Cututtukan Strawberry da kwari: Matsaloli masu yuwuwar aiki, Matsaloli da Matakan rigakafin

Strawberries ko strawberries sune ɗayan shahararrun berries akan filayen lambun 'yan lambu na Rasha. Masu shayarwa sun shayar da nau'ikan nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda ke bambanta su da kyakkyawan dandano, yawan aiki, haƙuri mai haƙuri, amma babu ɗayansu da ke da kariya daga yawancin cututtuka na al'ada. Suna son strawberries da kwari, wanda ke iya hana mai lambu wani yanki mai mahimmanci ko ma amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake gane matsalar, magance ta da abin da za ku yi don rigakafin.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa tare da haɓaka strawberries

Cututtukan strawberries da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari ta bayyana a cikin hanyoyi da yawa. Wannan alamar iri ɗaya na iya nuna matsaloli daban-daban. Alamar farko ta firgita shine canji a bayyanar tsire-tsire. Wasu lokuta wannan saboda wasu kurakurai ne cikin kulawa, kuma halin da ake ciki ya saba lokacin da aka gyara su. Amma akwai wasu dalilai. Mafi bayyanar cututtuka sune:

• Nika bushe berries. Mafi yawan lokuta wannan yana faruwa ne saboda tsananin zafi da rashi mai yawa. Strawberry wata al'ada ce mai ƙaunar danshi, ciyarwar da ta dace tana da mahimmanci.
• Rashin 'ya'yan itace. Wannan na iya nuna cewa ire-iren nasa suna cikin "weedy", 'ya'yan itace a kan irin wadannan bushes ba su cikin manufa (ba su yi fure ko kadan ko kuma samar da furanni ne kawai). Sauran dalilan da za a iya haifar da tsufa ne ko, musayar, sabbin tsire-tsire, rashi takin zamani, daskarewa da bushes (musamman ba nau'in hunturu-Hardy ba). Idan ƙwayoyin kwayoyi sun bayyana, amma ya bushe kuma ya fado, abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne bayyanar ƙwaro ƙwaro.
• Productarancin aiki, ƙananan berries. Mafi m, wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar matsalolin pollination, musamman idan an girma strawberries a cikin gidan shinkafa. Udan zuma da kukan zuma ba su da ƙarfi a lokacin damuna mai sanyi.
• Ganyen rawaya. Akwai dalilai da yawa game da wannan. Mafi na kowa suna dasa shuki a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye (suna ƙone ganyayyaki), maƙarƙashiyar acidic, rashi mai laushi, rashin abinci mai gina jiki - magnesium (ganye ya rufe da ƙananan rawaya masu launin shuɗi), nitrogen (saya lemun tsami-yellow tint), baƙin ƙarfe (juya rawaya tsakanin veins) . Hakanan za'a iya danganta shi da bayyanar kwari da ke ciyar da ruwan juji - aphids, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Blushing ganye. A ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara da damina, wannan dabi'a ce. A lokacin girma, ana iya haifar da irin wannan inuwa ta karancin potassium ko matsanancin ciyawar da ake shuka.
• Bushewar ganye. Mafi sau da yawa, sanadin shine cututtukan fungal da yawa (duk wani tabo, ƙarshen blight) ko kuma bayyanar kwari (whitefly, strawberry leaf beetle). A cikin tsananin zafi, ganyen ya bushe saboda rashi.
• Curling matasa ganye. Wannan alamar halin halayyar dan adam ce idan jigon strawberry ta kai hari kan shuka.
• 'Ya'yan itatuwa Babban dalilin shine rashi na boron. Hakanan yana iya kasancewa saboda gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire a lokacin fure ya zo a karkashin lokacin dawowar lokacin bazara - mai shan wahala yana shan wahala saboda su.

Hoto a hoto: Alamomin halayyar cututtukan yau da kullun da kwari irin na strawberry

Al'adu-hankula cututtuka da hanyoyin sarrafa su

Yawancin cututtukan da suka shafi strawberries ana lalacewa ta hanyar fungi. Akwai ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke da haɗari ga shuka (mosaic spotting, “maych na tsintsiya” da sauransu). Ba shi yiwuwa a jimre da sababbin hanyoyin zamani. Tsire-tsire masu cutar za a iya haƙa kawai daga gadaje kuma a ƙone su, ta haka ne ake cire tushen kamuwa da cuta.

