Mascot ba sabon abu bane ba ne a gonar inabin kasar nan ba da jimawa ba, wannan nau'in zai juya shekaru talatin. A wani lokaci, ya haifar da rikici tsakanin kwararru saboda takamammen yawan amfaninnsa, sanyi da juriyar cutar. A halin yanzu, ba shine mafi yawan nau'ikan gaye ba, amma wani lokacin yana taka rawar yanke hukunci a cikin kiwo, isar da halayensa masu kyau a cikin namo sababbin nau'in innabi.
Tarihin namo nau'in innabi iri-iri Talisman
Talisman - 'Ya'yan inabi masu alaƙa da nau'in tebur, sakamakon sakamakon giciye ne tsakanin masanan cikin gida na nau'ikan innabi Frumoasa Albe (White Beauty) da Dandano. Wurin asalin matasan shine Novocherkassk, dakin gwaje-gwaje na Cibiyar Nazarin Duk-Rasha na Viticulture da Winemaking mai suna J.I. Potapenko. Yin amfani da nau'ikan Vostorg a matsayin babban "mahaifi" a cikin wannan cibiyar, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin I.A. Kostrikin, yawancin nau'ikan matasan sun lalace, alal misali, Alex, Muscat Delight, Golden Don, Tamerlan, Timur, Talisman, Sashenka da sauransu.
Tare da taimakon Vortorg inabi, an samar da cikakken layi na hybrids tare da kaddarorin kowane ɗanɗano
Dukkanin waɗannan masanan sun kasance masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da su a aikin kiwo mai zuwa. A lokaci guda, ɗayan manyan nau'ikan da ke tabbatar da nasarar duk aikin shekaru masu yawa shine Talisman. Da farko dai, ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai mallakar barikin daskararre da kuma yawan aiki mai kyau, kazalika da alama ce mai yawan amfani. A kan tushen Talisman da wasu keɓaɓɓun 'ya'yan inabin Delight ne aka fara ci gaba a cikin sababbin sababbin iri da kuma yaduwar amfani da su a cikin aikin lambu na mai son. A cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, Cibiyar ta haifar da adadin adadin kayan inabi mara kyau tare da halayen kasuwanci masu girma waɗanda suka sha bamban da dandano, launi da lokaci.
Talisman din da kansa an buge shi a cikin 1990, wato, ya riga ya kasance tsohon tarihi a masana'antar masana'antu da aikin gwanaye.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sami wasu karin suna: Kesha-1, Kesha-Muscat, Super Kesha, da sauransu, don haka wani dan lambu da ba shi da masaniya zai iya rikicewa a cikin wadannan kalmomin. Bugu da kari, akwai ra'ayi cewa wadannan ba magana bane kwata-kwata, kuma duk sunayen da aka lissafa suna nunawa, duk da haka sun yi kama, amma duk da haka nau'ikan nau'ikan sunadarai daban-daban.
An kirkiro mascot ne a sakamakon babban aikin kimiyya da aka sa a gaba don samun nau'ikan innabi mai jure tebur tare da manyan fruitsa fruitsan da ke tsayayya da sanyi da cuta. A yayin wannan aikin, ya sami damar samo manyan-manyan berries masu nauyi zuwa 20 g tare da dandano wanda ba za'a iya kwatanta shi ba da kuma kyakkyawan gabatarwar bunches. Yana yiwuwa a cimma babban maƙasudin: ƙara yawan juriya da cutar rikodin sanyi na waɗannan shekarun (har zuwa -25 ° C). Ana amfani da talisman wajen kiwo sabbin iri.
Koyaya, iri-iri shima yana da wasu abubuwan gurɓatawa, waɗanda a yanzu sun sami nasarar kawo ƙarshen masu siyarwa, da fari - da buƙatar zaɓi pollinators. A halin yanzu, albarku mai ban sha'awa game da iri-iri sun shude, tunda da yawa sababbin fayiloli sun bayyana waɗanda ba su da ƙasa da Talisman a cikin girman berries kuma ba su da matsala dangane da yanayin pollination. Koyaya, kamar yadda suke faɗi, “tsohuwar doki ba ta lalata ɓarna”, kuma a cikin aikin zaɓi, inda ake buƙatar sanin duk yanayin halayen, Talisman, a fili, ba ya fuskantar murabus a nan gaba.
