Clematis shine ciyawar fure, creeper ko ciyawa daga dangin Ranunculaceae. Shuka ya bazu ko'ina cikin yanayin zafi da kuma canjin yanayin ƙasa ko'ina a cikin lardin Arewacin Hemisphere. Ya fi son wuraren inuwa, wurare masu laushi, saboda haka ya fi kusanci a kusa da koguna, a cikin gandun daji, wani lokacin kuma a tsakiyar steppe. Tsakanin 'yan lambu, ana kuma sananniyar tsire a matsayin clematis. Ana amfani da Clematis a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi, suna da kyau musamman don ado arbor da trellises. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan suna halin yawancin fure mai haske. Makonni da yawa, shafin an binne wurin da launuka masu haske da ƙamshin turaren filaye waɗanda baƙon abu.
Bayanin Botanical
Clematis dabi'a ce ta perennials tare da tsari mai bambancin yanayi. Lianas ya rinjayi su, amma ciyawa da ciyawa tare da dasawa ko kuma ciyawa. Ranƙan ƙwayar itace itace da fibrous. Matasa harbe an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa haushi. Ta hanyar tsarin, ana iya zagaye su ko kuma kama. A farfajiya akwai keɓaɓɓen tari mai tarin yawa. Tsawon harbe ya kai 10 m, kuma diamita kawai 25 mm.
An haɗu da kishiyar haɓakar ɗan itacen yana girma tare da tsawon tsawon hanyoyin. Zai iya zama duka, dabino ko cirse tare da m gefuna. Launin ganyayyaki yawanci kore ne, amma ana samun nau'ikan furanni masu launin shuɗi.
Clematis yawanci fure a bazara. Furanni na Bisexual suna girma da keɓe ko tattara a cikin garkuwa, ƙyallen fuloti da ƙananan umara. Bals mai fure a cikin corolla suna cikin yanki 4-8, kuma a nau'in nau'in terry na iya kaiwa har zuwa 70. A zahiri, furewar sepals ce. Sun samo fari, shuɗi, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, shuɗi ko shuɗi mai launi. Sau da yawa akwai gudana ko ragunan ruwa a farfajiya. Babban maɗaukaki ya ƙunshi babban adadi na bakin ciki mai inuwa mai bambanci. Partangare na stamens yana canzawa kuma yayi kama da tsarin mai fasalin nau'ikan fure. Kowane fure yana wuce sati 3. Maanshin sa yana da wahala sosai, yana da bayanin jasmine, almond da kayan ƙanshi. Bayan pollination, achenes ko tushen mai yawa suna haɓaka tare da stylodia (gashin gashi).
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Akwai nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan 300 a cikin tsirran shuka. Yawancinsu suna da nau'ikan kayan ado da yawa. Botanists suna ba da rarrabuwa iri-iri na waɗannan tsirrai bisa ga wurin da buds suka bayyana, gwargwadon girman furanni da sauran sigogi.
Clematis Jacquman. Groupungiyoyi iri-iri, wanda aka nuna shi ta hanyar katako mai laushi, harbe mai sassauƙawa 4-6 m a tsawon. Ganyayyaki Cirrus, ya ƙunshi sassan 3-5, girma akan su. An shirya furanni masu tsayi ko guda ɗaya ko a cikin rukuni na kusan 3. Ba sa jin ƙanshi kuma suna iya samun kowane launi banda fari. Dudduran furen ya kai cm 8-20.
- Rouge Cardinal - harbe mai sassauci har zuwa tsawon m 2.5 an rufe shi da furen firiji sau uku da furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da diamita na 15 cm;
- Tauraruwar Indiya - wani ɗan itace har zuwa 3 m high tare da m lobed ganye blooms mai haske m manyan furanni.
Clematis yana ƙonewa. Itacen inabi mai banƙyama ya girma 4-5 m a tsayi. Tana da ganyayyaki marasa kyau wadanda suke da lobes da yawa. Furanni na fure a watan Yuni-Agusta. Suna fenti fararen fata, suna da kunkuntar furanni kuma mai girman santimita 2-3. An tattara ƙananan allunan a cikin manyan abubuwan ƙoshin wuta. Yawancin furanni "Miss Bateman" suna fure furanni mai dusar ƙanƙara mai duhu tare da daskararren shuɗi mai duhu sau biyu a shekara.
Clematis Manchu. Plantan itace da ke daɗaɗɗen itace yana tsayayya da sanyi, amma yana buƙatar kyakkyawan haske. Shootsaƙƙasasshen harbe-rikice, mara jinkirin da ya tashi ya girma 1.5-3 m tsawon. Ganyayyaki masu haske mai haske tare da gefuna masu launin shuɗi kaɗan a cikin girman. A lokacin rani, duk ganye suna ɓoye ta wasu kananan furanni masu launin tauraruwa masu launi da ƙamshi mai daɗi, mai daɗi.