Farar ƙasa

Abubuwan haske masu haske masu haske suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A hankali, waɗannan kyallen takarda sun bushe (idan titin yana da zafi) ko rot (a cikin rigar, ruwan sama). A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da ganyayyaki an rufe su da babban farin fat, mai kama da ulu ulu. Ba za ku iya cin irin wannan strawberry ba. Mafi sau da yawa, strawberries girma a cikin ƙasa bude wahala fama da naman gwari. Hadarin yana raguwa sosai lokacin da ake noma shi a cikin kanti, a kan gadaje na tsaye, akan fim ɗin baƙar fata.

Fararen rot musamman da wuya rinjayar strawberries girma a cikin wani greenhouse, da kuma a kan gadaje a tsaye

Don magance fari rot, suna amfani da Derozal, Horus, Bayleton ko Switch. Yawan jiyya da mitarsu - daidai gwargwado tare da umarnin mai ƙira.

An haramta amfani da duk wani sinadarai a lokacin fruiting kuma aƙalla kwanaki 15 kafin hakan. Haka ma, wannan ba a wanda ake so a cikin tsari na fure.

Don hana fararen fari tsakanin layuka na strawberries, ana shuka tafarnuwa ko albasa. Kowane kwanaki 8-10, ana yayyafa bushes tare da jiko na mustard foda, barkono ja ƙasa. Soilasa a cikin gonar an yayyafa shi da ash ash. Idan mafi yawan bushes a cikin lambu sun shafi naman gwari a wannan shekara, makonni 2-3 bayan girbi, ya kamata a fesa tsire-tsire da ƙasa tare da kowane daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka ba da shawarar.

Grey rot

'Ya'yan itãcen an rufe su da babban farin launi mai launin toka "farar ruwa". Idan ka taɓa su, girgije "ƙura" na launi iri ɗaya suna tashi zuwa sama. Cutar na yaduwa cikin sauri, musamman tare da hulɗa kai tsaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa lafiya tare da masu lafiya. Idan ba a yi komai ba, naman gwari na iya rusa kashi 50- 90% na yawan amfanin gona. Rianyan itace da ke cikakke iri-iri ne mai saukin kamuwa da launin toka, musamman Rubin abin wuya, Baƙon abu, Aboka, Pocahontas. Rashin haske, rarar tsire-tsire mai yawa, zafi mai ƙarfi, da kuma ƙarancin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gabanta.

Strawberry launin toka rot ya watsu daga cututtukan berries zuwa waɗanda ke da lafiya cikin sauri.

Don rigakafin, kafin a fara fure, ana bi da strawberries tare da jiko na albasa ko masu harbe a tafarnuwa, XOM, Tiram, shirye-shiryen figon. Ruwa shi daga lokacin da buds suka bayyana ne kawai a tushe, dole ne a mulkar kasar gona saboda kada berries su shiga hulɗa tare da ƙasa.

Don jimre wa naman gwari, kuna buƙatar cire berries da abin ya shafa da kuma fitar da ciyawar. Rage ruwa yana raguwa, yana barin ƙasa ta bushe sosai. Bayan haka, don makonni 2-3, ana maye gurbin ruwa na yau da kullun tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan. Tare da kowane kwance, ƙara ɗan itacen ash, an murƙushe shi a cikin alli na alli, akan gado. Haka ma, wannan bu mai kyau da wani sashe foliar saman miya - 2 of g boric acid da 20 saukad da aidin a lita 10 na ruwa.

Bidiyo: hanyoyi don magance launin toka

Tushen rot (rhizoctonia)

Mafi sau da yawa, strawberries suna fama da wannan cuta lokacin da ba'a lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona ba, da kuma lokacin dasa shuki a gonar inda wani Solanaceae ya yi girma a da. Tushen (musamman yara) da sauri baƙi, zama mai santsi ga taɓawa. Suna bushewa, sun karye cikin sauƙi. Bayan haka, raunuka masu kama daya suna bayyana akan furen ganyen da "kaho". Ana iya fitar da daji daga ƙasa kusan ba da wuya.

Yin fama da wannan cutar kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Da alama a zahiri, tana bayyana kanta ne kawai lokacin da cutar ta yi nisa. Mafi kyawun rigakafin shine fasahar aikin gona. Kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar tushen sababbin bushes don riƙe tsawon mintuna 2-3 a cikin ruwa mai zafi (40-45 or) ko minti na 10-15 a cikin maganin Fitosporin, Maxim, Previkur.

Bayyanar cututtukan halayyar ci gaban tushen lalacewa a ɓangaren daskararre na shuka ya bayyana lokacin da aikin ya riga ya tafi sosai

Idan tushen rot ya shafi plantsan tsirrai kawai, nan da nan sai a haƙa su su lalace. Isasa a wannan wuri an zubar da maganin 3% na sulfate na jan ƙarfe ko ruwa na Bordeaux. Gidan yana kwance lafiya, yayin da a lokaci guda yake gabatar da Alirin-B da prichodermin a cikin ƙasa. Fiye da yawa yalwatacce watering ne tsananin contraindicated. Zai fi kyau maye gurbin ruwan da wani ɗan kodadden ruwan hoda na sinadarin potassium.

