Shuke-shuke

Dasa kankana a cikin girka: shirya ƙasa da tsaba, kula da tsirrai

Kankana itace, bazara ce mai dadi wacce yara da manya ke jin daɗin su. A yau, ana noma shi ba kawai a cikin ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Nasarar taron kai tsaye ya dogara da waɗannan dalilai kamar zaɓin da ya dace da kuma shirya ƙasa da ƙwaya, kazalika da dasa tsirrai a kan kari.

Zabi kuma shiri na greenhouse ga watermelons

Kafin fara yin girma a kan ruwa a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa, ya zama dole don gina tsari mai kariya, watau kore ko greenhouse. Girman mãkirci da kuma tsarin da zai sa a gaba zai dogara ne kawai kan abubuwan da aka zaɓa na mutum da kuma damar mai lambu. Tun da kankana na buƙatar manyan yankuna a lokacin namo, girman da yakamata ya zama ya dace, aƙalla 2 m a faɗi kuma 5 m tsayi.

Ana buƙatar babban greenhouse mai sikelin don haɓaka watermelons, wanda saboda halayen al'adu ne

Don kankana, da na cucumbers, trellis ake buƙata. Tare da taimakon wannan ƙira ku samar da tsirrai. A saboda wannan, yakamata yakamata yakai kimanin m 2 na tsayi, wanda zai haifar da ingantaccen yanayi don ci gaba da haɓaka al'adun. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire ba za su fuskanci ƙuntatawa na haɓaka ba. Don zaɓar ƙira don shuka da kankana mai girma, da farko kuna buƙatar la'akari da halaye na irin waɗannan tsarin:

  1. Gashi a ƙarƙashin fim shine mafi kyawun zaɓi kuma mafi arha. Rashin daidaituwarsa shine cewa ba a tsara shi don shigar da ƙarin dumama ba, sakamakon abin da ba zai yuwu a sarrafa zafin jiki a ciki ba. Za a iya amfani da shinkafar don dasa watermelons, amma a yanayin dumama, wato, aƙalla a watan Mayu.
  2. Gilashin kore. Irin wannan ginin zaiyi nauyi sosai, sabili da haka, don ginin sa, ana buƙatar ginin tushe. A lokaci guda, idan har yanzu kuna haɓaka tsarin wannan nau'in, za'a san shi da dogaro da rayuwar sabis na dogon lokaci. Bugu da kari, zai yuwu a kafa tsarin dumama.
  3. Ana ɗaukar launin kore ta polycarbonate a matsayin zaɓi mafi zaɓi. Iyakar abin da ya jawo shine farashin kayan. Wannan ƙirar yana da sauƙin ginawa, mai dawwama, yana ba ku damar kafa ƙarin dumama. Kuna iya shuka ƙwayar kankana a cikin Afrilu.

Ofayan mafi kyawun zane don haɓaka watermelons a gida shine kore na polycarbonate

Koyaya, zaɓin ƙirar gidan kore da ginin da ya biyo baya ba shine kawai abin da zai kula ba. Hakanan dole ne a shirya aikin dasawa, sanye take da duk abin da ya cancanta:

  1. Dakin an girka masa dakin girki. Kamar irin waɗannan kayan aiki, ana amfani da mai, gas mai ƙarfi ko tukunyar lantarki. Zaɓin ginin gidan wuta yana yiwuwa, amma irin wannan ƙira yana gabatar da wasu rikice-rikice, tun da yake wajibi ne don sarrafa zafin jiki koyaushe. Game da tukunyar jirgi, zai zama dole a sa bututu a karkashin kasa don ruwa wanda zai zafi a kasa.
  2. Don samar da kankana tare da sa'o'in hasken rana na tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata (kusan awanni 10), za a buƙaci ƙarin wuraren samar da hasken wutan fitilun fitila.
  3. Watermelons da sauran guna suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Wannan yana nuna buƙatar kula da firam da kayan abu na greenhouse tare da maganin maganin sulfate (100 g da 10 l na ruwa).

Idan ƙirar gidan kore ba sabuwa ce ba, to kafin a dasa shuki an duba shi don lalacewa, kuma idan an same su, ana yin gyare-gyare. Gaskiyar ita ce gourds suna da hankali sosai ga ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma lokacin da iska mai sanyi ta shiga cikin gidan kore, ƙananan tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa kawai.

Shirya gidan kore don sabon lokacin ya shafi wankewa da sarrafawa tare da sulusin sulke ko makamantansu

Zabi da kuma shirin kasar gona na kankana

Ofaya daga cikin mahimman yanayi don nasarar narkar da watermelons duka a cikin ƙasa buɗe da kuma a cikin yanayin greenhouse ne ingantaccen ƙasa shirya. Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai kasance don fara shiri daga faɗuwar. A kasar gona yake hadi ta hanyar amfani da taki rotted don digging (20 kg ta 1 m 1), ciyawa ana amfani da, misali, kore taki.

