Bishiyoyi daga A zuwa Z: fasalolin fasahar noma a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasarmu

Juicy, m strawberries ana samun su a yau a kowane sashe. Manya da ƙananan - yana da kyau duka sabo da gwangwani. Matsaloli tare da haɓaka al'adun gargajiya a cikin lambu ba su da wuya. Idan baku da hankali, zaku iya samun kyakkyawan amfanin gona, mai daɗi mai daɗi, wanda yara da manya za su yi farin ciki da jin daɗi.

Tarihin Strawberry

Al'adar gargajiya mai mahimmanci ta bayyana a farkon karni na 18 a Turai, inda jami'in Frezier ya kawo shi daga tafiya mai nisa. Wata ciyawar daji ce ta ƙasar Chile - ƙyamar Berry da ke da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa, waɗanda ba su ba da albarkatu masu yawa ba. Shekaru 200 bayan haka, lokacin da aka bunkasa al'adar tare da budurwa ta strawberries daga tarin shahararren lambu mai suna Antoine Duchenne, suka yi "iri ɗaya" irin kayan lambu wanda muka saba bayyana. Bayan haka, an ƙetare ciyawar itace tare da nutmeg da gandun daji.

Improvedayar ta inganta, bishiyar ta zama mafi girma kuma mafi dadi, kuma ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan da suka girma ta hanyar masana lambu na Turanci - Victoria, an samo su. Wannan bishiyar itace itace ta farko da aka shuka itace, wacce aka kawo ta Russia karkashin Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Iri na 'Ya'yan itace mara itace

Strawberry (ita ma itace ciyawar Strawberry) - tsire mai ciyawa tare da kara gajeriyar gashi, da samun toho apical, misali ne na rashin shawo kan sau uku. Abincin lambu na gargajiya ya haɗa mafi kyawun ɗanɗano da kuma kayan aiki na strawberries, daji strawberries da strawberries. Koyaya, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da wasu bambance-bambance a bayyanar da dandano.

Rassan daji suna da ƙananan berries (nauyi ba ya wuce 5-8 g), mai daɗi da ƙanshi, amma tare da ƙanshin mai girma, girma a kan madaidaiciyar itace tare da ovaries 2-3. Yana matures a farkon Yuni. A halin yanzu, masu shayarwa sun haɗu da iri iri na daji, waɗanda aka girma a cikin shirye-shiryen lambun:

• m Berry tare da takamaiman dandano da ƙanshi;
• akwai mai ja da fari-fari mai haske;
• fructifies zuwa daskararre.

Strawberriesan ƙananan bishiyoyin daji sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin gishiyoyin daji.

Lambun Strawry (strawmeg strawberry) - shuka mai dioecious tare da manyan shinge da ƙaƙƙarfan daji, ba manyan berries ba (har zuwa 15 g), tare da ƙanshin nutmeg. Halin Botanical wannan nau'ikan strawberries shine cewa maza maza ba su da 'ya'ya, don haka yawan amfanin sa ya fi kaɗan.

Strawberries - wani nau'in strawberry na muscat tare da takamaiman ƙanshin

Zemklunika shine mai samar da gashin kansa wanda aka dasa shi da irin yadda aka dasa lambun tsiro da kuma ingantaccen strawberry, wanda aka bred a cikin shekarun 1970s. A kan kafaffun furanni na tsaye, fiye da berries 20 suna haɓaka tare da launuka masu launin shuɗi da m, ana yin la'akari har zuwa g 12. 'Ya'yan itãcen dredges suna ɗan laushi a ƙarshen, ƙanshin da ƙanshi ba su da ƙasa zuwa strawberries. Wannan amfanin gona yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da yawa waɗanda ke shafar nau'ikan strawberries. Sakamakon tsarin mai yawa, ana bambanta berries ta hanyar kyakkyawan tsari mai kyau da jigilar kaya.

Hanya na zamani - dredger - dace da daskarewa kuma baya tafasa a cikin matsawa

Manyan lambu na zamani sun dade suna girma lambun strawberry (manyan-fruited) - shuka mai tsiro mai tsire-tsire na gidan Rosaceae Fragaria. Wannan amfanin gona kusan gaba daya maye gurbin strawberries. Ba tare da al'ada ba, ana kiran berries berries, kodayake wannan ba ta kowace hanya da ɗanɗano dandano mai ƙanshi da ƙanshi mai ban mamaki.

Cultureabi'ar da kanta da kanta tana da nau'i daban-daban, tana da fasalin kayan aikin gona. Ya girma a cikin lush bushes, wanda akwai duka kafa kuma creeping harbe, densely strewn tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Theaukar nauyin berries na iya zama daga 10 zuwa 100 g. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a watan Yuni-Yuli, ire-iren masu gyaran suna ba da damar a watan Agusta.

Bishiyar Noma

Don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar samun sanin wasu abubuwan ɓoye na girma strawberries, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da zaɓi na iri-iri, shirye-shiryen ƙasa da takin ƙasa. Babban amfani da Berry shine farkon balaga da farkon yinsa. Lokacin zabar iri-iri, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa strawberries sune tsire-tsire na thermophilic kuma basa son zayyanawa da shading, suna buƙatar yin ruwa na yau da kullun da kuma kayan miya na yau da kullun.

