Duk da kasancewar wasu nau'ikan innabi da yawa da aka kafa ingantattu, sau da yawa sabbin dabbobin suna samun karbuwa saboda girman su, sabbin halaye. Wadannan matasan sun hada da Gourmet da kiwo da wuri V.N. Kraynova, wanda ke da ban sha'awa na goge da berries, kaɗan ɗanɗano mai ban sha'awa.
An Asalin Goa Goan Tarihi na Growan fari
Girma da wuri - ɗan ɗanɗano ne "ɗan saurayi" wanda ya bayyana shekaru 10 da suka gabata. Da farko, an nada matasan mai suna Novocherkassky Red, sannan aka sanya lambar 1-12. Marubucin sanannen shahararren mai shayarwa ne V.N. Kraynov, wanda ya karbi sabon salon daga iyayen biyu Kishmish Luchisty da Talisman. Daga wannan nau'ikan guda biyu, an samo duka layi na hybrids tare da kaddarori daban-daban, wanda V.N. Krainov ya ba da sunan gabaɗaya Gimbiya. Novocherkassk ja ya sami sunansa na ƙarshe Gourmet da wuri, kuma sauran hybridanyan dan adam daga wannan layin sun fara kiran Rainbow, Gourmand, Flashlight, da Graceful.
Asalin sunan iri-iri shine Novocherkassky Red
Gilashin farko ya samu karbuwa cikin sauri kuma tun 2006 an gane shi a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa don bunkasa a kudancin Rasha, Ukraine da Moldova. Tun daga 2016, an hada farkon Gourmet a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha a ƙarƙashin sunan Gourman Kraynova tare da samun damar yin namo a duk yankuna.
Bayanin sa
Dangane da bayanin daga Rajistar urasa, Gourmet da wuri shine nau'in tebur tare da farkon lokacin ripening (berries ya isa cikakkiyar afteryafa bayan kwanaki 110-115 daga farkon lokacin girma). Ana amfani da busassun ta hanyar matsakaici. Lightaƙƙarfan ruwan inabin mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana rufe da matsakaitan matsakaici uku ko biyar-lobed tare da shimfidar wuri mai lalacewa. Furanni nau'in mata ne, fure yana faruwa a farkon Yuni.
Fulawa ya fara a farkon shekarun Yuni a cikin yankuna na kudanci kuma a cikin rabin rabin Yuni a tsakiyar layi
An kirkiro bukka ne babba amma a matsakaicin 500-600 g, wani lokacin 1000-1300 g) kuma suna da siffar conical. Berriesyan itacen olongated mai launin fata suna da yawa (nauyi 7-11 g). Fata mai laushi amma mai laushi, wacce za a iya canza launin ruwan hoda a launuka iri-iri, tana rufe naman da ke jikinta. A lokacin da shading goge, berries iya saya lilac liue.
Ungiyoyin ruwan ɗanɗano suna cike da manyan ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda
Tasteanɗar inabi yana da daidaituwa mai daɗin rai saboda yawan sukari mai yawa (15.6 g a kowace 100 cm3) da isasshen adadin acid (4.9 g / l). Siffar halayyar inabi ita ce dandano na muscat da ƙanshin fure mai haske. 'Ya'yan dandano suna ba da ɗanɗano na' ya'yan inabi sabo da maki 9.1.
Kowane Berry ya ƙunshi tsaba masu matsakaici sau 2-3.
'Ya'yan inabin gurnani da wuri akan bidiyo
Halaye iri-iri
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa farkon giya ya shahara tsakanin masu shayarwa - yana da halaye masu kyau:
- barga mai girma (yawan kilogiram 6-8 daga 1 daji, 200-201 kg / ha);
- bayyanar kasuwa da kuma ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano na berries;
- kyakkyawan tanadin berries a daji;
- babban jure cututtukan fungal (mildew, oidium, rot rot);
- juriya kan sufuri da ajiya.
Rashin dacewar Gourmet da wuri ya haɗa da nau'ikan furanni na mace, wanda shine dalilin da yasa dasa shuki na fure ya zama dole. Ana ɗaukar tumbin a matsayin amfanin gona na rufe gashi, kodayake lokacin daminarsa ba ta da ƙasa-ƙasa har zuwa -23 ... -24 game daC.
