Marigolds sune pebnious herbaceous pealsnials da kuma shekara-shekara daga dangin Astra. Kasarsu ta asali ita ce Amurka. Koyaya, fewan ƙarni da suka gabata, masarautar Spanish ta kawo tsiron zuwa Turai. Yanzu fure shine mai zama na dindindin na filayen fure na Turai da Rashanci. Ana kuma kiranta "carnation na Turkiyya", "hari", "furen ɗalibi", "baƙar fata", "Zina ta Maryamu". Dogon furanni, ƙanshi mai daɗi da halin da ba a bayyana shi ba ya sa marigolds mafi kyawun lambu. Abin farin ciki ne musamman cewa tsire-tsire kuma suna da fa'ida: suna ƙarfafa lafiya kuma suna hana kwari masu lahani daga gadaje.
Fitowar marigolds
Marigolds sune tsire-tsire masu fure tare da harbe-harben herbaceous da sanda mai haɓaka ko fibrous rhizome. Gabaɗaya ɓangaren ƙasa yana da santsi, da yaƙi. Karamin madaidaiciya karar tare da rassa a kaikaice yana girma 20-120 cm a tsayi. A daji siffofin da ewa ba bayan germination. Surfaceaƙƙarfan fim ɗin ya daɗaɗa, koren duhu ko burgundy.
Tare da tsawon tsawon gaban sa ko na gaba petiole ganye girma. Suna da yanayin iska, bude ido. Fentin-disse-disse ko dishe ana yin zane-zanen a wasu launuka daban-daban na kore. Gome mai ƙamshi yana fitowa akan farantin ganye.
Furanni na farko akan marigolds sun bayyana a watan Yuni-Yuli. Suna ƙawata bushes har lokacin sanyi. Inflorescences-kwanduna an kafa a fi na harbe. Suna da kofi kofin kore mai tsawon elongated ganye. A tsakiyar akwai furanni masu ruwa iri-iri tare da guntu masu duhu da duhu. Kusa da gefen, fure furanni tare da wavy oals petals girma a cikin layuka da yawa. Launin launuka ja, burgundy, purple, lemo ko rawaya. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin inflorescence dayawa furanni da yawa suna hade a lokaci daya. Inflorescences kansu masu sauki ne da ninki biyu.
Tsarukan tsirrai tare da kwari da iska. Bayan haka, achenes mai yawa tare da tsayi-tsayi masu tsayi masu yawa. Bã su da wani m motley baki da fari launi. Germination ya ci gaba na tsawon shekaru 3-4. A cikin 1 g na iri, akwai tsaba 280-700.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Kodayake akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 50 a cikin jinsin Marigold, yawanci lambu suna amfani da manyan nau'ikan 3 kawai da nau'ikan kayan ado.
Tagetes kafa (Afirka). Mafi girman tsire-tsire sun kai 120 cm a tsayi. Branaƙƙarfan inzali mai tushe mai tushe yana ƙare tare da ƙarancin ƙwayar launin fata mai tsayi zuwa cm 5 a diamita. Tsire-tsire suna da kyau don yankan. Iri:
- Dutse mai rawaya - wani ɗan itace mai zurfi na cm cm 70 cm kwandon kwanduna na rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da diamita na 8 cm;
- Alaska - bushes mai fadi (45-60 cm a tsayi) ya yi fure tare da inflorescences cream mai sihiri game da 10 cm a diamita;
- Antigua - m bushes 25 cm high an rufe da manyan (15 cm a diamita) lemun tsami-rawaya ko haske rawaya inflorescences.
Marigolds ya ƙi (Faransanci). Actarin ƙaramin tsire-tsire masu laushi saboda harbe-harbe masu ƙyalƙyali suna ƙirƙirar daji mai siffar 20 20 cm a diamita Sprigs an rufe shi da ganye kore cirrus tare da kunkuntar lanceolate lobes da launin kore mai duhu. A saman akwai wadatattun gland mai launin ruwan kasa. Kwanduna-guda-kwando kwandon shara tare da diamita na 4-6 cm girma a kan kafaji mai kumburi. Petals - lemun tsami, lemo, lemo-launin ruwan kasa, burgundy. Flow ya fara a Yuli. Iri:
- Bonanza - wani daji na 30 cm ba ga tsayi yana narke kwalliyar orange, rawaya ko kwandunan burgundy tare da filayen kwalliya;
- Carmen - busasshen daji mai tsayi 30-35 cm tsayi tare da fure mai ruwan hoda-fure mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙura mai launin shuɗi.