Powdery mildew

Cutar tana da sauƙin ganewa, amma yin fama da naman gwari yana da wuya. A cikin ganyayyaki, petioles, berries, stalks, fararen farin ya bayyana, mai kama da gari da aka zubar. A hankali, waɗannan wurare suna haɓaka, filayen suna "yayi kauri" da duhu, suna canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan hoda da shunayya mai launin shuɗi. Ya shafa berries crack, bar bushe. Ba za ku iya cin irin wannan strawberry ba.

A ci gaba da cutar na taimaka wa m damp weather, hawa da sauka mai kaifi a cikin zazzabi, thickening na plantings, wani wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, m watering (duka kasawa danshi da ya wuce haddi). Iri Olivia, Polka, Pandora, abin wuya Ruby, Sparkle, Galichanka suna tsayayya da naman gwari.

Powdery mildew kamar alama ce mai lahani wacce ba ta da sauƙin shafawa daga ganyen, amma a zahiri cuta ce mai haɗari

Don hana haɓaka mildew na powdery, an zubar da strawberries tare da ɓacin dutsen sulloidal sau 3-4 a cikin lokacin girma, an zubar ƙasa a kan gado tare da bayani na 1% na sulfate jan karfe ko ruwa na Bordeaux. Ana aiwatar da hanyar ne da zaran ganyen farko ya bayyana, kafin fure, kai tsaye bayan shi da kwanaki 15 bayan ƙarshen 'ya'yan itace. A lokacin girma, zaku iya amfani da magungunan gargajiya, suna feshin strawberries kowace rana ta 10-15 tare da maganin soda ash (40 g da lita 10 na ruwa), ash ash ko kumfa mai gida, sabul ɗin girkin kore. Haɗin ƙwayoyin Foliar tare da boric acid, sulfate na jan karfe da zinc sulfate, waɗanda ke da tasiri sosai ga tasirin tsire-tsire, yana da amfani.

Don shawo kan cutar, yi amfani da kowane kwayoyi masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe - fungicides. Mafi inganci sune Topaz, Bayleton, Kuproksat, Horus. Lokacin kwance, Euparen, Karatan an gabatar da su a cikin ƙasa.

Bidiyo: yadda zaka rabu da garin mayir din powdery akan strawberries

Fusarium

Kusan duk wata al'ada a cikin lambu na iya fama da wannan naman gwari. Haɓaka cutar tana ba da gudummawa ga yanayin zafi, bushewa. Sakamakon haka, ɓangaren iskar shuka ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Na farko, ƙananan aibobi launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, sannan petioles, harbe ("mustaches") da "ƙaho" suna launin ruwan kasa. Ganyayyaki sun bushe kuma sun bushe, daji "ya kakkarye", rosette kamar zai faɗi ƙasa. Dukkanin aikin yana ɗaukar makonni 4-6. Akwai nau'ikan strawberry da ke tsayayya da Fusarium - Bohemia, Capri, Flamenco, Christine, Sonata, Florence, Omsk da wuri, Alice.

Magungunan mutane a yaƙi da fusodisis ba su da amfani

Magunguna na mutane akan naman gwari ba su da amfani. Ingantaccen rigakafin ci gaban fusarium shine fungicides na asalin halittu (Agat-25K, Trichodermin, Phytosporin, PhytoDoctor). Ana yayyafa gado da tsire-tsire tare da mitar sau ɗaya a kowane mako 1.5-2. A cikin maganin wannan shirye-shirye iri ɗaya, Tushen sababbin bushes suna soaked kafin dasa.

A cikin yanayin lalacewar taro, ana amfani da Fundazol, Benorad, Horus don magance fusarium. Idan ba zai yiwu a shawo kan matsalar ba, an tsabtace gadajen lambun, an ƙone asarar shuka, an zubar da ƙasa don lalata tare da maganin Nitrafen 2%. Kuna iya sake dasa shuki a cikin wannan yanki akalla shekaru 5-6.

Hankalin farin (ramularis)

Ganyen an rufe shi da kananan aibobi masu launin shuɗi-masu launin shuɗi. A hankali suna girma, a tsakiyar suna zama fari, launin toka ko haske. Haka kuma cutar ta bazu zuwa gidajen dabbobi da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A sakamakon haka, ƙwayar da abin ya shafa ya mutu, ramuka suna buɗe akan ganye. Suna bushe da bushewa. Brownish aibobi bayyana a kan berries, spores shiga da strawberry ɓangaren litattafan almara, sosai spoiling da dandano. A naman gwari yadawa da sauri, musamman tare da babban zafi. Mafi sau da yawa, cutar tana tasowa kusa da tsakiyar lokacin ciyayi.