Siffofin dasa da girma
Ana iya samun ingantacciyar ƙwayar daga Gourmet ta hanyar bin duk ƙa'idodin fasahar aikin gona. Gabaɗaya, ka'idojin dasa shuki da wannan tsiro iri ɗaya daidai ne da na wasu nau'in innabi.
Bukatun ƙasa
Ofaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata don girma inabi shine zaɓi na wurin da ƙasa mai kyau da zurfin ƙasa. A bu mai kyau a dasa inabi a tsauni domin tushen shuka ba sa wahala daga danshi.
Tun da inabi ya kasance kuma ya kasance ciyawar thermophilic, yakamata a sami wurin da rana kuma ya sami kariya daga tarkokin. Yankunan kudu da kudu maso gabas na wurin sun fi dacewa da dasawa.
Tare da rashin hasken rana, aikin ganyayyaki ya rikita, yanayin sanya 'ya'yan itacen ya lalace, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya ragu kuma mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka yana ƙaruwa. Saboda waɗannan dalilai, bai kamata a dasa bushes na innabi tsakanin bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace ko a cikin inuwa na gine-gine ba. Nisa daga bishiyoyi yakamata ya zama akalla 6-7 m, daga tsirrai da sauran tsintsiyar bushes - 3-3.5 m. Don inganta yanayin hasken, dole ne a sanya bushes akan trellises kuma an hura ga siffar.
Ruhun, kamar sauran nau'in innabi ya yadu, ana yadu dashi da kyau ta hanyar dasa-itace da grafting. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa ƙoshin ƙanƙan ƙwaya yana da tsayayya don magance phylloxera, sabili da haka, a cikin yankunan da ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da wannan cutar, Abin ƙyallen shine mafi kyawun yaduwa ta hanyar alurar riga kafi. Don yin rigakafi, ana girbe itace daga ɓangaren itacen da aka haɗu da itacen inabi, tare da idanu 2-3. Kuna iya adana su a cikin firiji ko cellar, da kakin zuma ƙarshen kuma rufe shi da zane mai bushe.
Paraffin yana taimakawa ci gaba da danshi a cikin katako
Alurar riga kafi ne yake aikata a cikin bazara, yawanci a watan Afrilu. An yanke hannun jari gabaɗaya, yana barin karamin kututture, abin da yake smellhed zuwa santsi. Tsakiyar kututture an rarrabe a hankali kuma an saka shi cikin share tare da zare-yanke ƙarshen hannun (za a iya shigar da hannu guda biyu). Wurin yin rigakafi yana ɗaure da rawanin masana'anta kuma an lullube shi da yumɓu.
Lokacin da aka graped zuwa ɓoye, ya zama dole don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa da abin rike tare da hannun jari
Idan kana son dasa shuki-iri masu yanke itace, abu ne mai sauki ka horar da kanka. A saboda wannan, an yanke chubuk dan kadan fiye da na grafting (4-5 idanu, tsawon 30-35 cm), kaurin chubuk ya zama mm 8-12. A watan Fabrairu, Chubuki ya fara shuka. Don yin wannan, yanke ƙarshen kakin zuma kuma sanya alamomi da yawa tare da awl a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren don sauƙaƙe haɓakar tushen. An ba da shawarar kula da Chubuki tare da mai haɓaka mai saurin ci gaba, alal misali, a nutsar da su don kwanaki 2-3 a cikin maganin zuma (1 tablespoon a kowace lita na ruwa).
Ana sanya chubuki da aka shirya a cikin kwalba na ruwa ko nutsarwa a cikin kwantena tare da ƙasa mai laushi. Germination yakamata ya faru a cikin ɗaki mai kyawun haske da zazzabi mai iska + 17 ... +19 game daC.
Bayan kimanin makonni 4, kumbura sun yi yawa a kan chubucks kuma ganyayyaki sun yi fure, sannan kuma matasa farin Tushen suka yi girma. Lokacin da aka fara sauka a ƙasa, Chubuki ya zama tushen.
