Aronia 'ya'yan itace ne mai mahimmanci da tsire-tsire masu magani. Ya kasance na dangi Rosaceae kuma ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka. A ƙasarmu, an san ɗayan nau'in halittar da ake kira "chokeberry". Kodayake gungu na berries suna kama da ash ash, dutse ba shi da alaƙa da wannan nau'in tsiron, wanda ba ya hana shi zama mashahuri a tsakanin masu lambu. Itace mai yaduwa ko itace mai tsayi za ta yi ado da ƙasa sosai, kuma a lokacin bazara za ta yi farin ciki tare da ɗan itacen-rawaya mai haske. A lokaci guda, tsiron zai kula da lafiyar maigidan kuma ya sanya shi cikakke tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano.
Bayanin Shuka
Aronia shine shuka mai yaduwa mai narkewa tare da rhizome na waje. Yana ɗaukar kamannin itaciya ko ɗan itace tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa. Tsawon tsararren tsire ya girma ya kai m 3 da faɗin m 2. Mukunin da rassan an rufe su da haushi mai laushi. A cikin tsire-tsire matasa, yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, kuma tare da shekaru ya zama launin toka mai duhu.
An rufe rassan da ganyen petiolate na yau da kullun wani nau'i mai kyau tare da gefuna kamar birni da ƙarshen ƙare. Tsawon farantin ganye shine 4-8 cm kuma faɗin shine cm cm 3. Tsarin tsakiya tare da rassan gefuna ana iya ganinsu a saman takardar mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi. A bayansa akwai laushi na farin laushi. Ruwan yana canza launin duhu mai duhu, kuma a tsakiyar Satumba, tare da raguwa a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun, ganye suna juya launin ja-ja. Wannan ya ba wa lambun wata fara'a ta musamman.
Shekarar chokeberry tana farawa a cikin watan Mayu, bayan ganye suna yin fure. Rolananan corollas, mai kama da fure mai fure, suna cikin babban corymbose inflorescence har zuwa 6 cm a diamita. Kowane fure na bisexual tare da furanni 5 na kyauta yana ƙunshe da babban daskararru masu yawa tare da ƙanƙanuwa mai kauri kuma yana ƙasa da ƙima na ƙwayar mahaifiya. Lokacin fure yana da makonni 1.5-2, kuma ya zuwa watan Agusta, 'ya'yan itaciyar suka fara farawa - mai sihiri ko kuma cinye berries tare da baki ko ja mai launin fata mai yawa. Girman daskararren berries shine cm 6 cm .. Wani ɗan ƙaramin ruwan haske ko farin haske yana fitowa akan farfajiyar su.
Girbi yana farawa a watan Oktoba, zai fi dacewa bayan sanyi na farko. Abincinsu ne kuma suna da ɗanɗano tart, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano.
Shahararrun nau'ikan da iri
Da farko, nau'in tsire 2 ne kawai aka haɗa a cikin sinadarin chokeberry, a kan lokaci, an ƙara ƙarin nau'ikan matasan 2 a kansu.
Chokeberry Aronia. Itace daga yankuna na gabashin Arewacin Amurka ya shahara sosai. Itace gajeru, itace mai yawan mulmulawa, ana rufe shi da ganye mai duhu duhu. A kan harbe-harben bazara, inflorescences thyroid tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi mai laushi. Bayan pollination, a ƙarshen bazara, baƙar fata mai launin fata mai duhu, yana ɗaukar kimanin g 1. Suna ɗauke da abubuwan gina jiki masu yawa waɗanda ke da amfani ga jikin ɗan adam. Iri:
- Viking - mike harbe drooping a ƙarshen, an rufe shi da m jagged ganyen duhu kore launi da kuma purple-baki flattened berries;
- Nero wata itaciya ce mai tsananin sanyi wacce take da kwari mai duhu kore-fure da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dauke da dumbin bitamin da abubuwa masu aiki;
- Khugin - wani ciyayi har zuwa 2 m high an rufe shi da duhu kore ganye, wanda juya haske ja a kaka, m baki berries ne bayyane tsakanin foliage.