Haske fari ba da wuya ya haifar da mutuwa ba, amma yakan rage yawan amfanin ƙasa

Don rigakafin ƙasa a gonar, ana samun tsire-tsire a cikin lokaci na budding kuma kusan wata daya bayan an girbi ana fesawa da maganin 1% na ruwa Bordeaux ko tare da Tsineb, shirye-shiryen Falcon. Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya domin lura da underside na ganye. Ana amfani da manyan raunuka, Horus, Bayleton, da Strobi ana amfani dasu.

Haske launin ruwan kasa

Mafi sau da yawa, cutar tasowa a lokacin fruiting. A kan dukkan sassa na shuka, da farko kan ganyayyaki matasa, bakin duhu masu duhu sun bayyana, an jefa su cikin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun girma ƙanana da launin ruwan kasa, ganye da "mustaches" bushe. Daji na iya rasa kashi 60-70% na yawan kore. A naman gwari pathogen samu nasarar hibernates a shuka tarkace, an dauke ta kwari. Hakanan yana shimfidawa a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da saukad da ruwa.

A launin ruwan kasa spotting pathogen mafi yawan lokuta hibernates a cikin tarkace na shuka ko a cikin ƙasa, adana viability ko da a cikin tsananin frosts

Magungunan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi na mutane a cikin yaƙi da tabo launin ruwan kasa ba su da tasiri. Don rigakafin, ganye na farko da suka fito, har da kumburi, ana fesa su da kashi 1% na Bordeaux ko HOM. A yayin taron kisan, ana amfani da Oksikhom, Kuprozan, Skor, Ridomil-Gold.

Anthracnose

Mafi wanda ke iya kamuwa da cutar sune tsire-tsire masu fama da rashi na abinci, da kuma waɗanda akan samu ko da lalacewar na’ura ne. Spores na wani pathogenic naman gwari ana ɗauke da iska, kwari, raindrops. Strawberry Pelican, Idea, Pegan, Daver baya samun maganin rashin lafiyar ɗan adam.

Ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa an rufe su da filayen launin tubali tare da iyakar launin ruwan kasa ko launin shuɗi. A hankali, suna girma, haɗu da juna. Sannan aibobi sun zama '' raunuka '' mara nauyi da ke shugabantar da shuhura, yanayin farjinsu, digo-ruwa na ruwa mai launin shuɗi. Ganyayyaki sun bushe, petioles sun zama mai ƙarko, gaba ɗaya ɓangaren tsire-tsire sun bushe kuma sun mutu.

Anthracnose yana da sauƙin ganewa ta wuraren “rami” mai duhu akan berries, petioles da ganye

Magunguna mafi inganci don magance cututtukan ƙwayar cuta sune Acrobat-MTs, Skor, Fundazol. Don rigakafin, strawberries da ƙasa a cikin lambu sau 3-4 a kowace kakar ana fesa su da Fitosporin, Topsin-M ko Gamair. Yana da amfani don ƙara kowane biostimulant zuwa maganin (Epin, Zircon, potassium humate).

Verticillosis

A pathogenic naman gwari da farko rinjayar da asalinsu. Kwayar cutar a jikin sassan jikin tsiron ya bayyana ne kawai lokacin da aikin ya riga ya tafi sosai. Bishiyoyi masu fure na kara girma, tsayawa a ci gaba. Petioles juya ja, berries juya launin ruwan kasa da maras kyau, bar daga mafi ƙasƙanci bushe.

Mafi kyawun rigakafin verticillosis yana bin shawarwarin don girma strawberries, da fari, ciyar da ta dace. Idan cutar ta riga ta yi nisa, an tono ciyawa da abin ya shafa tare da ƙone ta, an zubar da gado mai ƙwanƙwasa tare da kowane irin ƙwayar cuta. A cikin farkon matakan verticillosis, zaku iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Maxim, Fundazol, Fitosporin, Fitodoctor.

Yana da wuya a shawo kan matsalar verticillosis, saboda haka ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don rigakafin wannan cutar

Akwai nau'ikan strawberries da suka haɗa rigakafi ta asali ga wannan cuta - Lambada, Figaro, Gourmand, Tsarskoye Selo, Fi so. Yawancinsu basu shafi launin toka mai ruɓi ba.