Yankunan gefuna ko gefuna sune tsire-tsire waɗanda aka girma don manufar mai zuwa a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke ba da izinin inganta tsarin ƙasa, wadata shi da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa da nitrogen.

Bugu da ƙari ga takin gargajiya, kuna buƙatar ƙara sand yashi (1 guga a 1 m²), gami da abubuwan ma'adinai kamar nitrophoska da superphosphate 10 g kowane, dangane da yanki ɗaya. Gabaɗaya, watermelons suna buƙatar haske, ƙasa mai yashi wanda aka cire ragowar ruwa.

Bidiyo: shirya ƙasa don sabon kakar

Lokacin shirya ƙasa don guna, kada ka manta game da irin wannan mahimmancin alamar as acidity. Don kankana, ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon pH 6-7. Zaku iya ƙididdige waɗannan ƙimar ta amfani da na'urar ta musamman ko kayan bincike. Idan mai nuna alama ya ɓace da mahimmanci daga ƙa'idar, to don deoxidation ya wajaba don ƙara, alal misali, lemun tsami a cikin nauyin 0.7 kg ta 1 m². Idan ƙasa, akasin haka, alkaline, to don ƙara yawan acidity ta 1 ph, ƙara 3 kilogiram na taki ko 9 kilogiram na takin a 1 m².

Zabi da kuma shirin dasa kayan

Lokacin zabar nau'ikan kankana na narkarda kore, fifiko ya kamata a baiwa waɗancan nau'ikan waɗanda ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa suke halayyar. Yankin da ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zabar kayan dasa shi ne yankin da aka samar da zuriyarsa. Kuna buƙatar sayan waɗannan tsaba waɗanda suka dace da yanayin yanayinku.

Lokacin zabar iri-iri don namo gida, fifiko ya kamata a baiwa iri tare da ɗan kankanin lokacin girki

Kula da kwanakin 'ya'yan itace na kankana, yana da daraja a lura cewa ga ƙasa mai rufewa, yana da kyau a zaɓi nau'ikan da za a ba su kyauta wanda zai ba da tabbacin cikakken ƙwayar amfanin gona. Varietiesannen doguwar tsirarwa zasu iya barin ku ba tare da komai ba. Irin waɗannan watermelons za'a iya noma su ba tare da nuna damuwa ba kawai a cikin yankuna na kudanci. Na farkon nau'ikan ripening, ana iya bada shawarar mai zuwa: Spark, Siberian, Cinderella, Kyauta ga Arewa F1, Krimstar F1, Haske na Siberian, Pink Champagne F1.

Baya ga zaɓin tsaba, har yanzu suna buƙatar a shirya su yadda ya kamata don shuka. Da farko dai, ana buƙatar ƙin tsaba. Don wannan, an zuba su a cikin akwati na ruwa kuma waɗanda an shuka su waɗanda suka hauhaye ana ganin ba su cancanci dasa ba. Sa'an nan ana kula da dasa kayan a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate na minti 10, wanda ake buƙata don disinfection.

Rashin daidaituwa na kayan dasa a cikin potassiumgangan na ba ku damar kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da spores fungal a farfajiya na tsaba

Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa tsaba kankana ana kwatanta shi da ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta. Wannan yana nuna buƙatar ɗaukar matakan don haɓaka shuka. Don haɓaka germination, an ɗora hatsin a zazzabi na + 55 ° C na awanni uku ko a sanya shi a wuri mai zafi na mako guda. Kamar yadda matakan shirye-shiryen, tsaba kankana kuma ana tsoma su cikin ruwa a zazzabi daki na kwana guda. Kuna iya yanke hukunci cewa tsaba suna shirye don germination da bayyanar su - idan kumburi da haɓaka girman su ana iya ganin su, lokaci yayi da za a fara shuka.

Don haɓaka germination, ƙwayoyin kankana ana daɗaɗa su a cikin maganin abinci ko ruwa

Germinating tsaba ana iya yin shi ko dai a cikin jakar nama mai rigar ko tare da pre-jiyya tare da haɓaka haɓaka da takin mai magani (Zircon, Epin, shirye-shiryen Humic). Sannan an wanke hatsi cikin ruwa, a nannade cikin wani ɗanyen huda a sanya shi a wani wuri mai ɗumi, a lokaci-lokaci ana dubawa da sanyaya nama idan ya cancanta, haka kuma ana duba ƙwayoyin don tono. Baya ga duk ayyukan, ana iya rufe tsaba da fim, wanda zai haifar da yanayi mai kyau don germination.