Marigold na bakin ciki-leaved (Mexico). Smallan ƙaramin daji mai fure har zuwa 40 cm tsayi an rufe shi da ganye wanda aka buɗe. Cikakkun garkuwar garkuwa, ta ƙunshi ƙananan kwanduna masu sauƙi tare da ɓawon buɗaɗɗun katako da filayen fure, buɗe a ƙarshen rassan. Inflorescences suna da launin ja-ja ko haske mai launin rawaya. Iri:
- Lulu - daji mai tsayi tare da diamita na 30 cm ta watsar da ƙananan furanni lemun tsami;
- Gnome - a farkon Yuni, a kan daji mai yada kusan 25 cm a tsayi, kwandunan orange na farko sun bayyana.
Girma furanni
Marigolds suna girma daga tsaba. A saboda wannan, ana amfani da hanyoyin seedling da seedling. Seedlings yawanci sosai m da unpretentious. Da yiwuwar girma seedlings yana kawai a cikin yankuna tare da tsawan yanayin sanyi. Don haka zaka iya samun tsire-tsire fure cikin sauri. A tsakiyar Maris (a tsaye) ko a farkon Afrilu (na bakin ciki-leaved, ƙi), seedlings fara girma. Yi amfani da kwantena m tare da cakuda peat, turf ƙasar, yashi da humus. A ƙasa an gurbata da karfi bayani na potassium permanganate. An rarraba tsaba a ko'ina cikin zurfin kusan cm 1. An yayyafa su da ruwa kuma ana kiyaye su cikin haske na yanayi da zazzabi na + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Tsarin seedlings ba a buƙata.
Farkon harbe ya bayyana bayan kwanaki 3-4. Bayan wannan, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske mai haske, kuma zazzage zafin jiki zuwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kai a kai, da kuma manyan seedlings suna nutse cikin tukwane dabam. A wannan yanayin, tushe an binne ga cotyledons. Sannan a nan gaba marigolds zasuyi kama da kara karfi da karfi. A ƙarshen Mayu, tushen tsarin zai inganta sosai da ƙarfi kuma zai rufe dunƙule dunƙule. Bayan dumama kasar gona, ana shuka seedlings a shafin. Nisa'ance ya dogara da tsayin nau'ikan daban-daban kuma shine:
- 10-15 cm na rashin girman kai;
- 20 cm don matsakaici-sized;
- 30-40 cm don tsayi marigolds.
Don yin ba tare da shuka seedlings ba, a cikin rabin na biyu na Afrilu, ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi a cikin layuka zuwa zurfin kusan 3 cm. An rufe su da ƙasa kuma ana shayar dasu. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanaki 5-7. Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ne kuma suna taɗaɗawa don kula da nisa da ake buƙata.
Kulawar waje
Haske mai haske yana da matukar mahimmanci ga marigolds, saboda haka ana dasa su a wuraren da ba a buɗe, ba rana. Tsire-tsire ba zai mutu a cikin inuwa m kuma ko da a cikin inuwa mai zurfi ba, duk da haka, za su daina yin fure kwata-kwata. A kasar gona ya kamata sako-sako da kuma gina jiki. Amsauka tare da acidity tsaka-tsaki suna dacewa sosai.
Babban bangare na kulawa yau da kullun shine shayarwa na yau da kullun. Yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, kafin bayyanuwar furanni. Sannan a hankali a rage ban ruwa don hana yaduwar ruwa a asalinsu.
A ƙasa mai kyau na adalci, takin zamani na iya watsar da shi gaba ɗaya. Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire sau 2-3 a kakar tare da ma'adinin ma'adinai ko maganin mullein.