Hakanan ana amfani da amfanin gona ta hanyar:

• yankin yanayi;
• halayen shafin;
• abun da ke ciki

Iri daban-daban na lambun strawberries

Masana sun ba da shawarar zaɓi iri tare da lokaci daban-daban na itace don jin daɗin berries a duk lokacin rani. Matsakaicin lokacin ripening na strawberries shine kimanin wata 1. Yana faruwa da wuri, a tsakiyar-kaka da kuma ƙarshen. Ana ci gaba da samun iri iri wanda ya sake girbi a ƙarshen bazara ana kiranta remontant. Suna da matukar buƙata a kan kayan miya kuma basa jure zafi. Wadannan wakilan strawberries suna buƙatar sake dasa riga a cikin shekara ta 2-3 don kada amfanin gona ya ragu.

Daga cikin manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da nau'ikan akwai nau'ikan berries da siffofi da girma dabam, rawaya da fari, tare da abarba da abubuwan nutmeg.

Baya ga siffofin daji na gargajiya, mashahuri sun sami shahara sosai. Masu shayarwa na zamani sunyi bred iri-iri na kayan ado waɗanda aka keɓance su musamman don yin gadaje na fure, kan iyakoki, furannin furanni, lambuna na tsaye - fruitsa fruitsan su smallan kadan ne kuma ba su da dandano na musamman (Pink Panda Rosaceae, Baron Solemacher).

Tebur: Mafi nau'ikan nau'ikan manyan lambun lambun strawberries

Wadannan nau'ikan ana ɗaukarsu na duniya, wanda ya dace da yankin tsakiyar da kuma yankuna na kudanci.

Akwai nau'ikan zuma na zuma, ana kiran Sonata tsire-tsire na awanni na hasken rana. Irin wannan iri-iri, irin lambun strawberry na fure ne da 'ya'yan itace a takaice awanni na hasken rana - har zuwa awa 12. Daga cikin nau'ikan akwai gargajiya da remontannye.

Ana kiran nau'in marigayi mai dogon haske, wanda zai iya bada 'ya'ya kawai a watan Yuni-Yuli (Symphony, Red Gontlet). Irin waɗannan albarkatun gona na Berry suna ba da amfanin gona mai yawa, wanda ya dace da sarrafawa da daskarewa, amma kar ya sake yin 'ya'yan itace.

Da wuri iri-iri na strawberry:

• Viola (nama tare da dandano mai ɗanɗano da m, m spruce bushes, bai dace da sufuri ba);
• Alba (yawancin nau'in kiwo na Italiya, yana ba da 'ya'ya har zuwa watanni biyu da rabi, ana amfani da mildew powdery);
• Marvelous (iri-iri na Rasha, Berry tare da dandano irin na strawberry);
• Marshmallow (zaɓi na Danish, ƙwararren ɗanɗano mai ƙanshi da bishiyoyi, tsire-tsire mai jure sanyi, inuwa mai haƙuri);
• Lambada (matsanancin-farko, 'ya'yan itace masu kamanni, wani lokacin ma ya shafa da launin toka).

Hoton Hoto: Earlyananan nau'ikan Strawberry

Iri na matsakaici ripening:

• Elsanta (kafaffen daji, Berry yana da buƙata don shayarwa, yana samar da gashin baki mai yawa);
• Marmalade ('ya'yan itãcen zaɓi na Italiyanci, wanda aka nuna a ƙarshen, ya bazu a ƙarshen Yuni);
• Sarauniya (strawberry aromatic da manya-manyan, fari-resistant iri-iri);
• Bikin ('ya'yan itãcen matsakaici-matsakaici, yawan aiki - har zuwa 1 kg daga wani daji, hunturu-Hardy);
• Alice (bushes kafa, iri-iri na neman ruwa game da sha da rana).

Hoto na hoto: iri-iri mai tsayi iri-iri na strawberry

Late iri iri na strawberry:

• Gigantella (berries sune babba, ɓangaren litattafan almara shine mai yawa, 'ya'yan itace yana kankama, baya jure sanyi);
• Sophie (zaɓi na Italiyanci iri-iri, tare da m, ƙanshi, ɓangaren litattafan almara);
• Malvina (marigayi iri-iri, yana haƙuri da sanyi, damshi sosai);
• Borovitskaya (babban yawan aiki, berries na yau da kullun, fasalin conical siffa).

Hotunan Hoto: ateananan Ripening Strawberry Strawberry

Kudan zuma suna girma akan rukuninmu na fiye da shekaru 6 kuma suna haɓakawa a gaban kowa. Ana gyaran ire-iren furanni iri-iri sosai, amma yakan bada ina inan cikin raƙuman ruwa. Makonni biyu na farko - berries suna da yawa, zaɓaɓɓu, rataye ƙasa a cikin gungu. Makonni 2-3 masu zuwa - amfanin gona yayi ƙarami; a ƙarshen Yuni, harbe na tsakiya ya girma, ƙarami, Berry a kansu ƙananan ƙananan ne amma mai daɗi.

