Gardenia itace kyakkyawar kayan ado ce, karamin itace ko ma dwarf itace daga dangin Marenova. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a China, Indiya, Japan, Vietnam, da kuma a Afirka ta Kudu. A wasu yankuna, an girma lambun a matsayin shuka na gida. Yana jan hankali da kambi mai yawa sannan kuma babba, furanni masu alfarma, masu kama da sesasesan da ke canza launi. Halin da ke da kyau shine ya fi kyau, amma wannan ba ya tsoratar da kayan kwalliyar gaske.
Bayanin Botanical
Lambun yana daɗaɗɗen fari. Tana ɗaukar kamannin daji mai yaduwa ko itace mai yawa. A cikin daji, tsawo na shuka shine 150-180 cm, amma a gida, lambun lambu ba ya wuce cm 50. madaidaici, harbe mai ƙarfi da sauri lignify. An rufe su da ingantaccen haushi kuma wani lokacin pubescent. Wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna da ƙaya.
Darkanan ganye mai duhu kore girma akan petioles. Asirinsu a ɓoye ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin triangular. A kara, ganyaye an kasu kashi biyu
A watan Yuni-Oktoba, kyawawan manyan furanni masu fure a cikin daji. Suna a cikin axils na babba ganye, wani lokacin kuma a saman reshe. Furanni suna girma sau ɗaya ko kuma a cikin rukuni na 4-6 buds. Girman diamita na corolla shine 5-7 cm. Zai iya zama mai sauƙi, rabin-biyu ko biyu. Kayan furanni masu launuka basu da bambanci sosai kuma sun hada da fari da rawaya kawai. A lokacin furanni, ƙanshi mai ƙarfi, mai daɗin fitarwa ya fito waje. Ya yi kama da ƙanshi na jasmine tare da bayanan lemo da zaki. A tsakiyar tsakiyar fure akwai 5-9 stamens da ovary guda ɗaya.
Bayan pollination, furensa mai siffa-lu'u-lu'u ko m 'ya'yan itace mai ɗaci. A ciki akwai ƙananan ƙananan tsaba. Ripening, 'ya'yan itacen fasa.
Iri da nau'in lambun
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan 250 a cikin nau'in shuka, amma nau'in kayan ado sun fi shahara a al'adu da filayen cikin gida.
Gardenia yana da jasmine-kamar. A shuka adapts sosai a sauƙaƙe ga goyon bayan gidan. Yana ɗaukar nau'i mai shimfiɗa, fure mai yawan ganye 60-80 cm mai tsayi.Haka mai laushi, mai tushe mai laushi an rufe shi da ganyen petiolate har zuwa tsawon cm 8. Suna da faffad-lanceolate ko siffar obovate tare da tarnaƙi mai santsi da kuma nuna, dogo mai tsayi. Manyan furanni masu duhu mai duhu suna buɗe dusar ƙanƙara-fari, fure-fure kamar fure. Suna cikin sako corymbose inflorescences na 3-5 buds. A tsawon lokaci, furannin sun yi launin rawaya, don haka a lokaci guda akwai dusar ƙanƙara mai-fari, cream da kuma rawaya mai haske "wardi" akan daji. Iri:
- Fortune - fure fure mai girma tare da diamita har zuwa 10 cm;
- Loveauna ta farko - furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske har zuwa 13 cm a diamita sun bayyana a kan kambi mai haske mai haske mai haske a farkon bazara;
- Variegata - an rufe ganye mai launin shuɗi tare da tsarin farin-rawaya mai launin shuɗi a kan gindin kore, fararen fure, furanni biyu.
Gardenia ɗan Vietnamese ne. Itaciyar itace ko itace mai cike da yadudduka an rufe shi da shuffiyar duhu mai duhu tare da m haske. Takaddun ganye suna girma 3 a cikin ɗan gajeren petioles. Manyan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fari tare da diamita har zuwa 8 cm ana fentin fari. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan lambobi 6 na asymmetrical, suna ninka cikin dogon bututu.