Clematis na Tangut. Bishiyar da aka harba tare da kafaffun kafa, drooping harbe a ƙarshen. A cikin al'ada, zai iya kai mita 3 a tsayi. Hianƙan yanayi yana da ma'ana, kuma harbe-harbe sun yi lahani. Cikakken pinnate ganye tare da m sassan suna da launin koren launi mai haske. Suna girma da wuya. Furen fure mai nau'in tulip mai launin shuɗi yana da rawaya ko filayen beige. Dansu diamita shine 35-40 mm. Kowane fure yana a kan shinge mai tsayi.
Clematis mai launin shuɗi ne. M harbe har zuwa 3.5 m tsawo an rufe furannin furanni. Yawancin suna jan hankali tare da manyan furanni (10-20 cm a diamita). A cikin launi na furanni akwai launuka daban-daban na shunayya. Iri:
- Ruhun Yaren mutanen Poland - mai tushe tsawon m 4 an rufe shi da Corollas mai launin shuɗi kusan 8 cm a diamita;
- Ville de Lyon - liana tare da harbe-harben da aka dasa tare da manyan furanni suna haifar da babban daji tare da lobed ko ganyayyaki duka kuma fure furanni manyan carmine (10-15 cm) tare da stamens mai haske.
Clematis flowery Abubuwan da aka yanke wa furanni har zuwa 3 a tsawo a lokacin rani an rufe su da manyan furanni masu ƙanshi. Kayan cinikinsu haske ne mai ruwan hoda mai launi. Popular iri:
- Furen Vivian - tare da furanni na Lilac mai ban sha'awa tare da diamita na 12-15 cm;
- Comtess de Busho - shuka mai sannu a hankali tare da harbe har zuwa 4 m a tsayi, blooms manyan fure-fure-fure;
- Purpurea bauta elegans - mai haske ruwan hoda densely terry furanni.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Clematis na iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da kuma ciyayi. Yankin iri shine ya dace da jinsin dabbobi, tsire-tsire masu kananan ruwa. Iri daban-daban sun banbanta da girman iri:
- mafi ƙaramin tsiro mai matukar kyau cikin makonni 2-8;
- harbe-matsakaici bayan watanni 1.5-6;
- manyan, kyawawan tsire-tsire marasa kwari sun bayyana a tsakanin watanni 1.5-8.
Ana shuka ƙananan tsaba a farkon bazara, kuma mafi girma a watan Disamba ko a baya. An yi shawarar farko don shuka seedlings. Shuka tsiro yana soyayy na kwanaki 7-10 a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, wanda aka canza sau da yawa a rana. An samar da amfanin gona a cikin akwati mai m tare da cakuda peat, yashi da ciyawar lambu. An rufe su zuwa zurfin 5-10 mm. An rufe akwati da fim kuma a kiyaye shi da zazzabi na + 25 ... + 30 ° C. Lokaci-lokaci feshin ƙasa kuma bar iska ta shiga cikin iska. Tare da fitowar seedlings, haske mai walƙiya yana da mahimmanci. Lokacin da seedlings girma 2 real ganye, suna dured in daban tukwane. A bude ƙasa dasa ne da za'ayi a farkon lokacin rani. Da farko, ana sanya clematis a kan gado na horo a wuri mai inuwa tare da nisan 15-20 cm. An fiɗa firam ɗin harbe a kai a kai. Ana buƙatar tsari mai aminci don hunturu. A cikin bazara, ana aiwatar da juyawa na gaba, yana ƙaruwa da nisa zuwa 50 cm. Lokacin da yake shekaru 2-3, seedlings suna shirye don dasawa a cikin dindindin.
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar farashi yana da inganci. Ana amfani dashi a lokacin rani da damina. Kodayake yadudduka rani na haɓaka da sauri, amma suna ɓarnatar da muni. Ya kamata a cire farfajiyar zuwa koda mafi kusa. A ƙasa, yi tsagi tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer na peat kuma gyara reshe tare da tsawon tsawon. Daga sama an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma an cakuda. Tare da farko na yanayin sanyi, an daɗe da daji sosai. Matasa sun fito a cikin bazara, kuma da kaka shuka za su sake zama gabaɗaya kuma za su kasance a shirye don rabuwa. Harkar tono ana yin shi da cokali mai yatsa don kada ya lalata tushen mai saurin lalacewa.
Za'a iya raba busassun thean shekaru 6-7 years zuwa sassa da yawa. Tsofaffin rhizomes sun yi yawa, wanda yake yana da sauƙin lalacewa. A cikin bazara, an dasa ciyayi gaba ɗaya, an 'yanta shi daga ƙasa kuma a yanka a cikin yankan tare da wuka ko kuma keɓewa. Kowane sashi ya kamata yana da kodan da yawa a cikin yankin tushen wuyan.