A bushes na farkon cikakke iri-iri suna fesa, na bukatar dasa a jere. In ba haka ba, ba za a iya hana yin ɓarnar da ɓarna na farkon berries a gindin daji ba. Waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa su ne mafi nauyi kuma suna yalwatuwa cikin nishaɗi a kan reshe ɗaya.

Varietal iri-iri na strawberries yana ba da amfanin gona mai yawa, amma ba za ku jira gashin-baki daga gare ta ba. Wajibi ne a sami lokaci don tushen kuma gano saboda ana ɗaukar farkon harbe-harbe (da wuya fiye da 3). A matsayinka na mai mulkin, don kiwo na zabi gashin-baki na farko, wanda ke kusa da igiyar daji. Dukkanin harbe-harbe masu zuwa suna da rauni sosai kuma basu da tushe.

Honei farkon nau'in strawberry iri yana farfadowa a farkon Yuni kuma yana da dandano mai bambanci

Dasa strawberries

A wuri guda, strawberries suna girma sosai kuma suna ba da 'ya'ya ba fiye da shekaru 3-4 ba, to ana buƙatar sabunta gadaje strawberry.

Mafi kyau duka ranar saukarwa:

• a tsakiyar Rasha - ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta;
• a cikin yankunan kudanci - farkon Satumba.

Strawberries kuma suna da tushe sosai idan aka dasa su a tsakiyar yankin ƙasarmu a lokacin bazara (a watan Afrilu), a cikin Urals da Siberia a watan Mayu. Yawancin gyaran iri tare da wannan namo sun sami damar ba da girbi mai kyau.

Preparationasa shiri

Amfanin gona zai kasance mai amfani:

• a kan kasa yashi kasa da loams, sako-sako, tare da matsakaici zafi;
• a ɗakin kwana, yanki mai cike da hasken, ba tare da zayyanawa ba;
• lokacin dasa shuki bayan karas, albasa, tafarnuwa ko gefuna.
  

  Strawberry yana girma da kyau bayan siderata

Strawberry baya jurewa:

• yumbu da wuraren bogi;
• tumatir ko dankali a matsayin kayan ci gaba.

A cikin bazara, takin ma'adinai - superphosphate da ƙari na ammoniya - an gabatar da su ga rukunin nan gaba na dasa shuki na strawberries. Makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki strawberry seedlings, da gadaje suna dug, ƙara baki ƙasa da humus da ƙasa, kaza droppings, taki da guga 1 da 1 m². Sannan an share yankin da ciyawa da leveled.

Tsari da jeri na saukowa

An bada shawara don dasa strawberries a cikin yanayi mai hadari ko maraice.

Ana dasa shuki a gonar lambu a cikin hanyar guda ɗaya ko a cikin layuka 2, wannan zai buƙaci alamar wurin. Hanyar dasawa da nisan da ke tsakanin bushes ɗin sun dogara ne akan iri-iri (kiyayewa, yana ɗaukar nauyi zuwa ga ɓarnar) da kuma dalilin namo: don seedlingsan itace ko don fruiting.

• idan an shirya bushes a cikin layi daya, to, nisa tsakanin kowace shuka ya tashi kimanin 20 cm, jere jera - 50-70 cm;
• lokacin dasa shuki a cikin layuka 2, bushes ɗin yana tsakiyar 15-20 cm baya, yana barin layi zuwa layi 40 cm, to, tazara tsakanin 70-80 cm m. Tare da wannan hanyar, ya dace don dasa mustaches strawberry don yaduwa;
• za a iya shuka tsire-tsire tare da keɓaɓɓen magana ko cikin kwafin guda (alal misali, a cikin kewayen gungumen itacen 'ya'yan itace).

Wasu lokuta a cikin sararin samaniya suna dasa tafarnuwa ko marigolds waɗanda ke jujjuya kwari, ka da dill ko radish.

Tsarin dasa kayan itace kamar haka:

1. An shirya rijiyoyin tare da diamita na 30 cm, zurfin bai wuce 15-20 cm ba, tun da ba a ba da shawarar zurfafa shuka iri na strawberry ba.
   

   Tona ramuka don strawberries, lura da zurfin dasa

2. Harbe ya rabu da daji daga igiyar ciki tare da dunƙule na ƙasa mai laushi.
   

   Sa'a guda kafin dasa shuki, ana shayar da tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi don yara tsire-tsire sun fi sauƙi rabu da ƙasa, kuma tsarin tushen ba ya shafa

3. Idan aka yi amfani da tsire-tsire waɗanda aka fallasa da asalinsu na ɗan lokaci a matsayin kayan dasa, ana bada shawara don jiƙa su 6 sa'o'i kafin dasa shuki a cikin maganin heteroauxin (0.1 g kwamfutar hannu a kowace 2.5 l na ruwa). Wannan zai kara yawan rayuwar mutanen strawberries kuma ya karfafa tsarin tushe.
   

   Ana amfani da hitoroauxin girma stimulator bisa ga umarnin

4. Humus (1 kofin) gauraye da ash (50 g a daji 1) an kara shi a cikin ramin dasa. Ana shayar da gadaje a hankali kafin dasa shuki.
5. An zaɓi kyakkyawan shuka tare da kyakkyawan toho na tsakiya kuma tushen an datse shi zuwa 7-10 cm, an saukar da shi cikin dasa fossa, yada su ƙasa, kuma a hankali yayyafa shi tare da ƙasa, da hankali kada ku lalata toho apical.
   

