'Ya'yan innabi su ne kaɗai shuka da gabaɗayan karatun kimiyya - ampelography. Godiya ga nasarorin da ta samu, masu lambun suna da damar zaɓan wacce ta dace da yanayin canjin yankin kuma shine ɗanɗano daga babban adadin nau'in innabi mai illa da iri. Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan matasan masu ba da alama tare da irin waɗannan halaye za a iya kira Don Dawns inabi.
Tarihin Don Dawn iri-iri
Don Dawns (GF I-2-1-1) wani nau'in innabi ne na zaɓin Rasha, wanda aka ƙaddamar a ƙarshen karni na 20 a Cibiyar Viticulture mai suna bayan Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk). An kirkiro wannan tsari sakamakon hadadden tsabtatawa iri dake innabi:
- Tsarin matasan na Kostya (I-83/29);
- Arkady (Nastya);
- Fairy (Lyudmila).
Don wayewa - sakamakon ƙetare nau'in innabi da yawa
Ya kamata a lura da 'ya'yan inabi I-2-1-1 ba a cikin Rijistar Jiha na nasarorin da aka zaɓa an ba da damar amfani da shi ba, saboda haka za'a iya kiran shi da yanayi daban-daban.
Inabi Don Dawns ana daukar shi a matsayin silar samar da ingantacciyar hanya, wacce ta zama yaɗuwa a duk yankuna na Rasha, gami da Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, saboda haɓakar farkon da unpretentiousness.
Halaye iri-iri
Iri-iri Donskoy Zori yana da daji mai tsami, matsakaici- ko ƙaƙƙarfan daji, wanda aka san shi da ƙimar girma na musamman. Gungu suna da bayyanar kyakkyawa, kuma berriesan itacen yana da ɗanɗano mai jituwa tare da ɗan ƙanƙanuwa. Istswararrun masana-masu ɗanɗano abin yabo sun ɗanɗano ɗanɗano kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa na wannan nau'in - maki 8.2.
Abubuwan berries na Donskoy Zory suna da yawa, ƙarancin nauyi shine 5 g, matsakaicin shine 10 g
Tebur: fasali na asali na Don Dawn matasan
| Bar | Manyan, waƙoƙi a gefuna, launi zai iya bambanta daga koren haske zuwa kore. |
| Inabi | Babban, dadi, sikelin-conical siffar. Yawan taro shine 700-900 g. |
| Tsarin Berry, girma da nauyi | Siffar m Tsawon - kimanin 28 mm, nisa - kimanin 21 mm. Weight - 6-7.5 g .. Launi fari ne-mai ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda. Fata na bakin ciki ne, kusan ba a iya lura da shi lokacin cin abinci. |
| Ku ɗanɗani | Abun sukari na berries - 21.7 g / 100 ml, acidity - 7.8 g / l. Ana ɗauka iri-iri a matsayin "tara kuɗi", wato, yana sauri yana samun abun cikin sukari kuma yana asarar acid ɗin ruwan 'ya'yan itace. |
| Launin innabi | Ya dogara da haske. Idan rana tayi yawa, itace zata girka. Idan goge ya kasance a cikin inuwa na ganyayyaki, to 'ya'yan itacen na iya mara tabo kuma za su kasance da launin kore. |
Wannan innabi yana cikin nau'ikan farkon lokacin ripening - kwanaki 105-110. Ana iya girbi girbi a ƙarshen watan Agusta - kwanakin farko na Satumba (ya danganta da yanayin). Busharamin daji ya fara ba da 'ya'ya tun shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki. Kurangar inabi tana ta cika da kyau kuma da adalci. Idan babu sanyi da ruwan sama mai yawa, matattara masu rassa na iya ci gaba da zama a daji har zuwa farkon Oktoba.
Lokacin sake rubutun, berries na iya zama cikakke.
Barfafawa akan wayewar Don daji an yi su kusan iri ɗaya a sifa da girma kuma suna iya kaiwa nauyin kilogram
Siffar innabi I-2-1-1 tana jan hankali tare da matakin yawan aiki: yawan haihuwa kowane gungu shine 65-70%, matsakaicin adadin gungumen kowane itace mai harbi shine 1.2-1.4.
Furannin wannan innabi suna da aikin bisexual, saboda haka babu buƙatar shuka iri iri da ke kusa da nan kusa. Pollination yana tafiya da kyau, ba a buƙatar matakan inganta shi.