Germination na itacen innabi akan bidiyo
Saukowa a cikin ƙasa bude ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu. Babban yanayin shine ƙasa ta kai zazzabi na + 12 ... +15 game daC. Idan ana sa ran zazzage zazzabi bayan an dasa shuki, dole ne a rufe seedlingsan itacen don lokacin sanyaya.
An shirya rami don dasa girman 0.8 m ta 0.8 m an shirya makonni 2-3 kafin dasawa. Za'a sa murfin bulo da aka fashe a ƙasa a matsayin magudanar ruwa, sannan rabin-cika tare da takin gauraye da ƙasa da superphosphate (2 tablespoons).
An yi imani da cewa, ɗanɗanar kurangar innabi za ta inganta sosai idan an dasa inabi a wuraren da aka shuka faski.
Amma a madadin tsohon old gonar inabinsa, dasa cuttings ba shi daraja - za su ci gaba talauci, tun da ƙasa a cikin irin wadannan wurare an riga mai tsananin tsautsayi.
Kuna iya tono bututu a gefen ramin don shayar da 'ya'yan inabin a gindin.
Idan an aiwatar da dasa a yankuna masu sanyi, zaku iya tono gilashin gilashin duhu kusa da ramin don dumama ƙasa
Lokacin dasawa, dole ne a kula, tunda matattarar innabi suna da rauni sosai. An dasa seedling a hankali tare da ƙasa, an cakuda shi kuma an shayar da shi da ruwa biyu na ruwa. Sannan yana da kyau a yanke ciyawar da'irar domin kada danshi ya kasance cikin kasar gona da yawa.
Dasa itacen innabi a kan bidiyo
Wata babbar hanyar yada yaduwar inabi tana sanyata. Marubucin ya samu nasarar nasarar zuwa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci dukkan layuka na inab ta wannan hanyar. An haɗu da gonakin inabi masu zurfi a wurare masu kyau kuma suna tabbatar da an matsa su kullun zuwa ƙasa tare da guda na dutse ko tubalin. Mabuɗin cin nasara shine digging ruwa na yau da kullun. Bugu da kari, ba za ku iya rush don raba yadudduka daga daji uwar ba. Marubucin ya yi irin wannan kuskuren a farkon ƙoƙarin yaduwa ta hanyar farashi kuma a sakamakon haka ya karɓi ƙaƙƙarfan daji, wanda ya buƙaci ƙarin ƙarin kulawa don ci gaban al'ada.
Dokokin Kula da Inabi
Goaƙƙarfan gourmet ɗin baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, amma yana buƙatar pruning na yau da kullun, kayan miya da ruwa.
Ana yin daskarewa a cikin bazara da kaka. A lokacin bazara, ana cire vines ɗin da suka mutu a lokacin hunturu kuma ana yin shuki. Gilashin ba ya son ɗaukar nauyi; don tabbatar da ingantaccen girbi, ana bada shawara ga yanke vines don buds 6-8, samar da jimlar nauyin akan daji a cikin adadin 30-35 idanu da 20-24 harbe. Zai fi dacewa don ƙirƙirar daji a cikin nau'in fan kuma sanya shi a kan trellis-layi ɗaya na talakawa.
Tsarin fan yana ɗaukar shekaru 3-4
Autumn pruning ne yake aikata a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba. An cire ƙarin haɓaka da harbe marasa amfani. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi lokacin sanyi, Gwanin ciyawar daji bayan an gama girbi na damina saboda hunturu. Don yin wannan, an cire vines daga trellis, an ɗaure shi a cikin bunches, an aza shi a ƙasa kuma an ɗaure shi da bambaro, fim, agrofibre ko wasu kayan rufi.
Don tabbatar da ingantaccen yanayin hunturu, zaku iya rufe vines a saman fim tare da wani yanki na duniya
Ana buƙatar fitar da inabi inabi akai-akai, musamman a farkon shekara bayan dasa. An shayar da matasa seedling kowane 7-10 kwanaki, sassauta da ciyawa kasar gona a kusa-kara da'irar don adana danshi.