Cakulan yana ja. Itace mai fure tare da yaduwar furanni zai iya isa zuwa tsawo na 2-4 m. M ganye tare da doguwar kaifi mai girma ya girma akan sa. Tsawon farantin ganye shine 5-8 cm a watan Mayu, colombose inflorescences ya bayyana tare da ƙaramin haske mai haske ko farin fure zuwa 1 cm a diamita. A farkon Satumba, 'yan itacen ja masu launin shuɗi tare da diamita na 0.4-1 cm ripen .. Ba su faɗuwa ko'ina cikin hunturu.
Aronia Michurin. Sakamakon aikin sanannen masanin kimiyya E.V. Michurin, wanda a ƙarshen karni na XIX. tushen chokeberry, ya bred a matasan da yawan furanni da fruiting. Furanni suna ɗauke da adino mai yawa na lectar kuma suna yin kama da itacen zuma. Berries suna ɗauke da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa (bitamin da ma'adinai). Fulawa ya fara yan makonni kadan. Berry ripening yana daga Satumba zuwa farkon sanyi. Daga shuka ɗaya ya tattara kilogram 10 na amfanin gona mai daɗi da m berries. Shuka na kaunar wuraren rana da sako-sako, kasa-da-ruwa.
Sirrin sirri
Duk wata hanyar da aka sani ta dace da yaduwar chokeberry, amma galibi suna amfani da shuka iri ko dasa bishiyar kore. Ana girbe tsaba a cikin cakulan daga ingantaccen berries. Ana shafa su ta hanyar sieve sannan a wanke sosai. Late fall stratification. Tsaba an haɗe shi da yashi kogin calcined, an sanya shi a cikin jaka. An sanya shi tsawon watanni 3 a cikin akwati don kayan lambu a cikin firiji. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi, ana shuka tsaba a kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Don yin wannan, shirya ramuka mai zurfi na 7-8 cm. An girbe tsaba da aka riga aka yanka a cikinsu.
Lokacin da shukar ta girma ganye 2 na gaske, ana fitar da su ne domin nisan yakai cm 3 Ana sake yin thinning lokacin da tsire-tsire ke da ganyayyaki 4-5. An kara girman ta zuwa cm 6. Har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa, an shuka tsire-tsire a wuri guda. Ana shayar dasu a kai a kai da kuma gadaje na gado. Za'ayi farin ciki na ƙarshe a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu na shekara mai zuwa, saboda nisan yakai 10 cm.
Don yankewa, ana amfani da tsinken kore tsawon cm cm 10-15. An yanke ƙananan ganye a kansu, kuma an bar kashi ɗaya bisa uku na farantin ganye a saman waɗancan. A farfajiya na haushi sama da kowane kodan kuma da yawa a ƙananan ɓangaren ɓangaren ganyen, an sanya incised. A narkar da sprig a cikin sa'o'i da yawa a cikin bayani na Kornevin, sannan kuma an dasa shi a cikin greenhouse a wani kusurwa. Isasa ƙasa da gonar lambu ne, wanda aka zuba lokacin farin ciki na yashin kogin. An rufe ganyen tare da fim, suna ɗaukar tushe a zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 ° C don makonni 3-4. Bayan haka, an fara cire matsuguni na awanni da yawa a rana, kuma bayan kwanaki 7-12 an cire shi gaba daya.
Hakanan, ana iya yaduwar chokeberry ta hanyar saka filayen, rarraba daji, grafting da harbe na tushe. Mafi kyawun lokacin don daidaitawa shine bazara.
Saukowa da kulawa
Shuka chokeberry, da sauran bishiyoyi masu kyau, ana shirin kaka ne. Yi shi a ranar girgije ko da yamma. Wannan inji itace undemanding. Yana inganta daidai daidai a cikin inuwa m da rana, a kan yashi, loam da kuma a cikin ƙasa mai dutse. Aronias sun dace da ƙarancin ƙasa da ciyawa tare da raunin acidic ko tsaka tsaki. Kasancewar kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa kuma bazai zama matsala ga rhizome na sama ba. Ineasa mai gishiri kawai ba zai dace da shuka ba.
Lokacin dasa shuki, ya zama dole ne a tono rami kusan zurfin mita 0.5. Ana zuba wani magudanar ruwa a cikin ƙasa, kuma sarari tsakanin tushen yana cike da ƙasa hade da humus, superphosphate da itace ash. Idan Tushen sun yi bushe sosai yayin jigilar ruwa, ana shuka shuka cikin sa'o'i da yawa a cikin kwari da ruwa. Bayan an kula da rhizome tare da daskararren yumbu.