Inabarin Don Dawns ya tashi a farkon Yuni zuwa tsakiyar Yuni, amma, takamaiman lokacin ya dogara da jimlar yanayin zafi a ciki
Daji yana da juriya mai sanyi har zuwa -24 0C, amma duk da haka, wannan nau'ikan yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu, kamar yadda yawancin masu shayarwa suka lura da daskarewa harbe 'ya'yan itace ba tare da rufi na musamman ba.
Ofaya daga cikin halayen Don Dawns inabi shine matsakaiciyar juriyarsu ga cutar mildew, da kuma rashin rigakafi ga oidium (alamun cutar: ƙonewar ganye, kasancewar aibobi launin toka a kansu, launin ruwan kasa a kan itacen inabi, bayyanar ƙira a kan tafiyar matakai). Kuna iya yin yaki da wannan cuta tare da taimakon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta colloidal, har ma da Bayleton, Topaz, Skor.
Idan oidium ya lalace, girbin Don alfijir ya mutu
Wani mummunan fasalin Don ƙwanƙwasa shine yawan lalacewa na berries a cikin bunch. Wannan yana faruwa mafi yawan lokuta bayan ruwan sama mai karfi ko tare da tsananin cikawar buroshi tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A farkon lamari, wanke bunch tare da Farmayodom bisa ga umarnin yana ceton daga launin toka. A lamari na biyu, rarar amfanin gona na lokaci ya taimaka.
Tsarin matasan Don Dawns yana da kyakkyawar jituwa tare da nau'in innabi da yawa kuma suna iya aiki azaman jari ko talla don alurar riga kafi. Wannan kayan yana da tasirin gaske game da yawan amfanin gonar. A saukake ta hanyar yaduwar itace, wanda cikin sauri yake ɗauka.
Daya daga cikin halaye masu inganci na nau'in I-2-1-1 shine cewa fashewar berries a lokacin shigar ruwa ba yawanci ake lura dashi ba. Wasps da tsuntsaye ba su cutar da amfanin gona saboda laushi da fata na roba, wanda kusan ba a jin shi lokacin cin abinci.
A safarar 'ya'yan itacen a cikin iri-iri ne matsakaita. Mafi kyawun zaɓi na sufuri shine gungu waɗanda aka shimfiɗa a cikin kwalaye a cikin ɗaya Layer.
Tebur: ab advantagesbuwan amfãni, da rashin amfanin grapesan innabi Don Dawns
| Fa'idodin Grade | Bambancin Rashin Gashi |
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Fasali na namo nau'in innabi Don Dawns
Domin daji ya sami ikon nuna cikakken ikon sa, ana buƙatar mai gonar ya lura da ka'idodin ka'idodin dasa da kula da itacen inabi.
Dokoki don dasa daji
Lokacin zabar wani shafi don Don Dawns, wajibi ne don la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan:
- 'Ya'yan inabi suna son zafi da rana, kuma a cikin inuwa girma na daji yana raguwa, yawan ƙwayoyin zazzagewa, yawan' ya'yan itacen da yake fitarwa;
- daji ba ya yarda da abubuwan da aka tsara, yana buƙatar kariya daga iska;
- ba ya yarda da stagnation na ruwa;
- baya jure zafi: a zazzabi sama +38 0C shukawa mai girma hanawa, kuma a zazzabi na +45 C kuma mafi girma, ƙonewa ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, da berries bushe fitar da inabi inabi.
Sabili da haka, kudanci, gefen da ba a daidaita shi ba, wanda aka tsara daga iska tare da gado mai zurfi na ruwan karkashin kasa, wuri ne mai kyau don dasa daji. Tun da inabi na Don Dawns sau da yawa suna da daji mai tsayi, ya kamata a sanya su a cikin wannan hanyar don samun damar kyauta don ban ruwa a gaba, aiki da kuma pruning.
Yanayin zamani da hanyar dasa shuki ya dogara da yanayin wannan yanki. A wajen kudu, ana yin ciyawar noman rani da damina, a arewa kuma a tsakiyar ana yin sa ne kawai a lokacin bazara.
Bambancin Don Dawns ya dace sosai don namo a yankuna tare da ɗan gajeren bazara. Berries suna da lokaci don yin ripen kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.
Mafi kyawun dabarar dasa shine dasa shuki a cikin rami na dasa shuki. Zabi da zurfin ramin an zaɓi shi gwargwadon ƙimar ƙasa. Girman shawarar da aka ba da shawarar:
- akan chernozem - 60x60x60 cm;
- a kan loam - 80x80x80 cm;
- a cikin yashi - 100x100x100 cm.