Bidiyo: Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cikakkiyar Ciki

Karin kwari gama gari: yadda ake gano su da magance su

Strawberries suna ɗanɗano ba kawai ga mutane ba, har ma da kwari da yawa. Haka kuma, yawancinsu masu haɗari ne ba kawai ga kansu ba, har ma a matsayin masu ɗaukar hoto na fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Rasberi da strawberry weevil

Ba wai kawai strawberries da raspberries suna fama da shi ba, har ma yawancin tsire-tsire daga dangin Pink. Manya (ƙananan baƙar fata kwari) da larvae kuma suna cutar plantings. Farkon cin ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Sai mace ta sa ƙwayayensu a cikin fure-fure, suna hurawa a farfajiyar. Hatchede larvae ci daga gare ta, lalata 'ya'yan itace ovaries. Buds sun zama baƙi, sun faɗi.

Manya da larvae na rasberi-strawberry weevil sa cutar da strawberries

Don rigakafin, albasa, tafarnuwa, marigolds, nasturtiums ana shuka su ne tsakanin layuka na strawberries ko tare da gefen gado. Amfanin gona da zai iya shafawa, idan ya yiwu, an sa su a cikin junan su. Zai taimaka wajen hana bayyanar weevil da magungunan mutane - jiko na tsutsa, tansy, hellebore, harsashi gyada, mustard foda, bawo albasa. 'Ya'yan itacen fure suna yayyafawa sau ɗaya a cikin kowane mako da rabi, kuma a cikin lokaci na budding da fure kowane kwana 2-3.

Yayin taron mamayewa na yau da kullun sanyin safiya, bushes ɗin yana girgiza su sosai, bayan sun yada wata jarida, mayafin mai, da sutturar abu a ƙarƙashinsu. Tarkunan gida ma suna ba da sakamako mai kyau - kwalabe cike da sukari sukari da yisti. Ruwan ciki yana shafawa da man kayan lambu don kada kwari su fita. Ana yayyafa bushes da ƙasa a ƙasa tare da Novaktion, Iskra-M, Kinmiks. Dole ne a aiwatar da kayan girbi bayan girbi don lalata lardin wintering a cikin ƙasa.

Strawberry mite

Pestsaya daga cikin kwari da haɗari ga al'ada. Ba shi yiwuwa a gani tare da ido tsirara. Fuskokin an rufe su da ƙananan ɗigunan ruwan kasa, saya tint na launin ruwan kasa na al'ada. Fuskokinsu sun zama lalatattu, ganyen matasa ba sa buɗe har zuwa ƙarshe. Daga wannan strawberry, wataƙila, ba zai mutu ba, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu (da kashi 50-60%).

Strawberry Mite - ofaya daga Cikin Mafi Manyan Biran Strawberry

Don prophylaxis bayan girbi, dole ne a fesa tsire-tsire tare da Karbofos. A lokacin girma, ƙasa an turɓaya sau 3-4 tare da sulfur colloidal. Daga gare ta, zaku iya shirya mafita don sarrafa bushes. Magungunan magungunan ƙwayar cuta - jiko na albasa ko tafarnuwa gruel, ganye dandelion. Tushen seedling kafin dasa shuki na mintina 2-3 ana nutsuwa da farko a cikin zafi (40-45 ° C), sannan a cikin sanyi (15-20 ° C) ruwa.

Idan kwaro ya lalata cikin adadi mai yawa, ana amfani da Fufanon, Kemifos, Novaktion, Actellik. Iri daban-daban na Zenga-Zengan, Torpedo, Vityaz, Zarya suna da tsayayyen shan kaye ta hanyar ciyawar itace.

Strawberry ganye irin ƙwaro

Bananan kwari masu launin ruwan kasa sun zazzage a ciki cikin ganyayyaki. Suna ciyar da ganye a kyallen takarda, suna jinsu daga ciki. Mace sa ƙwai a kan petioles. Har ila yau, ƙwayayen da aka ƙi su ciyar da kyallen takarda. Sun zama na bakin ciki, translucent, wani lokacin ramuka suna bayyana. A sakamakon haka, bushes tsaya a cikin ci gaba, fruiting ceases.

Babban cutar da strawberries ana haifar dashi ne ta hanyar 'ya'yan itace ciyawa irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro

Don tsoratar da kwaro daga gado, a farkon bazara an yayyafa ƙasa da ƙurar taba ko busasshiyar ganye ya bar ƙasa a cikin crumbs. Amma wannan bai kamata a zage shi ba domin dandano na berries baya tabarbarewa. Kafin fure, ana kula da strawberries tare da Karbofos ko Karate. Ana buƙatar weeding na yau da kullun. Musamman a hankali kuna buƙatar lalata meadowsweet da Goosefoil Goose. 'Ya'yan itacen ganye na Strawberry suna cin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ma.