   Matasa strawberry harbi a shirye don dasa

6. Isasa ta ɗan yi rauni. Sa'an nan tsire-tsire suna mulched (tare da bambaro ko sawdust) kuma ana shayar - 2-3 lita na ruwa a kowane daji.

   

   Bayan dasa shuki strawberries, kasar gona kadan tamped

Don yin shuka da kyau, ana jika shi kowace rana tsawon mako guda. Dole ne a kakkantar da gadaje na Berry sau daya a kowace ranakun goma kuma a cire duk ciyawa. 'Ya'yan itacen furanni za su yi farin ciki tare da girbin arziki idan aka katse bushes kuma a lokaci guda.

Babbar kayan miya

Lambun lambun lambu ba zai samar da amfanin gona mai kyau ba, kuma berries ba zai zama mai girma da mai dadi ba har sai an ƙara takin gargajiya da ma'adinai akai-akai. Duk da cewa yayin dasa shuki, takin gargajiya da superphosphate aka dage farawa, ana buƙatar suturar miya ta shekara-shekara a lokacin girma da fure (aƙalla sau 2-3). Kuna buƙatar ƙara biologics a cikin nau'ikan miya na foliar saman, takin mai magani da kuma ƙara kayan maye - a ƙarƙashin tushe.

Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai don tushen da kayan miya na foliar, ana amfani dasu sosai bisa ga umarnin

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don takin strawberry:

• nitroammophosk (potassium + phosphorus + nitrogen), urea;
• kwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'in tsinkewar kaji (bayani 1:20), taki saniya (bayani 1:10) + ash ash;
• aidin, boric acid da manganese;
• samfuran halitta;
• kai-dafa abinci kai (jiko na ganye, yisti mai yisti).
  

  An gabatar da Urea a karkashin wata ciyawar daji don ta bunkasa.

A watan Maris, tare da tsawan yanayi mai ɗorewa, ana kula da strawberries tare da urea (nitrogen taki) don haɓaka haɓaka. Urea an diluted da ruwa a cikin adadin 10 g da 1 guga na ruwa da kuma bi da bushes.

A ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu, za a gudanar da miya mai zuwa, don wannan, ana shayar da strawberries tare da jiko na ganye:

1. Ganyayyaki da mai tushe na nettle, Dandelion da wormwood suna rammed a cikin guga, cike da ruwa.
2. Bada damar ferment for 7 kwanaki.
3. Iya warware matsalar mai arziki a cikin maras tabbas da microelements, sa 0.5 l karkashin daji a cikin tsarma tsari - 1 lita kowace guga na ruwa, ƙara aidin - 10 saukad da guga na ruwa (maganin antiseptik).

Ana shayar da Aisles tare da ingantaccen bayani na potassium permanganate (1 g da lita 5 na ruwa) - wannan yana ba ku damar yaƙi rot da fungi.

Don saurin "girkewa" cikin hanzari na ganyayyaki, ciyawar tana ƙasa kuma an zuba ta da ruwa mai ɗumi

Yankin Baker (wato, amino acid da ke cikinsu, bitamin B, folic acid, da sauransu) suna kunshe ne a cikin ganga tare da ciyawa kafin ferment ya bada sakamako mai kyau.Fakitin live yisti mai nauyin 1 kg ko 50 g busassun yisti an cakuda shi a cikin ruwa na 5 l a ɗakin zafin jiki. Wannan maganin an kara shi a cikin tsire-tsire na ganye kuma an yarda da ferment. A lokacin bazara, ana amfani da miya mai yisti sau 2:

• sau ɗaya kafin fure, yana yiwuwa a cikin jiko na ganye mai narkewa;
• a karo na biyu - a lokacin fure.

Ana amfani da samfuran halitta (Radiance-1, -2, -3) bisa ga umarnin kuma ana amfani da su sau 3:

• wata daya kafin fure,
• Kwana 10 kafin a bude buds,
• kafin fure.
  

  Abubuwan halittu masu amfani da Radiance ana amfani da shi don ban ruwa da kuma ciyar da foliar na strawberries da sauran tsirrai

Ma'adinai ma'adinai mai madadin tare da takin gargajiya. Misali, itacen ash itace kayan ma'adinai na halitta wanda ya dace ya shafi ci gaban kayan amfanin gonar, kuma a lokaci guda yana baka damar sauya acid na kasar gona. Don yin berries ɗin daɗi da m, shirya mafita mai zuwa:

1. Gilashin 1 na ash, 3 g na boric acid (a cikin foda) da digo 30 na aidin an haɗasu da ruwa 10 l.
2. A cikin guga tare da sakamakon da ke ciki ƙara ƙara doki ne mai narkewa ko taki shan saniya (1 kg 10 a kowace l bayani).
   

   Ash yana rage acid acid na kasar gona

Irin wannan takin zamani ne a matsayin tushen kayan miya babban zaɓi ne mai rahusa kuma zaɓi na aiki don ƙarfafa ciyawar fure da tsawaita fruiting (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a farkon samuwar Berry).