Bayanin nau'in innabi iri-iri Talisman
'Ya'yan itacen inabi na Talisman suna girma a cikin hanyar dazuzzuka daji, kuma adadin harbe-ƙwayayen' ya'yan itace ya wuce 3/4 na adadin girma na shekara-shekara. Akalla ƙungiyoyi biyu ana kafa su akan kowannensu; tare da mafi girma adadin daga gare su, ya zama dole don tsara bisa ga fruiting domin hana samuwar kananan berries (Peas). Adadin idanu ga kowane ɗan daji yana bada shawarar a kiyaye su a cikin kewayon daga 24 zuwa guda 32.
Abin takaici, ba kowane daji bane zai iya jure wa irin wannan nauyin ba, kuma dole a cire wasu daga cikin bunches din gaba
Mascot yayi girma sosai da sauri, yana kawo farkon amfanin gona shekaru biyu bayan dasa shuki na shekara-shekara na seedling, kuma wani lokacin farkon goge na gaba shekara. Propagated da guda biyu da kuma grafting. Tushen dabbobin suna da girma sosai. Yana dacewa da kowane irin yanayi, ciki har da lokacin bazara mai sanyi. Ba ku ji tsoron hunturu na Rasha na tsakiya na yau da kullun ba, amma yawan zafin jiki shine -25 game daC har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a gare shi, saboda haka a yawancin yankuna yana buƙatar tsari mai sauƙi don hunturu. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, ya ƙara juriya ga cututtukan haɗari mafi kyau na gonar inabin: mildew, launin toka mai tsami da oidium.
Yawancin shine matsakaici a farkon: yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 4 daga farkon lokacin girma zuwa ripening na farkon berries, wato, tumatir ya girma a yawancin wurare ba a farkon farkon Satumba ba. Ba su buƙatar cirewa cikin gaggawa kuma suna iya kasancewa cikin sauƙi a daji har sai sanyi na farko, yayin da ingancin berries ba ya tabarbarewa. A iri-iri ne sosai samar da gwaggwabar riba. Babban hasara na Talisman shine cewa ya ƙunshi furanni tsakanin jinsi ɗaya kawai: mace. Saboda haka, don samun amfanin gona na yau da kullun a kusa, dole ne a dasa shukar daji ta inabi tare da nau'in fure na namiji a kusa.
Kishmish - 342, Aleshenkin, Augustin suna dauke da kyawawan pollinators. A cikin irin wannan kamfani, yawan pollination a cikin talakawa na iya zama kusan 100%, amma a cikin shekaru masu kyau da yanayin furanni yana da kyau a yi ƙarin pollination na wucin gadi.
Daya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin Talisman shine babban gunbinsa. Matsakaicin matsakaita yana ɗaukar kimanin kilogram. A cikin shekaru talakawa kuma tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, an tattara berries a cikin tarin yawa na matsakaici, amma wani lokacin ana samun ƙarin samfurori masu kwance. Game da yanayin pollination na al'ada, siffarsu tana kusan zuwa conical. Bunches da berries ana kiyaye su sosai yayin sufuri.
Berriesan itacen Talisman suna da girma sosai, siffarsu kyakkyawa ce, tsayinsa ya kai mm 35, faɗi ya ɗan ragu. Weight yana daga 12 g kuma sama, har zuwa g 20. Launi fari ne, mai launin shuɗi. A lokacin cikakken ripening, a gefe suna fuskantar rana, da berries saya da yellowish tan. Farin launi abu ne na halitta don ire-ire;
A rana, farin inabi ya zama amber
A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m, yana da kyau innabi dandano, tare da cikakken ripening, ana sha'awar wani ƙanshi mai narkewa ƙanshi mai narkewa. Kwasfa yana da bakin ciki, idan aka cinye shi, ba a jin 'ya'yan inabi. Abun sukari yana da girma sosai, yana kama daga 17 zuwa 24%, yawan acidity bai wuce 8 g / l ba. Don haka, Talisman tebur ne mai yawan ruwan inabin duniya: ana iya cinye shi duka sabo ne da aiki.