Strawberry Whitefly

Smallan ƙaramin farin asu-kamar-ɗanyen ganye suna manne a cikin ganyayyaki. Duk wani taɓa taɓawa na daji ya ishe su tashi sama. An rufe ganyen tare da m mai rufi da wani yanki na soot naman gwari. Whiteflies suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen shuka, saboda haka kyallen takarda a hankali ya bushe, sannan ganyen ya zama baki ya mutu.

Saboda wasu dalilai, strawberry whitefly yana da ban sha'awa musamman ga launin rawaya; ana amfani da wannan fasalin a cikin tarkuna.

Kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin yaƙi da whitefly ana ba da shi ta hanyar tarkuna na gida waɗanda aka yi da yanki na kwali mai launin rawaya, greased tare da wani abu mai tsami (manne mai bushewa, syrup, jam, zuma, man fetur na jelly). Idan ana batun mamayewa, ana amfani da Aktaru, Rovikurt, Confidor. Maganin Folk - kowane shamfu mai ƙanshi ko fesa wanda ya ƙunshi fipronide. Don rigakafin, ana shuka albasa da tafarnuwa tsakanin layuka na strawberries, ana shuka tsire-tsire tare da jiko na kibiyoyi ko kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara a kowane kwanaki na 10-12.

Strawberry Nematode

Nematodes sune ƙananan tsutsotsi masu filamentous waɗanda ke ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ganyen matasa. Zasu zauna cikin zunubansu, sabili da haka suna kusan gani. Matan sa ƙwai a kan tushen - suna rufe da mai siffar zobe bulges game da girman da ɗan poppy zuriya. A cikin aiwatar da abinci mai gina jiki, nematodes suna lalata kyallen takarda tare da wani abu wanda ke rikicewa da metabolism na al'ada. A sakamakon haka, ganye sun zama rawaya da maras kyau, jijiyoyin a kansu sun yi kauri, adadin buds yana raguwa sosai, berries suna karami.

Strawberry nematode kusan ba zai yiwu a gani tare da ido tsirara ba

Nematodes basu yarda da zafi ba kwata-kwata. Sabili da haka, Tushen bushes kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa na mintina da dama da nutsar cikin ruwan zafi. Ana shayar da ita gado a farkon bazara. Yankakken ganye na farko an yayyafa shi da ruwan 1 Bordeaux. Kwaro ya shafi ba kawai strawberries ba, har ma dankali, Peas, albasa. Suna buƙatar dasa su kamar yadda zai yiwu daga juna.

Strawberry nematode larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai suna lalata Tushen strawberry ta cin su daga ciki

Don magance nematode amfani da Phosphamide, Vitaros, Carbation, Heterophos. Bayan an girbe, ana kula da strawberries tare da Scor, Fundazole. Maganin mutane yana kawo cikas ga dunƙulewar hannu, amma ba koyaushe yake ba da tasiri ba.

Aphids

Pestsaya daga cikin kwari mafi "duniya", yana shafar gonar da tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Wadannan kananan kwari daban-daban tabarau (daga kore-rawaya zuwa baki-brown) suka sauka a kansu cikin daulolinsu gaba daya, suna manne wa da kananan ganyen matasa, buds, 'ya'yan itace. Aphids suna ciyarwa a kan ruwan itace na shuka, saboda haka an rufe wuraren da abin ya shafa da ƙananan dige, ganyayyaki sun lalace kuma suna jujjuyawa. A lokaci guda, zaren lulluɓi na bayyana. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa galibi aphids suna zaune a cikin barga na symbiosis tare da tururuwa, kuma dole ne suyi gwagwarmaya.

Aphid kwaro ne wanda baya ƙyamar kusan kowane amfanin gona, strawberries ba banda bane

Kwaro ne yadda ya kamata hana daga kowane pungent wari. Yana da amfani dasa kowace ganye mai yaji kusa da gado na strawberries, har da tsutsa, marigolds, fennel, lavender, da chamomile. Yawancin wadannan tsire-tsire suna jawo hankalin aphids - ladybugs - ga maƙiyansu na halitta. Duk wannan ganye, har ma da saman tumatir, dankali, kibiyoyi da albasa da tafarnuwa, lemun tsami lemon tsami, hot barkono, ƙanƙan taba sigari za a iya amfani da su azaman albarkatun don shirye-shiryen infusions. Don hana bayyanar aphids, ya isa ya fesa strawberries a kowace rana ta 8-10, idan an samo kwari, sau 3-4 kowace rana.

Ana amfani da kemikal ne kawai a cikin yanayin mamayewa na kwaro. Yawancin lokaci isa isa magunguna. Za'a iya amfani da kowane ƙwayar cuta ta gaba daya - Aktara, Iskra-Bio, Inta-Vir, Confidor da sauransu.