Lokacin amfani da takin mai magani ko takin gargajiya, umarnin da kuma gwargwadon yawan ƙwayoyin abubuwan da ke cikin dole ne a bi, ba tare da yin watsi da ƙa'idodi don amintaccen amfani da sunadarai ba. Dole ne a yi amfani da takin zamani akan lokaci kuma tare da yawan shayarwa.

Strawberry pruning

Ana aiwatar da hanyar don:

• sabunta bushes - cire matasa harbe - gashin-baki (girkin bazara). Idan ba a yi wannan ba, ciyawar za ta yi girma su dasa shuki zai yi kauri;
• tsabtace na bushes - bushe da lalace ganye an cire, tare da aibobi da na kwayan cuta rot (spring pruning). Tsabtace tsabtace jiki yana hana yaduwar cututtuka da kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, canja wurin kwaro na kwaro daga samfuran cututtukan zuwa masu lafiya;
• shiri na strawberries don hunturu - yanke mafi yawan ganye bayan fruiting wanda ya sa strawberries ba sa kashe kuzari a kan ciyayi har zuwa shekara mai zuwa (girbi na kaka).

Autar pruning ba ku damar halaka tsohuwar, ganye ganye da ƙara yawan juriya na shuka. Amma wasu yan lambu sunyi la’akari da wannan hanya mara amfani, tunda an rage tsarin daukar hoto, kwayar cutar ta yuwu, kuma yadda ake yankan harbe bashi da matsala ga toho apical.

Ana yin girki na bazara ne bisa ga wasu ƙa’idoji:

• an aiwatar da hanyar a cikin busassun, yanayin kwantar da hankula;
• tsawon harbe ba kasa da 5 cm ba;
• gashin baki baya fitar kuma kar ya fasa.

Itace lokacin girkin bazara shine a cire gashin baki

Matasa harbe - gashin-baki wanda ke dauke abinci mai gina jiki da ƙarfi daga mahaifiyar shuka, an cire shi yayin 'ya'yan itace masu aiki a watan Yuni:

1. An magance gashin baki tare da wataƙila, yana barin kawai farkon don tsari, mafi kusanci ga daji. Waɗannan matasa strawberry rosettes zasu zama babban abu don dasa sabbin abubuwa.
2. Bayan rosettes na gashin-baki suna da tushen, suna yanka a hankali tare da almakashi na lambun ko keɓe - yanzu waɗannan tsire-tsire masu zaman kansu ne.

Wasu nau'ikan gyaran nau'ikan strawberries tare da madaidaiciya mai tushe da ciyayi mai yawa suna thinned a lokacin fruiting wanda ya sa berries ɗin ba suyi ba, yankan yankan ɓoyo da wasu ganye.

Farfagandar lambu strawberries

Duk wani lambu mai novice zai iya samun sabo abu don faɗaɗa tsire-tsire na strawberry, tunda akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yaduwar strawberries. Duk wannan ya dogara da iyawa da kuma burin mai shi na ƙirar strawberry.

Berries za a iya girma:

• daga tsaba waɗanda aka saya a cikin shaguna na musamman ko aka shirya su da kansu;
• ta hanyar rarraba mahaifiyar daji;
• daga gashin baki.

Tsarin iri

Don girma daga tsaba, ana shuka strawberries a ƙarshen Janairu - farkon Maris:

1. An dasa kayan shuka a farfajiya na ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da fim, ƙirƙirar karamin-greenhouse.
   

   A cikin karamin-greenhouse, iri irin strawberry ƙyanƙyashe da sauri

2. Ana fesar da greenhouse kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa da tonawa (hasken rana ya kamata ya zama awanni 12-14).
   

   'Ya'yan itacen Strawberry ana yayyafa shi kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa
3. Bayan makonni 2, iri sun girma, dole ne a bi da su da Humate don kunna haɓaka.
   

   Farkon harbe strawberries yana bayyana bayan makonni 2

4. A cikin matakai na ganye 3-4, ana shuka seedlings.
   

   Samun 'ya'yan itaciyar lambun tsiro suna faruwa a cikin ganyayyaki 3-4

5. A watan Yuni, ana dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
   

   Matasa strawberry bushes suna dasa shi zuwa wurin dindindin a watan Yuni

Seedlings na lambun strawberry suna da 'yanci daga murfin fim a hankali, suna ba shi damar yin taurara. Ganyayyaki mai saurin lalacewa da mai tushe na tsire-tsire matasa, lokacin da aka gurɓata ruwa, nan da nan rot, tare da bushe iska a cikin ɗakin, sun bushe kuma sun fado. Sabili da haka, aiwatar da girma daga zuriya ya fi rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar kulawa da taka tsantsan.

Raba Bush

Lokacin da daji ya kai shekaru 3-4, yana sake farfadowa ta rarrabuwa:

1. Yin amfani da felu, shuka an rarraba shi da kyau cikin samfuran 2-3 (ƙaho) tare da tsarin tushen lafiya da ingantaccen ganye.
2. An rarraba sassan zuwa sabon wuri.
3. Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da bushes ɗin sosai.

Wannan hanyar yaduwa ta dace da ire-iren gyara, waɗanda ba su da gurza.