Halin iri-iri na innabi iri-iri Talisman
Don ba da haƙiƙanin halayyar kurangar inabi, kuna buƙatar tunanin duk mahimman fa'ida da rashin amfanin duka gungu da berries, da kuma daji gabaɗaya, don tantance matsalolin da ke tattare da haɓakar inabi da samun babban amfanin. A bayyane yake, ƙimar da babu makawa da Talisman ta fi rashin ƙarfi na dangi. Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni sune kamar haka:
- high kuma barga gaba daya yawan aiki;
- babban-itace da babban taro na gungu;
- babban dandano tare da takamaiman ƙanshin muscat;
- wahala-free hawa;
- amincin amfanin gona duka a cikin tsari da kuma a daji na dogon lokaci;
- babban juriya sanyi;
- 'yar tsinkayar cutar mugunta;
- kyakkyawan rooting of cuttings;
- babban damar iya daidaitawa ga yanayi iri-iri da yanayin ƙasa.
Muhimmin koma baya, muna sake maimaitawa, shine buƙatar sake kafa pollinators. Amma akwai wasu, marasa mahimmanci. Don haka, mahimmanci (ko ba haka ba?) Rashin dacewar nau'ikan Talisman:
- kasancewar furanni mata ne kawai, suna buƙatar kasancewar shukar daji na kusa da furanni tare da furanni na namiji ko ƙwayar ƙwayar wucin gadi.
- da bukatar rarrashi amfanin gona ta hanyar cire adadin adadin adadin masu wuce haddi;
- mai saukin kamuwa zuwa wasps da ƙaho;
- da bukatar dogon girki daga itacen inabi saboda da yawa girma girma daga cikin harbe;
- buƙatar samar da babban yanki na iko da kayan aiki musamman dindindin trellis.
Ta yaya shawo kan abubuwan da muka ambata a baya suke, yin hukunci ga kowane mai sha giya. Babu shakka, ta hanyar amfani da ƙarin ƙoƙari da ƙoƙari, matsalolin da ke sama an warware su gaba ɗaya. Tabbas, kimiyya ba ta tsaya cak ba, sababbin nau'ikan suna bayyana kowace shekara, amma babu cikakkiyar matsala ba, kuma ba makawa zasu iya bayyanar. A halin yanzu, yan koyo waɗanda suka shuka iri-iri na Talisman a cikin gonakin inabin su basa neman kawar dashi.
Bidiyo: girbin Mascot akan bushes
Siffofin dasa shuki da nau'in innabi iri na Talisman
Dangane da fasahar dasawa da fasahar girke-girke na daji, Talisman ba ya bambanta da yawancin nau'in innabi. Wasu fasalulluka suna da alaƙa da hauhawar girma da harbe - kuma sau da yawa - ɗaukar nauyin 'ya'yansu da yawa. Ana iya yaduwar iri-iri ta hanyar irin nasa itace (rooting yana gab da kusan kashi 90%), amma yawancin masu shayarwa sun yi imanin cewa yafi cin gajiyar sa ta dasa shuki na wasu nau'ikan akan bishiyar perennial. Babban yankin da kowane yanki na itacen inabin Talisman ya ke buƙata shima yana buƙatar nisan nisa zuwa bushes na kusa da shi ko wasu tsire-tsire: yakamata ya zama akalla mita 3, kuma zai fi dacewa 4.
Duk da cewa iri-iri na iya girma a kowane yanayi, don samun babban amfanin, babban abin shine a bawa bushes iyakar adadin zafin da zafin rana. Ta dalilin wannan dokar ne ya kamata ka zaɓi wurin da zai sauka. Wataƙila babu ma'ana a cikin bayanin dalla-dalla game da cikakkiyar dabarar dasa itacen ɓaure: a lokacinmu, samun kayan kan wannan batun ba shi da wahala. Kamar yawancin nau'ikan, Talisman zai yi girma mafi kyau akan ƙwallan chernozem, amma kowane ɗayan ya dace idan an shirya shi da kyau da takin.
Girman ramin dasawa bazai zama babba sosai ba, daga 60 cm a duka girma, amma duk yankin da za'a dasa nan gaba (mita 2-3 a kowane bangare) yakamata a haɗe a gaba kuma ya sami yaduwar humus, ash itace da takin ma'adinan hadaddun. A kan kasa mai nauyi, magudanar ruwa wajibi ne a cikin ramin, kuma a cikin yankuna masu bushewa bututu don shayar da daji zuwa kasan ramin a farkon shekarun rayuwarsa. Mafi kyawun ranar shuka shine rabin na biyu na Afrilu, amma a kudu zaka iya shuka a watan Oktoba.