Gardenia citriodora. Daƙƙarfan m daji na harbe harbe an cusa densely cike da koren ganye mai launin shuɗi na siffar ƙetare ko m. Ya narke ƙananan (1-2 cm a diamita), furanni biyu tare da fararen furanni. Shuka ta fitar da kamshi mai tsananin yawa, mai kamshi.
Gardenia rawaya ce. A m itace tare da santsi, kafa mai tushe mai rufi da m kore ganye. Furanni fure a cikin axils na foliage a kan dogon pedicels. Suna da tsari mai sauki tare da kyawawan kayan fure. Fure mai farin-fure fure-fari a hankali sun zama rawaya. Da farko, sun samo launi mai lemun tsami, kuma a ƙarshe sun juya orange mai haske.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Gardenia yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da ƙwaya. Haka kuma, an lura cewa tsire-tsire da aka shuka daga tsaba sun fi dacewa da yanayin ɗakin. Tsaba da sauri suna rasa shuka, saboda haka bai cancanci jinkirta tare da dasa shuki ba. A cikin bazara, shirya tukwane tare da sako-sako da lambun ƙasa. An gurbata ta kafin amfani. Tsaba kusa da zurfin 5 mm, rufe tare da fim kuma sun ƙunshi + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci a sha iska a kai a kai tare da fesa ƙasa don kula da zafi mai ƙarfi.
Otsan buɗe ido suna bayyana bayan makonni 3-5 ba masu fara'a sosai ba. Da farko, seedlings girma a hankali. Ba da shawarar a cire tsari kafin bayyanar ganye na biyu na ganye ba. Itatuwan tsire-tsire sun yi nutsuwa a cikin tukwane daban-daban ko kuma kofuna waɗanda za'a iya yarwa. Ya kamata a adana su a cikin wuri mai dumi, mai cike da wuta, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
Yana da sauƙin samun sabon shuka daga kore kore. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara yankan harbe 10 cm tsawo tare da nau'i biyu na ganye. Ana kula da gindin ƙasa tare da Kornevin, sannan an dasa filayen a cikin yashi da ƙasan peat. Daga sama an rufe su da fim ko kuma filastik filastik don kula da zafi mai laushi. Tsari dole ne m saboda yadda tsire-tsire sami isasshen haske. Tsarin tushen yana dadewa (watanni 1-1.5). Lokacin da tushensu ya bayyana, sababbin harbe suka fara tasowa. A tsawo na game da 15 cm, suna pinched don mafi kyau Branching.
Saukowa da kulawa
A gida, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kirkiro daɗin daɗaɗɗen lambun.
Haske Ya kamata a cika dakin da kyau na sa'o'i 12-14 a kowace rana. A wannan yanayin, hasken rana kai tsaye don lambu ba wanda ba a so, suna sa ɗan itacen ya zama mara nauyi. A lokacin rani, yana da amfani don sanya fure a cikin iska mai kyau, amma a kiyaye ta a hankali daga zane-zane. A cikin hunturu, an sake shirya lambun kusa da taga ko ana amfani da phytolamps. A wannan lokacin, haskoki kai tsaye suna tafiya ne kawai don amfanin ta.
Zazzabi Yanayin zafi a tsibirin ba ya yarda da sanyi sanyi a ƙasa + 16 ° C. A lokacin rani, tana da kwanciyar hankali a + 20 ... + 24 ° C. Yana da kyau idan da dare zazzabi ya sauka ta hanyar 2-4 ° C. A cikin hunturu, ana iya kiyaye tsire-tsire a + 17 ... + 18 ° C, amma ba ƙasa ba. Duk wani rawar jiki ya kamata ya zama mai santsi.
Haushi. Da ake bukata a kan tabbatarwa yana da zafi sosai. Ana tsire-tsire tsire-tsire akai-akai tare da dumi, ruwa mai tsarkakakke. Yana da mahimmanci kar ya faɗi akan furanni. Hakanan yana da amfani sanya kwandon shara tare da busassun yumbu ko gansakuka kusa da su. A wani wuri mai bushe sosai, gefunan ganyayyaki zasu bushe, furannin zasu daina haɓakawa su faɗi tare. Sau da yawa a cikin kakar ana bada shawara don wanka bushes a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka (+ 45 ° C).