Dole ne a shirya rami saukowa a gaba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana yin wannan a cikin fall: sun tono rami, shirya magudanar ruwa, kuma suna amfani da takin gargajiya
Nisan da aka ba da shawarar tsakanin bushes shine 150-200 cm. Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da daji da ruwa mai ɗumi kuma a haɗe zuwa goyon baya.
A cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi na "arewa viticulture", ana yin sa koyaushe don shuka nau'in innabi farkon a cikin gidajen kora ko a tsaunuka masu tsayi. Wadannan hanyoyin dasa shuki na iya inganta dumamar kasar gona da hanzarta ciyawar tsiro.
Bidiyo: gonar inabin inabi a cikin gidan kore
Nasihun Kulawa
Kulawa da daji ya hada da wadannan hanyoyin:
- Watse. Intensarfin ya dogara da sauyin yanayi da yanayin yanayi. A kan matsakaita, da za'ayi sau ɗaya a wata, amma ban da lokacin furanni. Ya kamata ruwa ya yi ɗumi. Mafi kyau duka shine ban ruwa na ruwa.
Ruwayar ban ruwa yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau ga inabi, riƙe da kullun matakin zafi ba tare da sauƙaƙewa ba
- Yanawa da kuma weeds ciyawa. Wadannan hanyoyin ana aiwatar dasu bayan kowace ban ruwa.
- Yin kamshi da pruning na daji. Sau da yawa, masu shayarwar giya don nau'ikan Don Dawns suna amfani da ginin fan. Yana sauƙaƙe kulawar shuka da girbi. Ana buƙatar datsa akai-akai. Abun ɗauka akan daji ya kamata ya zama idanun 45-50.
- Ana gudanar da kwallin na bazara ne kafin ya kwarara ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda zai cire danshi da sanyi.
- A watan Agusta, ana aiwatar da ma'adinai, yankan vines zuwa ganye na al'ada, saboda haka shuka zai riƙe abubuwan gina jiki da suka zama dole don hunturu.
- Ana yin huda a cikin kaka bayan faɗuwar ganye kuma ya ƙunshi cire duk harbe-harben matasa sama da rabin mitsi daga ƙasa da kuma rage daga baya da ƙananan harbe zuwa buds 3-4, yana barin idanu 8 a saman.
- Manyan miya. An ba da shawarar aiwatar da shi kowane wata, ta amfani da takin zamani.
- Yin rigakafin Cuta Don hana bayyanar cututtukan fungal, za a iya kula da daji tare da sulfate ko ruwa na Bordeaux sau biyu ko sau uku a lokacin girma.
- Kariyar sanyi. Don wayewar gari sigar murfi ce iri iri, duk da bayyana juriya sanyi. Bayan faduwar ganye, an cire vines daga kayan tallafi kuma an nannade da kayan musamman (alal misali, fiberglass). An haɗa ɓangaren basal tare da rassan coniferous, ba sau da yawa tare da bambaro.
Tsarin innabi ya ceci harbe da tushen daga daskarewa
Sake Gani
Da kaina, Ban ci karo da wannan innabi iri-iri. Amma taƙaita halayen masu shaye-shaye game da shi, Ina son in lura cewa ra'ayinsu ya bambanta dangane da fannin namo. Don haka, yawancin “yan arewa” da mazauna aji suna magana da gaskiya game da Don Dawns. Suna sha'awar bayyanar da ɗanɗano na berries, waɗanda ke jan hankali zuwa gajeriyar lokacin da suke yin ɗorewa da juriya na daji. Sun kuma lura cewa a cikin wadannan yankuna da tsire-tsire ba safai ake samun cututtuka ba. Lambu na yankuna na kudanci, waɗanda suka sami damar girma girma iri daban-daban na innabi iri, ba su gamsu da Don safiya. A gare su, ɗanɗano na berries yana da tsaka-tsalle da tart, fata yana da tauri. Sun koka da rashin lafiya akai-akai kuma gaskiyar cewa Berry a cikin goga yana murƙushewa kuma ya lalata koda bayan bakin zaren da yawa. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru na' ya'yan itace, yawancinsu daga baya sun sake canza wasu nau'in innabi da ke jikin wannan daji.