Ana shayar da tsoffin bushes sau 4-5 a lokacin bazara. Ana lura da babban buƙatar danshi a cikin 'ya'yan inabi a yayin bud'ewa, kafin fure, a lokacin haɓakar ovary da kuma bayan girbi. A cikin waɗannan lokutan, wajibi ne don tsara ban ruwa a cikin farashin 50-60 na ruwa na kowane daji. An ciyar da ruwa cikin ruwa mai ban ruwa yanke rabin mitari daga tushe. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don ban ruwa shine ban ruwa mai ban ruwa, wanda zai ba ka damar kula da matsayin danshi na dindindin ƙasa. A lokacin rani mai bushe, ciyawar ƙasa tana taimaka wa kyakkyawan microclimate kusa da daji.
Watse inabi a bidiyo
Ganyayyaki yana son abinci mai gina jiki da wuri. Abincin abinci na farko ga matasa shine ana bayar dashi ta hanyar takin zamani da aka gabatar a cikin ramin dasa. Yawancin lokaci suna wuce tsawon shekaru 2-3. Bayan haka, ya zama dole a sanya kayan miya da kayan ma'adinai a kai a kai domin inabi. Takin wajibi ne ga amfanin gona bayan dasawa. Kafin fure, ana kara ƙwayoyin mahaɗan da potassium. A ƙarshen fure, ana yin miya foliar tare da microelements (manganese, zinc, baƙin ƙarfe).
Kamar yadda takin gargajiya a karkashin inabi suka sanya taki ko tsintsiyar tsuntsu a cikin mafita. Waɗannan takin mai magani suna ɗauke da adadin ƙwayoyin nitrogen mai yawa, sabili da haka, ba a amfani da takin mai magani ba dabam - ƙari fiye da kima na iya haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar kore da ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Ciyar da 'ya'yan itace ciyar da inabi
Yadda za a kare gonar inabinsa daga cututtuka da kwari
Ana amfani da ɗan golf ɗin da wuri mai tsayayya sosai ga cututtukan fungal - mildew, launin toka mai tsami da oidium. Koyaya, tare da ƙara zafi, cututtuka har yanzu suna iya bayyana. Sabili da haka, shirye-shiryen bazara na rigakafi da sulfur, cakuda Bordeaux ko wasu fungicides ba zasu tsoma baki ba. Irin waɗannan jiyya duk sun zama mafi mahimmanci saboda a cikin rashi anthracnose na iya haɓaka, yana haifar da bushewa daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da rassa da bayyanar launin toka a jikin ganye. Idan cutar ta bayyana, ana cire wuraren da abin ya shafa kuma an ƙone su, kuma ana kula da tsiron da sarkar sulfate ko Nitrofen.
Inabi wanda anthracnose ya shafa an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai kewaye da naman yayi laushi kuma ya bushe.
Girkin girke-girke na iya fama da hare-hare daga kurangar inkara da muguwar gizo-gizo, sabili da haka, magani na lokaci tare da ƙwayoyin kwari (Actellik, Fosbetsid) da acaricides (Neoron, Apollo) ya zama dole.
Don kare amfanin gona daga tsuntsaye, ɗan ƙaramin raga-raga wanda aka shimfida kewaye da dajin zai taimaka, kuma don kare wasikan, jakuna na raga waɗanda suke sawa a kan kowane goga.
Duk da rikitarwa, hanyar kare inabi da pouches ta kasance abin dogara
Girbi, adanawa da amfanin gona
Lokacin da furanni a farkon shekarun Yuni, Ganyen shayi a cikin yankuna na kudu ya fara cika a farkon Yuli, kuma ya tayar da shi a tsakiyar Agusta. A yanayin canjin sanyi, kamar Altai, ba a jinkirta fitowarsa zuwa farkon Satumba.
A berries fara juya ruwan hoda a farkon Yuli
Girbi ya zama dole tare da cikakkiyar cikakkiyar riba, tunda ba zata iya yin kwari ba tare da daji ba. Cutungiyoyin an yanke su da kyau tare da keɓaɓɓun wurare kuma an jera su don jigilar su cikin akwakun katako. Yana da Dole a sa a tam kamar yadda zai yiwu, amma ba murkushe berries! An adana ruwan tabarma daidai - goge da aka dakatar a cikin daki mai sanyi na iya "jira" don bazara.