Bidiyo: magungunan jama'a don yin maganin aphids

Chafer

Babban cutar da strawberries, kamar sauran amfanin gona, ana lalacewa ta hanyar larvae na ƙwaro na May, waɗanda ke ci Tushen tsire. A sakamakon haka, bushes mutu da sauri.

M kwaro rigakafin - shekara-shekara zurfin loosening na kasar gona a cikin bazara da kaka. Farin Clover ana shuka shi ne a cikin hanyoyin, cike ƙasa da abubuwan da ke hana larvae. A farkon bazara, kafin ganye su yi fure, za a iya zubar da madadin a kan gado tare da ruwa mai narkewa tare da ammoniya (2 ml a kowace lita) ko za a iya yin girke-girke masu zurfi da dama ta hanyar cike manya-manyan abubuwan da ke tsakanin Decis da Karbofos a cikinsu. Maganin jama'a shine jiko na albasa mai wuta. A lokacin bazara, ana zuba sau 3-4 a ƙarƙashin tushen kowane daji.

Wataƙila ƙwayar gwoza ku ci tushen tsirran kuma yana iya rusa gidan gabaɗaya na strawberries a cikin ɗan kankanen lokaci

Don magance larvae, ana amfani da Nemabakt, Pochin, shirye-shiryen Zemlin. Tsofaffin mutane daga dusar ƙanƙara a cikin gida suna toshe shi da tsufa, lupine, turnip da aka dasa kusa da gado.

Spider mite

Abu ne mai sauki a gano kwaro ta hanyar haɗa ganye, buds da 'ya'yan itace tare da zaren, zaren translucent, mai kama da cobwebs. Yana ciyarwa a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shuka, wuraren da abun ya shafa da hankali ya juya ya zama rawaya ya bushe. Yana magance yafi a ciki na takardar, an ƙara matsa tare da fim ɗin farin ciki. Resistant to lalacewa ta hanyar gizo-gizo iri-iri iri Na farko-grader, Anastasia, fitowar rana, Cinderella Kuban.

Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo ba kwari bane, sabili da haka, tasirin da ake so a cikin yaƙi da shi ana ba kawai ta shirye-shirye na musamman - acaricides

Don rigakafin tsakanin strawberry bushes, albasa, tafarnuwa, calendula, marigolds ana shuka su. A bushes kansu aka fesa tare da jiko na albasa ko tafarnuwa gruel, a decoction na cyclamen tubers. Amma irin waɗannan magungunan mutane ba koyaushe suke ba da sakamako ba. Idan wani sashi mai mahimmanci na bushes akan gado ya sha wahala daga kaska, zai fi kyau kada ku ɓata lokaci kuma nan da nan amfani da ƙwararrun kwayoyi - acaricides (Actofit, Akarin, Vertimek, Neoron, Apollo). Suna buƙatar canza tare da kowane sabon magani - kwaro da sauri yana inganta rigakafi.

Matsawa

Wani kwaro mai mamaye kwaro. Matattar ƙazamar kamar katantanwar katako take. Suna ciyar da naman strawberries da kyallen ganye, suna yin ramuka ko ta hanyar ciki. A saman 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki, ana gano alamomin su - tsummoki na suturar azurfa.

Saurin motsi da kuma ikon rufewa maɓallan banbancin bai bambanta ba. Saboda haka, sakamako mai kyau shine jagorar tarin kwari. Zai fi kyau a ciyar da sanyin safiya. A wannan lokacin, slugs tattara a cikin ganyayyaki kuma su ne kadan aiki. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da tarkuna - ganyen kabeji, halkalin innabi, cike da giya, sukari mai shuki, kwantena na jam, aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa.

Slugs sami ikon halakar da strawberry bushes, amma ƙwarai ganimar gabatar da berries

An rufe shinge don kariya daga kwaro kewaye da “shamaki” na ƙwai na ƙwai ko na dunƙule, yashi, kandena ko alluran spruce. An yayyafa ƙasa da ƙwayoyin taba, itacen ash, mustard. Tare da kewaye gadaje, ana dasa kowane ƙoshin yaji mai ƙanshi mai danshi. Hakanan zaka iya ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin slugs zuwa wurin magabtan halitta - shinge, kwaɗi da tsuntsaye. Talakawa kaji suna yin aiki mai kyau.

Ana amfani da kwari kawai idan akwai babban mamayewa na slugs, wanda yake shi ne sauƙin. Mafi kyawun sakamako ana ba shi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen metaldehyde, tsawa, hutu.