Matasan bushes suna buƙatar ciyawar yau da kullun da kuma kwance ƙasa. A farkon haɓaka, sun sha wahala musamman saboda yawan ciyayi, kuma ɓawon burodi a farfajiya yana hana iska zuwa Tushen.
Bayan wilting, an yanke furanni don kula da ado na plantings. Wannan hanyar ta hana kwayar kamun kai. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da harbe suka girma sosai, karin aski mai saurin gaske zai taimaka wajen inganta bayyanar fure. Tare da shi, har zuwa rabin dukkanin hanyoyin ana cire su. Ba da daɗewa ba sabon harbe kore zai bayyana kuma fure zai ci gaba.
A cikin yanayi mai zafi, marigolds basu iya tsira lokacin hunturu, saboda haka dukkan nau'ikan suna girma kamar shekara. A ƙarshen kaka, ba ma'ana don rufe tsire-tsire. An yanke bushewar bushewa, an kuma tona wurin, ana shirya sabon lambun fure.
Cututtukan suna shafar marigolds mai wuya kuma kawai tare da keta tsarin fasahar noma. A cikin ɓangaren ƙasa na shuka ya ƙunshi babban adadin maras tabbas, waɗanda ke lalata naman naman gwari da tare da kwari. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ne suka haifar da ƙanshin takamaiman ƙanshin. Daga cikin mafi yawan parasites masu ba da haushi, ana rarrabe ƙananan gizo-gizo. Hakanan, tarkoki da katantanwa na iya tsayawa a cikin maɗauri.
Amfani da kayan ado
Marigolds zai mamaye babban matsayi a cikin kowane fure. Dogaro da tsayin nau'ikan, an ƙaddara su a cikin tsakar gida ko tsakiyar ƙasa. Hakanan, furanni za'a iya amfani dasu don iyakokin wurin, dasa shuki tare da gine-gine kuma a cikin hanyar haɗin kai. Dole a ɗaure matakan manyan nau'ikan don kada su ɓoye hanyar.
Marigolds suna da kyau sosai a cikin shuka guda ɗaya, amma zaka iya amfani dasu a cikin lambun fure mai hade. An haɗe su tare da petunia, juniper, jaundice, alissum. Za'a iya amfani da nau'ikan ƙaramin tsiro don dasa shuki a baranda da baranda. Manya sun dace da yankan da kuma abubuwan ban mamaki a cikin abubuwan da aka tattara na bouquet.
Marigolds galibi ana shuka su a cikin lambu, tsakanin gadaje na kabeji, cucumbers da sauran kayan lambu. Specificayyadadden ƙanshinsu da ke gurɓata ƙwayoyin cuta.
Magungunan magani da contraindications
Ana amfani da ganyayyaki da furanni Marigold ba kawai don dalilai na ado da kayan gida ba. A wasu ƙasashe, suna hidimar kayan yaji da magani. Babban abun ciki na mai mai, flavonoids, phytoncides, bitamin, micro da macro abubuwan da ke sa shuka ta kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin maganin mutane.
Tarin kayan albarkatun ƙasa ana yin su ne a lokacin furanni. An bushe da ƙasa, sannan a yi amfani da shi don shirya kayan ado, ruwa ko infusions.
Magungunan suna da tasiri mai amfani a kan cututtukan fata kuma suna da ikon dakatar da farmakin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan hanji ko bayyanar ciwon sukari. Don lura da tasirin maganin rigakafi na marigolds, ya isa ya ƙara 'yan petals a cikin shayi na yau da kullun yayin yaduwar sanyi. Hakanan, kwayoyi suna da laxative, magani mai guba, antispasmodic, diuretic, ayyukan anthelmintic. An nuna su don marasa lafiya masu hauhawar jini da kuma mutanen da suka isa cikin yanayin tashin hankali.
Tare da amfani da matsakaici na amfani da contraindications, marigolds ba. Ya kamata ku sha kwayoyi tare da taka tsantsan kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan ga mutane masu saurin kamuwa da cuta, da kuma mata masu juna biyu.