Da farko, ana sanya tushen wuya 1.5-2 cm a saman ƙasa, wanda ya sa lokacin da ƙasa tayi ƙasa, har ma yana tare da farfajiya. Sa'an nan kuma ana shayar da seedlings kuma ragowar ƙasa. Farfajiyar ta mulmula tare da bambaro, peat ko humus zuwa 5-5 cm.The nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai yakamata ya zama aƙalla 2. Nan da nan bayan an dasa shuki, sai aka gajerar da ƙarancin santimita don a rage kowane fure zuwa 4-5.
Kula da chokeberry ba a zahiri ba ake buƙata ba. Koyaya, danshi da danshi suna da matukar mahimmanci a gareta. Suna da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin girbi na furanni da 'ya'yan itace. Idan babu ruwan sama, ana zubar da bokiti biyu na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka. Ya kamata ba kawai ruwa da bushes, amma kuma lokaci-lokaci fesa da kambi.
Idan cakulan ta tsiro a kan ƙasa mai dausarwa, taki ɗaya na bazara a shekara ya ishe shi. Yi amfani da ammonium nitrate foda, wanda aka watsa a ƙasa kafin a sha ruwa. Bugu da kari, zaku iya amfani da taki mai juyi, superphosphate, droppings tsuntsu, ash ko takin. Sau da yawa a cikin kakar, sassauta ƙasa kuma cire ciyayi a cikin tushen da'irar.
A farkon lokacin bazara, ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace tsabta kuma ana cire harbe, kuma suna tsunduma cikin kambi. Yayinda suke girma, lalatattun basal suna lalacewa saboda kada kambi ya yi kauri sosai. A cikin kaka, ana yin rigakafin tsufa. Tunda rassan da suka girmi shekaru 8 kusan basu bayar da girbi ba, an yanke su a ƙasa, suna barin matashin mai yin kwalliyar juyawa. 2-3 ana sabunta waɗannan rassa a cikin shekara guda.
Gangar jikin ta ta fi alkama lemun tsami. Yakamata a hankali kula da yanayin shuka da kuma takaddara kwatancen kwari. Farkon m spraying ne da za'ayi a farkon spring, kafin bayyanar ganye. Yi amfani da ruwa Bordeaux. Ana sake yin magani ne bayan ganye ya fadi. Idan a cikin bazara ne kwayar cutar ta tashi daga wata shuka mai kamuwa da cutar zuwa chokeberry, ya kamata a fesa bishiyoyi tare da takamaiman magani. Mafi sau da yawa, aphids, kwari ash na dutse, kwari ash, kuma hawthorn suna zaune cikin chokeberry.
Cututtukan suna shafar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu kauri. Zai iya zama tsatsa na ganye, ƙwarjabin ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayar cutar kwayar cuta. Lokacin da alamun farko suka bayyana, ana bi da su tare da "Haupsin", "Gamair" ko wanin, ƙarin magunguna na zamani.
Dukiya mai amfani
Berries Aronia suna da arziki a cikin abubuwa masu aiki. Daga cikinsu akwai masu zuwa:
- bitamin;
- tannins;
- sucrose;
- flavonoids;
- catechins;
- gano abubuwan;
- pectins.
'Ya'yan itãcen chokeberry an girbe su, an tsaftace su da rassa da ganyayyaki, sannan a bushe, an shirya matsafa, daskararre, dage kan barasa. Daga gare su zaku iya dafa kayan kwalliya, ku sami ruwan 'ya'yan itace har ma kuyi giya. Amfani da waɗannan samfuran ana bada shawarar don kariya da kuma kula da cututtukan da ke biyo baya:
- atherosclerosis;
- hauhawar jini
- kamshi na jini;
- capillarotoxicosis;
- zazzaɓi;
- eczema
- kyanda
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- cututtukan thyroid.
Berries ma tasiri ne na diuretic, choleretic, tonic. Suna ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi, suna ba da gudummawa ga kawar da gubobi, ƙarfe masu nauyi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai sanyi yana taimakawa warkar da raunuka da kuma sauqaqa ƙonewa akan fatar.
Ko da irin wannan samfurin mai amfani yana da contraindications. Ba'a ba da shawarar Chokeberry ga mutanen da ke fama da hauhawar jini, angina pectoris, thrombosis, gastritis, da miki duodenal.