Kula da fruiting bushes ya ƙunshi shayarwa, kayan miya, m kwalliyar shara da sauƙi tsari na hunturu. Watering Talisman bukatar yalwatacce, musamman a lokacin m girma na berries. Ya kamata a yi riguna miya a kan lokaci kuma ba tare da kishin da ba dole ba: musamman bai cancanci cin takin nitrogen ba. Amma zaku iya zuba ash mai yawa a ƙarƙashin bushes, wannan shine ɗayan mafi mahimmanci kuma, mafi mahimmanci, takin mai cuta mara lahani.
Duk tsirrai kamar ash, da inabi ba in banda
Mascot yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtukan fungal, sabili da haka, idan an kiyaye shi da kyau, yana buƙatar kawai maganin rigakafi na yau da kullun daga mildew, oidium da daskararrun launin toka.
Dole ne mu magance mummunar ma'amala: lalata ɓarnar gida da rataye gubar ba. Theatan na iya zama ruwa mai daɗi tare da sinadarai mai guba da aka haɗe da shi, amma ba kawai famfo ba ne za su so su sha daga wannan kwalbar! Saboda haka ... Muna kare ripan matattarar tare da grids, halakar da wuraren tattara wasun kuma mu haƙura da wasu asara.
Amma ga pruning, a nan, lalle ne, ga kowane innabi daban-daban da kansa makirci ne mafi kyau duka. A cikin bazara, pruning ya kamata a yi sosai da wuri kuma iyakance ga cire matattu kuma a fili karin harbe. A lokacin rani, ba kwa buƙatar ku ɓata lokaci don watsar da ƙarin harbe-harbe matasa da matakai: wannan ya fi sauƙi a yi fiye da wanda ya rigaya ya zama fitattun harbe. Babban pruning shine kafin a kare bushes na hunturu. Ga Talisman, ba kawai bakin ciki ba, har ma yana da rage rage yin goge baki da kyau: banda idanun 7 sun ragu akan harbe. Bayan wannan, an cire vines daga trellis kuma an rufe shi da kayan haske, mafi kyawu tare da rassan spruce ko rassan pruce. Kuna buƙatar gyara bushes a cikin bazara, kusan a tsakiyar - ƙarshen Maris, tare da farawa a farkon kwanakin dumi.
Nasiha
Ina so in raba abubuwan lura na game da dorewar wannan nau'in. A cikin 2004, an bar daji na Talisman akan tsohuwar rukunin yanar gizon, tunda ba zai yiwu a canza shi ba saboda girman sa mai ban sha'awa. A cikin makwabta ma, 'ya'yan itacen inabi sun “ƙone” da fari, ba kawai gungu ba, har ma ba ganye. Shi kuwa Talisman din, wanda yake kwance a kasa, a karkashin inuwar manyan kararraki uku, ya sami damar samar da wasu 'yan kuliyoyi kuma suna kallo sosai.
Nellie//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=397
Wani abin kallo mai ban sha'awa bisa ga Talisman (watakila wannan shine lamari na) - kodan na farka cikin lokaci kamar wanda aka kamanta su da sauran nau'ikan, sannan kuma suna "daskarewa" kadan. Yayin da sauran nau'ikan ke girma a hankali, Talisman ya "ɓoye" kwanaki da yawa, sannan kuma ya harba harsasai 5-centimita mai ƙarfi.
"Kamyshanin"//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=397
Daga ƙarshen Agusta kuma har zuwa shekaru goma na uku na Satumba, an yi ruwan sama kusan kullum. Yawancin nau'ikan da ke fashe, ba su huda sosai ba, ba su tara sukari ba.Da bambanci, Talisman (ba a shafa shi da oidium ba) bai fashe ba; a tsakiyar tsakiyar Satumba ya sami ingantaccen sukari - ya sayar da kyau a kasuwa. Dole ne a yanke ƙarshen drones a farkon kwanaki goma na Oktoba - an tilasta farkon sanyi a wannan shekara. Kimanin sati biyu kenan har yanzu yana kwance a falo a cikin sito har sai sun ci. Itacen inabi ya farfado sosai.
"Senchin"//www.vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=289
A matasan irin inabi Talisman yana da kyau sosai ɗanɗano na berries, mai yawa da kuma da ake samu akai, hade jure cututtuka, kwari da sanyi. Yana da hasara guda ɗaya: bayan dasa shuki kawai dajin Talisman, bai kamata ku jira lokacin girbi ba, yana buƙatar pollinator. Idan yanayin wurin zai ba da damar dasa shuki da dama daban-daban na iri, Talisman ba zai fusata maigidansa ba.