Watse. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani lambu, ƙarin yawan ruwa ya zama dole domin kasar gona ko da yaushe dan kadan m. A wannan yanayin, yalwataccen ruwa daga cikin kwanon ya kamata a cire shi nan da nan don naman naman ba ya haɓaka. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, an rage ban ruwa. Ruwa ya kamata koyaushe ya zama ruwan sama da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin. An tsabtace ta sosai ko tace, yana da amfani don amfani da ruwan sama. Overdrying kasar gona na iya haifar da subsidence na ɓangare na foliage da jinkirta flowering.
Taki. A watan Maris-Agusta, an ciyar da lambun sau biyu a wata tare da maganin ma'adinin ma'adinai, wanda aka zuba a cikin ƙasa. Idan furen yayi girma a kullum, rabin kashi na hadi ya isa.
Juyawa Matasa lambu ana dasa su a shekara. Adultsarin tsofaffi suna buƙatar ɗaukar guda ɗaya kaɗai a kowace shekara 2-3. Ran rhizome yana da hankali sosai. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a hankali kuma a yi amfani da hanyar warwarewa. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki ƙasa ɗan ƙaramin acidic ba tare da lemun tsami ba, tare da sako-sako da maras tsari. Kuna iya siyan cakudden da aka shirya don lambu ko wasu tsire-tsire masu zafi ko sanya shi da kanka daga:
- ƙasa coniferous;
- ƙasa mai narkewa;
- tukunyar ƙasa
- peat;
- yashi ko maganin kashe kwari.
Ana sanya babban farin yumɓu mai yumɓu ko malalen bulo a ƙasa.
Mai jan tsami. Gardenia ya yi haƙuri da kyau sosai. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar ba da nau'i mai mahimmanci ga shuka, ko dai ya kasance mai yawa, ƙaramin daji ko itace tare da gangar jikin. Masu sana'a suna saƙa da harbe-harbe da yawa a cikin akwati ɗaya kuma har ma suna samar da bonsai. Manyan fararen wardi a kai suna yin kyan gani musamman ma. Ana yin daskararrun abubuwa a cikin bazara, cire 50-60% na harbe. Matasa sprouts tsunkule.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Gardenia na iya fama da cututtukan fungal da chlorosis. A farkon alamun cutar, ana kula da shirye-shiryen ƙarfe ko fungicides, kuma ana daidaita kayan aikin gona.
Yawancin lokaci, aphids, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo da kwari masu kwari suna bayyana akan fure. Abubuwan rigakafi sun adana su. Ya kamata a aiwatar da tsari ta hanyar tsari, bisa ga umarnin.
Sau da yawa a bayyanar capricious lambu ya bayyana sarai cewa bai dace da ita ba. Mafi matsaloli na yau da kullun:
- buds a hankali suna faɗuwa - bushewar ƙasa da ƙasa.
- yellowing na ganye - bayyanar ga daftarin ko m zazzabi;
- furannin ba su bude na dogon lokaci - karancin haske, yanayin tsawan hadari;
- ganye ya juya launin rawaya - mai tauri da ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa;
- ganyen yana baƙi da baki - danshi, ƙarancin yanayin zafi ko naman gwari.
Dukiya mai amfani
Ba wai kawai Gardenia yana inganta yanayi tare da kyawunsa da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa ba. Hakanan yana taimaka wajan magance wasu cututtuka. Furannin furanni, rhizomes da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kewa. An ɗauke su ta baki don rikicewar ciki, cututtukan hanji da na hanji, kodan ko hanta. Abubuwan kayan ado suna da choleretic, anti-mai kumburi, abubuwanda ke lalata abubuwa. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don shafa bakin tare da stomatitis da gingivitis. Ana amfani da compressing na Gardenia don maganin mastitis da kumburi a fata.