Bidiyo: yadda zaka magance slugs a gonar

Matakan hanawa

Kowace matsala tana da sauƙin sauƙaƙewa don magance sakamakon daga baya. Wannan kuma ya shafi cututtuka da kwari na strawberries. Motocin da ake kula dasu da kyau ba su da wahala su iya fama da cututtukan fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma kwari ne ke kaiwa su. Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a rigakafin:

• Tsaftace gadaje masu tsabta. Strawberries suna buƙatar a sako shi akai-akai, a cikin kaka - don cire duk tarkace na shuka. Ana cire ganyen bushewa daga bushes a lokacin girma. Don adana lokaci a kan weeding taimaka mulching. Amma kuma ciyawar ciyawa shima yana buƙatar sabunta shi lokaci zuwa lokaci, in ba haka ba zai haifar da ƙarin lahani fiye da kyau.
• Jin zurfin ƙasa. Fi dacewa, wannan yakamata ayi kowane lokaci bayan magudanan ruwa. Ko aƙalla a farkon bazara da tsakiyar kaka. Wannan yana taimakawa ga halakar ƙwai da larvae na kwari wintering a cikin ƙasa, spores na pathogenic fungi.
• Yarda da juyawa amfanin gona. A wuri guda, ana iya girma strawberries don mafi yawan shekaru 3-4. Sannan an tsabtace gado, an lalata ƙasa, yana zubar da ruwa Bordeaux ko sulphate jan ƙarfe. Hakanan, ana iya dawo da strawberries a cikin shekaru 5-6, ba a baya ba.
• M zaɓi na seedlings. An ba da shawarar siyan shi kawai a cikin wuraren ɗora masu aminci ko daga wasu masu ba da amintattu.
• Tsarin kaka. Don kamuwa da cuta, Tushen za a iya tsoma shi cikin ruwan zafi, wani ɗan kodadden ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate, kowane maganin kashe ƙwayar halitta. Kwayoyi masu ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe suna lalata yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic.
• Yarda da tsarin saukowa. Idan tsire-tsire suna cikin da yawa sosai, an ƙirƙiri yanayin gumi, mai dacewa don ci gaba da cututtuka da kwari. Hakanan, yawan dasa shuki yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin canjawarsu daga marassa lafiya zuwa kyawawan bushes
• Lokaci da ta dace. Kada a kwasheka da takin mai dauke da takaddun nitrogen. Excessimar su a cikin ƙasa yana raunana rigakafin shuka. Amma potassium da phosphorus a cikin abubuwan da suka dace, akasin haka, ƙarfafa shi. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da daskararren ciyawa azaman babban miya. Ƙasa ce mai kyau ta makiyaya don larvae da ƙwai mafi yawan kwari.
• Dace mai kyau. Strawberry shine tsire-tsire mai ƙazanta mai ban sha'awa, amma ƙasa mai da ruwa ya haifar da yanayi don ci gaban yawancin fungi. Saboda haka, wajibi ne don shayar da shi kawai lokacin da saman saman ƙasa ya bushe.

Yarda da ayyukan gona shine hanya mafi kyau don samun amfanin gona mai amfani da itace kuma a kiyaye ta daga cutar da kuma kwaro kwaro.

Bishiyoyi na girma ba wai kawai a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba, har ma a cikin greenhouse. Yankin da aka rufe inda iska mai tsayayyen iska yake dacewa sosai don ci gaban cututtuka da kwari. Idan an yi fure mai kauri, kowane matsala yakan bazu sosai a cikin ƙasa bude.

Don guje wa wannan, yakamata a kori ciyawar a kai a kai. A ƙarshen lokacin girma, ana zubar da ƙasa ta hanyar zubar ruwan zãfi ko kuma cikakken ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan. Duk saman an shafe shi da ruwan lemun tsami wanda aka tsinke tare da ruwa ko 5% sulfate na tagulla. Lokacin da aka kulle ƙofofin da kyau, ana cika shi da hayaki mai saurin sigari ko kuma wani gurnani mai wuta mai ƙonewa. Bayan amfani da wasu kwari, da kore dole ne a ventilated sosai. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar kwayoyi waɗanda suka lalace a cikin ƙasa, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin gaske na cutar da guba a cikin dogon lokaci.

Girma strawberries ba babban ciniki bane. Ko da malamin gona mai novice na iya samun amfanin gona. An ƙarƙashin wasu ka'idoji da shawarwari game da fasaha na aikin gona, kasancewar ingantaccen rigakafin, haɗarin cututtuka da kwari ke raguwa. Koyaya, ya kamata a bincika tsire-tsire akai-akai don alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Gano su, kuna buƙatar gano daidai matsalar kuma ku san abin da za ku yi a kowane yanayi.