Kuna iya yada clematis tare da yankan itace. Saboda wannan, kore ko kuma rabin-lignified harbe tare da 2-3 knots ana yanka a lokacin bazara da bazara. Ana kula da ƙananan sashin tare da haɓakar mai haɓaka (Epin, Kornevin). Rooting zai fi dacewa a yi a cikin takaddara ta musamman tare da zafi mai zafi sosai, ta amfani da spwararrun hazo na musamman. Ya kamata iska ya zama + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ba a yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
Kulawar waje
Dasa clematis ana yin sa a cikin bazara ko kaka, kafin lokacin sanyi. Yana da kyau a zaɓi seedlings tare da tushen rufaffiyar tushe. Idan aka sayi shuka a cikin sanyin sanyi, har sai an sa shuki a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki wanda bai wuce + 5 ° C ba, a cikin kwandon shara tare da sandar rigar ƙasa ko yashi.
Mafi kyawun wurin shuka Clematis shine kyakkyawan lit da takaddun-hujja kusurwar gonar. Rana mai haske zata yi kyau, amma tana da kyau idan inuwa ta fadi cikin lokacin da tsakar rana. Yawan kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa ba wanda ake so bane. Soilasa ta zama sako-sako da wadataccen abinci, tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗano ruwan alkaline. Ingantaccen loam tare da ƙari da lemun tsami.
An haƙa rami rami a nesa na kusan 30 cm daga bangon gidan ko shinge. Nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai yakamata ya zama aƙalla 1. Dole ne a zubar da lokacin farin ciki mai kauri a kasan hutu. Idan ya cancanta, an ƙara yashi da dolomite gari. Ana shawarar Superphosphate nan da nan. Tushen wuyansa da kuma ɓangaren gangar jikin zuwa farkon internode ana saukar da su ƙasa ƙasa.
Kulawa na yau da kullun ya haɗa da shayarwa na yau da kullun. Tsawon lokaci fari shine wanda ba a ke so don clematis. A cikin zafi mai zafi, kowane kwanaki 2-3, ana saukar da bokiti na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji.
Ruwa na ƙasa yana bushewa a kai a kai kuma ciyayi daga ciyayi. Don yin wannan ƙasa sau da yawa, ana bada shawara ga ciyawa da'irar akwati tare da gansakuka ko ganye na humus.
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, ba a buƙatar takin mai magani ba. Daga baya ana ciyar da abinci tare da mahaɗan ma'adinai. Kafin buds bayyana, an gabatar da bayani na takin potassium, kuma a ƙarshen fure, takin phosphorus. A cikin bazara, ana shayar da ƙarin bushes tare da bayani na gari dolomite ko lemun tsami. Don hana naman gwari tsiro a yayin tsawan yanayi, ana kula da da'irar da harbe tare da katako. Ba a son amfani da peat da kwayoyin.
Don kiyaye amintaccen liana a tsaye, ya zama dole a yi amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa na gado, dala da kuma nau'ikan siffar. A hankali, harbe ya zama nauyi sosai, don haka ya kamata a yi amfani da tallafi tare da diamita zuwa 10 mm.
Pinging yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, yana ba ka damar kasancewa kyakkyawa na dogon lokaci kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar ƙarin buds. Ana aiwatar da aikin gyaran gashi a lokacin rani, bayan fure. Tsire-tsire waɗanda ke tsiro da furanni a farkon harbe an cire wani ɓangaren tsohuwar da raunin tafiyar matakai. Ananan launuka waɗanda furanni waɗanda ke fitowa a ko'ina a kan tsofaffin matasa da furanni suna yanke zuwa girman 50-100 cm. Clematis tare da furanni kawai a kan kore harbe an yanka kadan a sau da yawa a shekara, kuma a ƙarshen kakar an yanke su a ƙasa.
A cikin kaka, an cire ragowar daga goyon baya da juya, kuma an rufe shi da ganye mai bushe, rassan spruce da kumfa polystyrene. Daga sama, an daidaita matsuguni tare da kayan da ba a saka ba kuma an murƙushe shi da tubalin. A farkon bazara, ya zama dole don cire tsari kuma daidaita harbe.
Clematis ya tabbata sosai. Da wuya su sha wahala daga cututtuka. Babban haɗarin shine cututtukan fungal (wilting, mildew powdery, tsatsa, launin toka). Nan da nan bayan gano cutar, kuna buƙatar yanke sassan lalacewar ƙasa kuma ku lalace. Ragowar tsire-tsire ana kula da su tare da Fundazol. A cikin parasites, mafi hatsari nematodes. Lokacin da cutar, shuka tare da dunƙule na ƙasa an lalace. Mites, thrips da midges kuma zasu iya daidaitawa, wanda daga maganin kashe kwari.
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Godiya ga kambi mai yawa da fure mai yawa, clematis ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu zanen fili. An yi amfani da shi sosai don aikin lambu na tsaye, adon baka, arbor, ado gine-ginen gona da shinge. Hakanan za'a iya shimfiɗa shi a ƙasa, kamar faranti mai haske, mai yawa. Kamfanin clematis a cikin lambu na iya yin viburnum, Jasmin, conifers, peonies, spirea, izgili.
