lush, a tsakiyar Afrilu, fure manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi;
- Tetragold - furanni masu launin shuɗi mai duhu tare da diamita na 2-3 cm rufe rassan undersized (har zuwa 1 m) shrub.
Forsythia fari ne. Plantan itace daƙan daɗaɗɗen tsiro ke tsirowa 1.5-2 a tsayi. A tsakiyar bazara, manyan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fari farare daga furen ruwan hoda masu yawa tare da ɗanɗano m rawaya a tsakiyar. Ganyen oval na launin koren duhu mai duhu a tsawon sa bai wuce cm 8. Ko a lokacin rani, ana saka zane na baya da shuɗi.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Forsythia na iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Yaduwar iri ba shi da amfani kuma yana buƙatar aiki mai yawa. Ana shuka tsaba da aka girbe a buɗe a cikin kaka. A cikin hunturu, sun sha wahala na halitta, kuma a cikin bazara farkon harbe sun bayyana. Na gaba shekara, da seedlings nutse, kuma bayan shekaru 3 suna shirye su dasa a cikin m wuri. Kuna iya shuka tsaba a farkon bazara a cikin kwandon shara tare da yashi da peat ƙasa. An daidaita su kafin shuka don watanni 1-1.5 a zazzabi na + 1 ... + 4 ° C. An rufe akwati da fim. Bayan makonni 3-6, wani ɓangare na tsaba zai tsiro (germination bai wuce 50% ba). Bayan shekara guda, tsayin dakan seedlings zai kai 8 cm, kuma bayan shekaru 3 - 90 cm. A shekara ta biyu, tsirrai su nutse a cikin bude ƙasa. Suna buƙatar cikakken tsari don hunturu tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer na ganye. Fulawa yana faruwa bayan shekaru 4-6.
Tare da yaduwar ciyayi, ana iya amfani da keɓaɓɓen filayen, zazzagewa, yankan da harbe-harbe. Sau da yawa drooping rassan dangane da ƙasa tushen kansu. Lokaci mai zuwa, kawai kuna buƙatar yanke su daga tsire-tsire na uwar kuma sanya shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
An shirya yaduwar ƙwayar forsythia ta watan Yuni, a ƙarshen fure. Don yin wannan, yanke ɗanyen fure har zuwa 15 cm tsayi tare da ganye biyu. A ƙananan yanka, an cire ciyawar gaba ɗaya kuma ana yin magani tare da “Kornevin”. An dasa yankan a cikin kwalaye tare da yashi rigar zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm kuma an rufe shi da fim. Za a iya dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa bayan watanni 1.5-2. Forsythia ana yada shi ta hanyar lanignified cuttings. An girbe su a watan Oktoba, an ɗaure su a cikin ƙaramin ɗigo kuma a adana su a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi da laima har sai lokacin bazara. A cikin bazara, ana shuka cuttings nan da nan a gonar.
Ginin waje da kulawa
An shirya dasa shuki da dasa shuki a farkon bazara ko Satumba. Yana da Dole a zabi wurin da yake da rana, an kiyaye shi daga zane-zane da iska mai karfi na iska, wanda a cikin hunturu zai haifar da daskarewa daga rassan. Don kambi ya yi girma da yardar kaina, nisa tsakanin tsirrai ya zama cm 120-150. Ana iya dasa nau'in ƙarami kusa da juna.
Soilasa ta zama mai haske, sako-sako da m, tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗano ruwan alkaline. Forsythia za ta yi girma sosai a kan ƙasa mai acidic. A cikin shirya wannan mãkirci, ƙasa aka haƙa sama da slaked lemun tsami ko dolomite gari. Wani babban farin dutse da aka murƙushe tare da tubalin da aka fashe an zuba shi a ƙasan ramin 50 cm mai zurfi, kuma an sanya yashi a saman. Dole ne tushen wuyan ya zauna a farfajiya.
Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da bushes ɗin sosai. A lokacin dasa kaka a farkon shekarar, ya zama dole a kula sosai da shuka kuma a rufe shi da kayan da ba'a saka ba don hunturu.
Kodayake wasu nau'in forsythia suna tsayayya wa fari, yawancin suna buƙatar na yau da kullun, ba ma yawa yalwataccen watering. Yana da mahimmanci ruwan bai yi tururi a cikin ƙasa ba, har ma bai bushe ba don fashewa. Idan babu hazo, kowane kwanaki 10-15 ana kawo guga na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji. Ana yin ƙasa a kai a kai kuma an cire ciyayi. Don hana shi daga ɓawon burodi mai ɗaukar ciki, suna ciya ciyawa da takin daga sama.
A cikin shekarar, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire sau uku. A farkon bazara, ciyawar da ta lalace ta warwatse a ƙarƙashin bushes. A lokacin furanni, an gabatar da hadaddun ƙwayoyin potassium-phosphorus. A farkon bazara, lokacin kwanciya fure mai fure don shekara mai zuwa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da maganin "Kemira-global".
Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kula da tilasta ta hanyar pruning. Kowane bazara, ana tsabtace tsabtace ruwa, ana cire rassan daskararre da bushe. Shuke-shuke da suka girmi shekaru 7-8 suna buƙatar thinning kambi da kuma sake sabuntawa. An yanke su kusan gaba ɗaya, suna barin hemp 4-6 cm mai tsayi .. Ana aiwatar da zanan a cikin Yuni, kai tsaye bayan fure. Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci, kamar yadda fure-fure ke haifar akan harbe-harbe matasa. Idan kun makara tare da jan kafar, fure don shekara mai zuwa bazai yuwu ba.
Idan Forsythia ba ta yi fure ba, to ban da girki mara tabbas, dalilin na iya kwantawa cikin abubuwan da ke tafe:
- wuri a cikin wuri mai duhu sosai - hasken rana ya kamata ya faɗi akan daji don akalla awanni 6 a rana;
- tsohuwar daji mai buƙatar sake sabuntawa;
- tsananin sanyi a lokacin sanyi.
Forsythia yana da tsayayya ga yawancin cututtuka da kwari. A cikin mafi yawan lokuta, tana fama da wilting ko moniliosis. Dole ne a kula da tsire-tsire tare da kashe-kashe da kuma cire wuraren da suka lalace. Daga cikin parasites a daji, nematodes shirya. Namowar ƙasa "Karbation" yana taimakawa wajen magance su.
Amfani da lambun
Zinare a bazara, Emerald a lokacin rani da violet-rawaya a kaka, busheshen Forsythia suna da matukar ado. An dasa su daban-daban a kusa da ƙofar, a cikin sasanninta na lambu ko tsakiyar tsakiyar filin. Shuka tayi kyau kwarai da gaske ga bangon bishiyun bishiyoyi da tsirrai. A cikin dasa rukuni, suna yin shinge ko shinge na lambun fure.
Kuna iya farantawa kanku da launuka masu haske ko da a cikin hunturu. Ya isa a cikin watan Fabrairu don yanke rassan matasa da yawa kuma a sanya su cikin kayan ado. A cikin makonni 1-2 za su yi fure kuma su zama fure mai kyau.