Don fitar da tsaba da sauri, suna nannade cikin rigar rigar kuma an sanya shi a wani wuri mai ɗumi

Siffofin dasa kankana a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa

Shuka kankana a cikin yanayin greenhouse ba zai zama matsala mai wahala ba idan ka shuka yadda yakamata kuma ka samar da kulawa yadda yakamata.

Abin da za a iya ba za a iya dasa shi tare da kankana ba kusa

Tare da ƙaramin girman maƙarƙashiya da rashin iyawa don shigar da gidajen katako da yawa, tambaya mai ma'ana ta taso - menene za a iya dasa shi da watermelons? Da farko dai, zaku iya dasa shukar wani kankana - guna. Abu ne mai yiwuwa a girma watermelons tare da tumatir, kararrawa barkono, eggplant.

Can cikin ruwa na ciki za'a iya girma tare da eggplant, tumatir, guna, barkono kararrawa

Kada ku shuka albarkatu masu ƙazanta tare da watermelons. Saboda tsananin zafi da kuma zane-zane, guna-fuka suna fuskantar wasu cututtukan fungal.

Idan muka dauki misalin misalin cucumbers guda ɗaya, to waɗannan tsire-tsire suna son danshi kuma suna buƙatar samun iska ta yau da kullun na greenhouse. Wannan baya nufin ba za'a iya dasa su da kankana ba. Zai yuwu, amma don itacen mai zaki yana da mahimmanci don rarraba busassun bushewa da iska mara iska, da cucumbers don samar da ingantaccen shayarwa da iska. Har zuwa lokacin da lokacin da ake dasa shuki a cikin shinkafa, zaku iya shuka amfanin gona na kayan kore ko radish. Wadannan tsirrai ba za su kawo wata illa ba.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin ciyawa tare da tumatir

Yaushe shuka

Kankana shine amfanin gona mai tsananin zafi kuma sanyi baya karbuwa lokacin girma. Sabili da haka, ba shi da sauri a dasa shi a cikin kore, aƙalla har sai da babu haɗarin sanyi. Idan ƙirar ta kasance sanye da tushen dumama, to ba za ku iya jin tsoron sanyi ba. Amma game da lokacin da aka tsara, a cikin yankunan tsakiyar yankin ana iya farawa daga sati na biyu na Mayu, a cikin yankunan kudanci - zuwa ƙarshen watan. A wajen kudu, za a iya sauko da al'adu a ƙarshen Afrilu.

Kwanan da aka nuna suna kusan, saboda yanayin yanayi na iya bambanta daga shekara zuwa shekara. Idan lokacin bazara ya zama abin fadadawa, kwanakin dasa sun yawaita ta mako guda, yayin da a farkon bazara, akasin haka, an rage su. Ya kamata a lura cewa kafin dasa shuki na watermelons, ƙasa ya kamata ta dumama zuwa ƙarancin + 14 ° C. In ba haka ba, tsaba suna iya tsirowa ko tsiron su ba zaiyi ƙasa ba.

Tsarin saukowa

Kuna iya dasa kankana a hanyoyi da yawa, amma mafi kyawun zaɓi shine layi ɗaya. Don yin wannan, ana zuba tsefe a kan gadaje 90 cm fadi da 20 cm tsayi (50 cm fadi da 20 cm high). Lokacin dasa shuki tsire-tsire a jere tsakanin rijiyoyin, an bar nisan 40-50 cm.Wannan tsarin dasa shuki ya fi dacewa da ƙaramin gidan kore.

Tsarin dasa layi-layi ɗaya na watermelons shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙaramin gidan gona

Tare da dasa layi biyu, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tsarin duba, wanda aka shirya layuka biyu a nesa na 50 cm daga juna kuma 70 cm tsakanin tsirrai kansu.

A cikin ƙasa mai rufewa, galibi ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin hanyar biyu

A cikin ƙasa mai rufewa, watermelons galibi ana shuka su ne bisa tsarin layi biyu.

Yadda za a shuka seedlings na watermelons a cikin greenhouse

Dasa shuki yana farawa bayan kafa yanayin dumi, wanda ya dogara da yankin kai tsaye. A cikin rana, mai nuna zafin jiki kada ya faɗi ƙasa + 25 ° C, da dare - a ƙasa + 5 ° C. Don tabbatar da saurin dumama ƙasa, gadaje za a iya zubar da ruwa mai zafi kuma an rufe shi da fim ɗin baƙar fata. Kashegari za ku iya ci gaba tare da saukowa. A ƙarƙashin seedlings suna yin ƙananan ramuka, waɗanda aka zubar da ruwa mai ɗumi, mai zafi a rana.