Bidiyo: yaduwar itace ta hanyar rarraba daji

Gyaran gashin baki

Zai fi sauƙi dasa shuki tare da harbe na gashin baki, saboda ana iya yin wannan a kowane lokaci a cikin lokacin girma:

• bazara ta ƙarshe, an riga an dasa kwandon 'yar suttura a cikin bazara;
• a lokacin rani, ana shuka ciyawar matasa masu kyau tare da kyakkyawan tsarin tushen daga waɗancan nau'ikan waɗanda suka ba da kyakkyawan girbi a kakar wasan da ta gabata, kuma a nan gaba mai kula da lambun ke shirin yaɗa su;
• A cikin bazara, ana zaɓan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, masu ƙoshin lafiya kuma an raba su daga uwar bushes, suna maye gurbin ƙyallen gashin baki a wani shafi na dindindin har sai Satumbar 10-15.

Gashin gashin baki yana faruwa kamar haka:

1. Yankakken kwandon shara an yanka tare da keɓe daga cikin igiyar ciki, an yanke ganye mai yawa.
2. Rage gashin baki tare da tushen cikin kaset ɗin tare da ƙasa mai cike da shayarwa.
3. Groundasar da ke kewaye da gashin-baki an shuka shi ta hannun.
4. Shayar da safe da maraice na rabin zuwa makonni biyu.
5. An shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin wani wuri mai ɗorewa.

Bidiyo: hanya mai sauri wacce ake bi da gashin-baki

Watering strawberries

Ya kamata a shayar da lambun strawberries a ko'ina, ƙoƙarin kada overmoisten ƙasa, amma kuma don hana bushewa daga cikin plantings, musamman yayin ripening na berries. Yanayin ruwan bazai zama ƙasa da 15-20 ° C ba, yana da kyau a sanyaya sashin strawberry tare da ruwan ko ruwan sama. Koyaya, ban ruwa na gadajen bishiyoyi ta amfani da magudanar ruwa na iya daukar lokaci sosai, kuma zaka iya fitar da fushin, tunda ruwan da matatun yake samarwa yayi sanyi sosai saboda wannan noman.

Sabili da haka, hanyoyi mafi kyau don shayar da strawberries:

• yayyafa - a cikin m, lokacin bazara;
• drip ban ruwa a karkashin tushen - a lokacin da yawan yawan furanni da fruiting.

Yawancin lokaci ana shayar da gadaje na strawberry da yamma (a 18-20 hours) ko da sassafe, yayin da shuka ɗaya ke buƙatar ruwa na 3-5, da kuma 20-25 a kowace muraba'in. Tare da waterlogging, fure na fure na strawberries na iya faɗuwa, kuma berries suna fara rairawa.

Kuna buƙatar shayar da lambun lambun strawberries:

• a lokacin furanni - a matsakaici, guje wa hana ruwa, zaku iya amfani da ban ruwa na ruwa;
• yayin tarin berries - lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar yayyafa, mafi sau da yawa - a ƙarƙashin tushe;
• bayan mun girbe a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon watan Satumba ta kowace hanya.

Manyan lambu na zamani sukanyi amfani da ban ruwa na ruwa.

Bidiyo: magudanar ruwa na strawberries

Strawberry Mulching

Saboda haka danshi yana ratsewa a cikin ƙasa, kuma ciyawar ba zata iya yin yaduwar tsiro a cikin ɗanyar ciyawa ba, ana amfani da mulching - yana rufe sararin sama-ƙasa da jera-jeri ta amfani da kayan roba da kayan halitta. Wannan hanya tana ba kawai rage ruwa saboda kiyaye danshi, amma kuma don kawar da ƙazanta akai-akai, don adana berries daga ƙazantar da daskarewa.

'Ya'yan itacen shuki suna ciyawa:

• bambaro da fure;
• ruberoid da kwali;
• ƙananan rassa, ganye;
• sayi kayan sutura.

Hoton hoto: zaɓuɓɓuka don mulching strawberry gadaje

Abubuwa da yawa da yawa kan sanya lambu kafin zaɓin: kayan halitta da hanyoyin inganta ko kuma mafaka da aka saya. Ciyawa daga bambaro, sawdust zai yi sauri da kuma lalacewa daga hazo, dole ne a sabunta shi a kowace bazara da kaka. Abubuwan da ba a saka ba (lutrasil, spanbond) sun fi dacewa, amma masu tsada.

Girma strawberries a cikin greenhouse

Kuna iya karya gadaje na strawberry a kan rukunin yanar gizonku ba kawai a cikin ƙasa ba, har ma da yin amfani da fim da gidajen kore ko polycarbonate ko kuma korayen takin da ke damuna. Musamman wannan zaɓi yana da amfani a cikin yanayin canjin sanyi.

Shuke-shuke ana shuka su ne a cikin greenhouses, ta amfani da:

• Tsararren madaidaici
• a tsaye landings
• zane na musamman (bututu, jaka, raga).

Ana amfani da ƙasa talakawa tare da yashi, yashi da humus.

A farkon lokacin girma suna kula da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin 18-20 ° C, a lokacin furanni da 'ya'yan itace - 20-25 ° C. Ana saukar da zafin jiki na dare ta hanyar 3-5 ° C, mai ƙanƙan da kai zai cutar da ƙwayayen kwayoyi da amfanin gona. An kiyaye zafi a cikin kewayon 70-80%.