Ura berriesan itace mai ɗanɗano suna da ɗanɗano mai kyau kuma ana iya cinye duka sabo da amfani da su don yin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, adanawa, cin abinci, raisins Godiya ga sabon abu hade da nutmeg da fure mai ƙamshi, Gourmet ɗin ana yaba shi sosai a cikin giya.
Beckmes, ko kurangar innabi, ba kawai dadi ba ne, har ma da amfani sosai
Nazarin masu bugun giya
Girki da wuri kiwo V.N.Krainova Matures cikin kwanaki 105-110. Arfin girma yana sama da matsakaita, itacen inabin yana huda da kyau, an kumbura shi da kyau. Bunches yana yin nauyin 0.7-1.5 kilogiram, bishi mai nauyin 8-10 g. launin ruwan hoda. Tsayayya da manyan cututtukan fungal. Ofaya daga cikin shugabanni don dandana, a cikin jituwa mai gamsarwa muscat ce mai daɗi sosai.
Nadezhda Viktorovna, Altai Territory//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=178.0
My Gourmet ne farkon, wannan shekara ta fitar da 'ya'yan itace a karo na farko, gungu biyar, ba manya-manyan tukuna sosai m, sun riga sun fara gurgunta da berries. Na yanke shawara a yau don gwada Berry mafi kyau, kuma yana da dadi, tuni na ji cewa ba ruwa mai zaki ba ne, amma Berry tare da dandano na musamman. Ban ga wani ba, akwai wasps masu tashi a kusa da Kodryanka kuma ba wanda ke gaba da Gourmet. Muna jiran shi don ya huda, amma ni Na riga na yi tunanin cewa babu wani abin takaici
Nata38, Volgograd//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=103530
don pollination na farkon mai sukar, shuka iri tare da fure na bisexual. Arcadia zai yi. Ban kasance ƙura ƙura ba, komai ya yi kyau tare da shi. Nan kusa ke tsirar da sphinx, argo, amintacce, angelica.
Andrey Kurmaz, yankin Donetsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?page=21&t=943
Na karanta abin da suka rubuta game da Gourmets Musamman game da Gourmet da wuri. Bari in kara kadan. A tsakiyar Oktoba ya kasance tare da Brest tare da V. Astapenko. Wannan iri-iri, tare da bikin tunawa da Novocherkassk, kawai sun buge ni! Watanni biyu sun shude tun da ya balaga, amma da alama wannan ya faru mako guda, aƙalla kwanaki 10 da suka gabata. Launi mai zurfi ne, bagaden yana da yawa kuma MUSCAT! A berries ne babba, masu hada kai, da dandano ne m! Ina rayuwa a cikin bege cewa zan samu shi guda ...
A.Kondratiev - bursucok, Daugavpils//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=103530
Amma ba na raba kuzarin gaba daya na Gourmet, yana da dadi ba shakka, amma duk daya ne an yayyafa shi, kuma na gudana tare da puffs kuma ana sarrafa su da boron, babu wani taimako, kamar bara, ko kawai ni ne. A ganina, yana da raunin da ya saba da Sarkin, kuma a cikin FIG yana da irin wannan, mai daɗi a gare ni, sun kira shi wani iri. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, Na maye gurbin su da bushes guda 2 waɗanda a baya ba su dace ba, gaba ɗaya, Na canza awl don sabulu.
Yuri72, Donbass//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=112.45
Noma yana daɗaɗɗen duniya, kamar yadda ya dace don haɓaka kan gonakin mutum, da kuma haɓakar masana'antu. Game da yuwuwar yin amfani da amfanin gona, wannan iri-iri shima duniya - ya dace da amfanin tebur, da kuma giya, da kiyayewa. Wannan iri-iri baya buƙatar ƙoƙari da yawa don girma, bin ka'idodin ƙa'idodin fasahar fasahar noma ya isa don samun babban amfanin.