An dasa shukar kankana a cikin shinkafa bayan yanayin yayi sanyi

An sanya tsire 2 a cikin rami ɗaya, tare da dunƙule 1 cm sama da matakin ƙasa, wanda zai hana tsire-tsire daga lalata. Ana cire ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace a cikin tanki a hankali, guje wa lalacewar tushen da mai tushe. Dasa shuka ya dace idan an girma cikin watermelons a tukwane na tukwane. Yayinda bushes ɗin ke haɓaka, ana gabatar da lashes ta fuskoki daban-daban.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki na 'ya'yan kankana a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa

Greenhouse Water Carelon

Kankana nasa ne ga tsire-tsire na saƙa, saboda haka dole ne a ɗaura shi a cikin greenhouse. Kara daga kankana, sabanin kokwamba, ba zai iya jingina kansa da igiya ba da kansa. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar bincika gadaje kowace rana kuma ku shiga cikin harbe tsirrai yayin da suke haɓaka kusa da trellis. Hakanan yana da daraja la'akari da cewa a cikin rufaffiyar kankana an kafa shi, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin tushe guda ɗaya, i.e. 'Ya'yan itãcen an ɗaure su a kan babban harba, kuma hanyoyin gewaye suna ƙarƙashin cirewa. Babu fiye da 'ya'yan itatuwa huɗu da aka bari a kan babban lash, wanda ya dogara da girma yankin da kankana iri. Tsuna babban tushe, wanda 5 ya bar baya daga 'ya'yan itace babba.

A cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa, kankana mafi yawa ana kafa guda ɗaya daga tushe, i.e. lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa ke kafa ne kawai a kan babban lash

Watermelons sunyi fure kusan kwanaki 60 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Da farko, furanni maza sun bayyana, sannan furanni mata. Daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan yayin wannan lokacin shine tsarin pollination, wanda aka ba da shawarar a aiwatar da hannu. Don yin wannan, suna datse furen maza kuma suna jingina shi da mace. Latterarshen farko yana da ɗan fruitan itace. Tare da cin nasara a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ovary zai fara haɓaka da sauri, in ba haka ba furen zai shimfiɗa.

Lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka isa girman tare da plum, 7 ya bar baya daga kowannensu kuma ya karya kambi na mai tushe. Tare da karuwa a watermelons zuwa girman karamin apple, an sanya su cikin jaka na raga kuma an ɗaura su a trellis. Idan 'ya'yan itatuwa ba a daure su da daidai lokacin, zasu kan cire lashes din a karkashin nauyin su. Tun da bayyanar sababbin harbe a kaikaice suna jinkiri da narkar da amfanin gona, waɗannan hanyoyin ana tara su koyaushe. Bugu da kari, dole ne a cire ciyayi cikin lokaci, wanda ke nuna bukatar kula da tsabta a cikin gidan shinkafa.

Don kauce wa yayyafa ciyawar lashes, 'ya'yan itãcen ya kamata a sanya a cikin jaka raga da daura wa trellis

Duk da rinjaye ra'ayi tsakanin lambu cewa kankana na son watering, wannan al'ada ta dace da fari. Wannan yana nuna cewa kuna buƙatar ban ruwa ƙasa sosai. Mafi yawan duka, shuka yana buƙatar danshi kafin lokacin fure, yayin samuwar kuma a farkon haɓaka daga cikin ƙwayoyin. Don amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi, yana kashe har lita 7 a daji 1.

Watering an tsaya a lõkacin da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari isa girman halayyar m iri-iri.

Baya ga ban ruwa, ana ba da hankali ga kayan miya. Don shirya maganin gina jiki, Mix 1 tbsp. l azofoski da superphosphate, da 1 tsp. potassium sulfate da diluted a cikin ruwa 10, bayan wannan ana amfani da taki ga tushen sashin tsire-tsire, bayan moistening kasar gona. Duk tsawon lokacin girma, ana yin sutturar rigakafi 4. Bugu da kari, koyaushe suna mai da hankali ga bayyanar da yanayin tsirrai, ta yadda idan aka gano kwari ko haɓaka cututtuka, yana yiwuwa ya amsa cikin yanayin lokaci.

Bidiyo: kulawa da samuwar watermelons a cikin greenhouse

Tun da kankana al'adun kudu ne, ba kowane mai lambu ne a tsakiyar layi ba ko kuma yankuna na arewa sun yanke shawarar shuka shi a shafin sa. Koyaya, idan akwai greenhouse, ba mai wahala ba ne a yi hakan. Babban abu shine shirya tsarin sutura da iri, don sauka a kan kari kuma don tabbatar da kulawa da ta dace.