'Ya'yan itacen tsiro suna girma akan sikelin masana'antu musamman a cikin ƙasa mai kariya.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana dasa strawberries a cikin tsaka tsakar rana, wanda ke buƙatar aƙalla sa'o'i 12 na tsananin haske, a lokacin furanni da 'ya'yan itace, ƙara shi zuwa awanni 16 ta hanyar nuna alama.

Strawberries a cikin tsari suna buƙatar hydration na yau da kullun, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin greenhouses ana ba su ban ruwa tare da ban ruwa na ruwa. Sauran ayyuka a cikin namo kore na strawberries:

• bushe bushe ganye;
• lura daga kwari da cututtuka;
• loosening da weeding;
• cire gashin baki.

A lokacin furanni na al'adun Berry, an cire fim da kayan da basu saka ba, suna ba da damar yin amfani da kwari. Idan yanayin bai yarda da wannan ba, to tilas ne a saka gidan kudan zuma tare da ƙudan zuma a cikin gidan kore ko kuma a gudanar da pollination na wucin gadi.

Siffofin girma strawberries a cikin yankuna

Ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yankin, ana zaɓan nau'ikan tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana ko gajeru, da wuri ko nau'in gyaran abubuwa. Yanayin zai kuma dogara ne akan lokacin shuka, amfani da mafaka da ciyawa.

A cikin Crimea

Daga Satumba-Oktoba, matasa mustaches a cikin Crimea za a fara dasa shi zuwa wuri na dindindin, idan yanayin ya ba da izinin, ana yaduwar strawberries har zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba. Lokacin shara yana farawa a tsakiyar Maris kuma zai kasance har ƙarshen Oktoba. Suna amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan sa'o'i masu tsayi da tsaka tsaki na rana, sanannen sanannen kuma mai aiki - Redgolt da Krymchanka, Pegasus, Chelsea. Yanayin yanayi yana ba da damar tsawaita fruiting zuwa ga ƙoshin sanyi sosai.

A cikin Crimea, da berries Bloom kuma kai 'ya'yan itace har sai sanyi, amma a ƙarshen kaka ba koyaushe suna da lokaci zuwa cikakken ripen.

Yasa mai yashi da loam suna buƙatar kwance kwanciya da ƙawance. Don samun amfanin gona mai yawa, ana amfani da takin gargajiya (taki, jiko na ganye) da takin ma'adinai. Ana shayar da berries ta hanyar yayyafa da ruwa.

Yanayi mara kyau da kuma yanayin yanayi a cikin hunturu suna shafar zaɓar lambu - da yawa suna amfani da matsataccen tsari mara tsari a lokacin hunturu na gadaje irin na 'ya'yan itace.

A yankin Leningrad

Lokacin bazara mai zafi, lokacin sanyi mai sanyi da kuma yanayin zafi mai zafi yanayin fasali ne na yanayin yankin Leningrad. Sabili da haka, nau'ikan strawberry masu dacewa sune matsakaici da wuri, Hardy hunturu, tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin tarawa (Vityaz, Ostara, Vima Zanta). Su ne mai rauni mai saukin kamuwa zuwa launin toka rot da jure wa rijiyoyin da kyau.

Strawberries na buƙatar matsakaici watering, kayan miya da namo, kazalika da lura da bushes daga kwari da cututtuka. Shayar sau da yawa tare da dumi, ruwa a zauna daga ganga.

Tun da lambun strawberry yana son zafi kuma baya jure danshi mai yawa, 'yan lambu na Leningrad suna yin "gadaje masu ɗumi" tare da gindin katako. Don hana daskarewa da farko na ovaries, amfani da rufe kayan ko girma berries a cikin greenhouses da greenhouses.

Bidiyo: strawberries mai girma a cikin yankin Leningrad

A cikin yankin ƙasa na Krasnodar

Yanayin ƙasa na Krasnodar Territory yana halin yanayi mai zafi, yanayin rana da ruwan sanyi. 'Ya'yan itace a cikin wannan yankin suna girma da wuri da kuma na marigayi, waɗannan sune nau'ikan yanayin tsaka tsaki da tsaka tsaki: Elsanta, Zenga Zengana, Festivalnaya, Kuban da wuri, Albion - an jure da sufuri, da tsayayya wa kwari da tsayayya da yanayin zafi. Yawan jinsunan suna ba da albarkatu masu yawa kuma suna ba da 'ya'ya sau biyu a kakar.

Rawawon itace Strawberry da ke tsayayya da yanayin zafi da zafin rana a cikin ƙasa ta Krasnodar suna ba da kyakkyawan girbi

Zaɓin zaɓi na ruwa suna yayyafawa da bushewa, ciyarwa na yau da kullun, namowa da kuma amfani da ciyawa sun zama dole. Yanayin da ya fi dacewa yana inganta haɓakar strawberries ba kawai ta hanyar lambu mai son ba, har ma da manyan gonaki na noma - a buɗe ƙasa da kuma katako.