A wannan shekara bazararmu tayi sanyi, amma bazara da damina suna da zafi fiye da yadda aka saba. Sakamakon bazara mai dumi, Don Dawns suna da kyau sosai. Sun bar kusan gungu 20, har ma a wasu wurare 2 gungu don tserewa (wanda ba mu saba yi), a ƙarshen watan Agusta ya riga ya yiwu a yanke su. Babu ɗanɗano acid, gungu na har zuwa 800 g, berries na g 8 kowannensu The Gunguran sunada yawa, akan waɗanda ke ƙasa akwai berriesa berriesan itace guda da aka lalata, amma a cikin lokaci. Kuma waɗanda suka rataye mafi girma, har ma sun kasance har zuwa datim. Kawai sun fi kuzari fiye da ƙarfe, suna daɗaɗɗun fenti, kamar yadda ba a taɓa tsammani ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin shekaru 4. A cikin sanyi na 2009 da 2010, itacen inabi ya girma sosai, amma wannan shekara yana da kyau.
Tamara daga Novosibirsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1315&page=2
Haka ne, kyakkyawa da girma, wannan bishiyar, wancan bunchin. Dandano yana da ban sha'awa, mai daɗi da m a cikin yanayi na, amma zaku iya ci. Abin baƙin ciki ne cewa ɗumbin abinci mai ɗaci da berries a cikin rot. Kuma bunch kanta bayan yankan da sauri ta rasa kyawawan halayenta, thean itacen ya zama brown ko ta yaya, tabbas saboda suna da taushi, duk da girman. Karo na biyu kenan da ban shuka ba, duk da kyakkyawan bita da aka yi. Inabi - al'adun wuri da lokaci, Abin takaici, ba yawancin southernan asalin kudu da ke nuna kansu da kyau a cikin yanayi na. Saboda haka, Don Dawns, kamar Beauty na Don, suna ƙarƙashin babbar tambaya
Olga daga Kazan//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1315&page=4
Don gari ya fito, fruiting na biyu, a ƙarshe ya ga gungu na har zuwa gram 800, ruwan sama biyu a ƙarshen Yuli da farkon watan Agusta ya saukar da mummunan lahani - cikakken lalacewar berries a cikin gungu, mai tsananin raini ban da rashin jigilar kayayyaki. Kammalawa - ba GF na ba, don sake tallatawa.
Evgeny Anatolevich//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1315
Muna girma Don Dawns tun 2006. Ba za mu goge ba, saboda da wuri, mai dadi, kyakkyawa, mai daɗi. Domin kusan bamu tsinke wani inabi ba, to DZ baya fasawa. Yana faruwa cewa gungu suna da yawa kuma berries ɗin ta fara yanƙwane. Amma, yawanci a wannan lokacin zaka iya harbe shi. Farkon furanni shine Yuni 14, a cikin duka akwai 20 gungu a kowane daji a cikin 2017, a ƙarshen watan Agusta sukari ya kasance 17%, amma tunda babu acid a ciki, yana da daɗi.
Peganova Tamara Yakovlevna//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=302.0
Don cututtuka, ban sami matsala tare da Don Dawns ba a lokacin da (4 shekaru), shekaru biyu ba tare da wani magani ba kwata-kwata. Berry yana da wuri, a shirye a farkon watan Agusta, amma ... kadan danshi, har ma da ƙazamin guda ɗaya - an fara ... kuma ya tabbata daga mako ɗaya har sai an shirya ... + - 'yan kwanaki ... Ba na son zuwa kowace rana in cire rot.
Lormet//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=351765&highlight=%C4%EE%ED%F1%EA%E8%E5+%E7%EE%F0%E8#post351765
A yau na datse na ƙarshe na Don Dawns Thean itacen sun yi launin sosai, ko da yake ba sau ɗaya ba.Wannan launin ja-ja ya juya, Sugar ya zira ƙwallo, amma ba a faɗi mai daɗi ba.Don yana da sauƙin gaske, ba na son shi sosai. Galbena sani, misali, yanzu ina da zaki mai kyau.
Sergey Donetsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=321245&highlight=%C4%EE%ED%F1%EA%E8%E5+%E7%EE%F0%E8#post321245
Lokacin zabar 'ya'yan itacen innabi don dasa, kula da irin matasan Da Donwns. Yana da fa'idodi da yawa, amma kuma yana da nasarorin. Don kurangar wannan nau'in don yin ado da lambun ku, zai ɗauki ƙoƙari mai yawa, tunda shuka tana buƙatar tsari da kulawa da ta dace.