A Siberiya

Imalarancin iri don haɓaka a Siberiya suna da farkon lokacin yin amfani da su kuma ba sa fuskantar fari. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan suna gyara nau'ikan da ake horar da su a cikin gidajen katako da katako, amma har da strawberries na hasken rana tsaka tsaki, hunturu-Hardy da farkon girma (Sakhalin, Honey, Elizabeth 2). Ga Siberiya, nau'in farkon da ya ba da izinin dawo da dusar ƙanƙara, Sudarushka, Vima Zanta, an kuma karye. Suna girma a cikin greenhouse da kuma bude ƙasa, muddin cewa hunturu dasa za a mulched da kayan rufe.

Yanayin yanayi mai wahala yana ba da shawarar dasa shuki, wannan ya ba da izinin shuka ya yi tushe da girma. Wurin da aka zaba rana, gadaje an yi gada bisa ka'idodin gargajiya.

Nasarar girma a cikin strawberries shine sakamakon ingantaccen ruwa da takin. Mafi yawanci ana amfani da mulching, musamman idan strawberries ke girma a cikin ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, gadaje na strawberry ma an rufe su da rassan lutrasil da rassan spruce.

Bidiyo: strawberries mai girma a Siberiya

Girma strawberries a Belarus

Ana girma iri iri a cikin Belarus, a cikinsu akwai wadataccen yanayi, gajere da tsaka tsaran hasken rana (Charlotte, Alba, Clery).

Za'a sami wadataccen amfanin gona ta hanyar amfani da takin mai magani na yau da kullun, mullein, busar kaji. Suna gudanar da dasa shuki da damina, suna yaduwar tsiroran bishiyoyi tare da gashin baki da kuma rarraba ciyawar. Sau da yawa ana shuka berries akan baranda (a cikin tukwane na fure, kwantena), suna kafa gadaje a tsaye.

Ana horar da lambun lambu a hanyar gargajiya a cikin ƙasa buɗe tare da tsari na ɗan lokaci. Yanayin yana ba ku damar jin daɗin berries har sai sanyi.

Nasiha

Abarba yana zaune har zuwa sunanta, yana da dandano wanda ba irin itacen marmaro ba ne, ɗan itace-abarba, matsattsiyar matsakaici. 'Ya'yanninta sun kasance babba, mai laushi, mai daɗi, mai taushi, mai kamshi da daɗi, jiki ya yi fari da ruwan hoda. Arearshen bushes suna da tsayi, 'ya'yan itace da baleen. Ruwan gashin baki. Amma tare da duk ƙarin, yana da babban koma baya - yana rots tare da estanƙanƙan ruwa. Hakanan, kwaɗi da katako suna ƙaunar dandanorta (Ina tsammanin suna), ana kawai an bushe berries, bisa ƙa'idar: idan ban ci abinci ba, zan ciji. Na kiyaye daji 10 a zahiri don ci gaba, amma a wannan shekara halittun da ke jan abubuwa suna da ƙari a kan. A cikin binciken ma'anar sunan, ban sami wani abin da ya dace ba, ga alama, nau'ikan da ke kama da su kaɗan ne ko ba duka. Amma wannan nau'in ya tsufa, ba sabo bane.

Ladoga

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Muna da nau'ikan girke-girke na 'ya'yan itace da yawa, kuma an ƙara girma kananan waɗanda aka girbe daga tsaba. Akwai gyara.Amma sau ɗaya, cikin godiya, sun gabatar da ni da kayan shuka don dredges. Na ƙaunace ta sosai da nau'in bushes, da dandano, da ƙamshi, kuma na zama na fi so. Ya dandani kamar ciyawar strawberries, kawai elongated da sau 2 girma. Bishiyar tana da cm 3 cm girman 3. tsire-tsire ba sa fama da ƙarancin launin toka, tunda filayen suna da tsayi kuma suna sama da ganyayyaki yayin furanni. 'Ya'yan itacen suna daɗewa (har zuwa watanni 1.5), kuma berries suna tsabtace koyaushe, ba sa buƙatar a wanke su.

Lisenok

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Strawberry iri-iri FLORENCE - marigayi strawberry. Tsire-tsire suna da girma, ganye suna duhu kore, gashin-baki mai kauri, yana sanya mai yawa a cikin hunturu, ko kuma hakan, ya “jika”, saboda Berry ɗan ƙasar waje yana jin tsoron karuwar zafi daga ɗimbin dusar ƙanƙanmu, ana iya girma da tsire-tsire na mustash. Matsakaicin amfanin gona, da berries ne mai yawa, na farko har ma da crunch. Dandanan ba tare da alamu na musamman suna da daɗi da daɗi ba. Ban yi sha'awar wannan nau'in ba.

Ledi irin

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Abin da aka fi so a cikin bazara bazara ba kawai shine ɗakunan ajiya na bitamin da kayan zaki mai ban sha'awa ba, yawancin lokaci shine kayan ado na lambun. Koyaya, bazai girma kuma ya bada fruita fruitan yalwa idan babu isasshen danshi, zafi da abubuwa masu alama don haɓaka mai aiki. Don jin daɗin ɗanɗano mai daɗin ganyen berries duk lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari kuma tabbatar da fahimtar siffofin namo kayan lambu mai ban mamaki.