Duk wani lambu da ya shuka iri-iri a kan makircin sa, ya san irin aikin da ake buƙatar sanyawa cikin kula da wannan amfanin gona, sabili da haka yana son sakamakon ya baratar da su. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya kula da strawberries na San Andreas.
Takaitaccen Tarihin Sananniyar Strawberry Bambancin
Strawberry San Andreas ya kirkiro daga mahallin California a cikin 2002 dangane da fitattun nau'ikan Albion. 'Yan lambu sun ce San Andreas wani ingantaccen fasali ne na "babban ɗan'uwansa". Ana amfani da wannan ganyen itace tun 2009.
Babban halayyar mutum
Strawberries San Andreas nasa ne da nau'in gyaran (yana iya yin fure da bada 'ya'ya sau da yawa a lokutan, yawanci 3-4). Itatuwa na samar da karamin matsakaici-sized daji tare da tsarin tushen karfi da kananan ganyayyaki masu haske. Peduncles yawanci basu wuce 10 ba. Ilimin gashin baki yana da rauni. A yanayin zafi, an dakatar da fitar da 'ya'yan itace.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu siffar launuka, zagaye a ƙarshen, ja mai haske, mai haske, tare da tsaba masu faɗuwa. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne ja-orange, da wuya. Yawan nauyin berries shine 20-30 g, samfuran mutum zasu iya kai 50 g.
Strawberry San Andreas yana da kyawawan bayyanar da kyakkyawan dandano.
Abvantbuwan amfãni:
- babban yawan aiki. Daga daji guda ɗaya zaka iya tattarawa daga kilogiram 0.5 zuwa 1 kg na berries;
- tsawo fruiting. Yawancin zai iya ba da 'ya'ya har ma da rage zafin rana. Godiya ga wannan ingancin, zaku iya karɓar 'ya'yan itace daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa masu inganci. A berries ne mai dadi, tare da kadan m acidity. Saboda ƙarancin su ana jigilar su daidai kuma an adana su;
- rigakafi ga launin fata launin toka da anthracnose.
Misalai:
- da rashin iyawa ya yada strawberries tare da gashin baki ko tsaba. San Andreas kusan ba ya samar da gashin-baki, kuma tunda wannan ciyawar itace yar kunan itace ce, tsirran da suka girma daga tsararran da aka cire ba zasu sami kayyakin iyaye ba;
- karba. Strawberries na wannan nau'in ya fi son yanayin dumama, don haka ya fi dacewa da tsarin namowa a kudanci. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, San Andreas ya fi dacewa a cikin kore;
- bukatar kulawa. Rashin ayyukan noma zai rage yawan aiki;
- gajeran rayuwa. Shekaru 3-4 bayan dasawa, kuna buƙatar sabunta Berry.
Bidiyo: Strawberry San Andreas
Strawberry Seedlings: ƙa'idodi don tsari da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda dole ne a yi su domin samun lafiyayyen berryanyen iri iri masu ƙwazo.
- Rashin kamuwa da cuta. Sanya tsaba a cikin haske mai ruwan hoda na ruwan hoda mai haske tsawon mintuna 30 kuma a hankali a hankali. Sannan a cire a shafa a ruwa mai tsabta. Dry ɗauka da sauƙi a kan adiko na goge baki.
- Soaking. Tunda San Andreas nasa ne da manyan nau'ikan, yana da kyau a jiƙa tsabarsa kafin shuka don sauƙaƙe amfaninsu. Don yin wannan, shimfiɗa tsaba a kan zane mai laushi mai laushi, sanya shi a cikin jakar filastik kuma sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi don kwana 2. Dole ne a kula da yadda ƙurar ta yi laushi lokacin wannan lokacin.
Manyan tsire-tsire iri iri ne suka yi kyau bayan soaking
- Tsarin iri. Idan kana son samun farkon strawberry seedlings, za ka iya stratify da tsaba. Dole ne a aiwatar da wannan hanyar a watan Nuwamba. Bi matakai iri ɗaya kamar lokacin soya, sannan kuma sanya jaka ko kwalin filastik tare da zane a cikin firiji akan ƙananan shiryayye. Tsarin iri na ɗaukar watanni biyu. Ka tuna ka sanya rigar ta danshi.
Stratification na tsaba ba ka damar samun farkon seedlings
Ruwa don duk hanyoyin da ke da tsaba da tsire-tsire ya kamata dumi da taushi.
Shuka tsaba
Shuka strawberries don shuka seedlings don farawa a watan Maris. Idan kana son shuka seedlings a watan Agusta, zaka iya shuka strawberries a ƙarshen Mayu.
Shirya ƙasa. Cakuda na iya zama kamar haka:
- takin (sassan 3) + kasar gona (3 sassa) + itace ash (sassan 0.5);
- humus (sassa 5) + yashi (3 sassa);
- peat (sassa 3) + yashi (3 sassa) + vermiculite (4 sassa);
- yashi (3 sassa) + kasar gona (1 part) + humus (1 part).
Kafin shuka, yana da kyawawa don lalata ƙasa, dumama shi don awa 1 a zazzabi na 90-120game daC. Bayan kamuwa da cuta, za ku iya cire shi a cikin wurin dumi na makonni 2-3, domin kwayoyin cuta masu amfani su sake fitowa ciki.
Strawberries suna buƙatar a shuka farko a cikin akwatin ɗayan kowa tare da tsawo ba fiye da 15 cm ba, sannan kuma harbe harbe a cikin kwantena daban.
- A kasan tankin, yi ramuka na magudana da yawa kuma a zuba kyawawan tsakuwa ko kuma yumɓu mai shimfida tare da Layer na 2-3 cm.
- Cika aljihun tebur tare da kayan aikin da aka shirya game da rabi.
- Danshi da ɗanɗano daga bindiga da aka fesa.
- Yin amfani da hanzari, a hankali sanya tsaba 3-4 cm baya. Ba kwa buƙatar cika tsaba - strawberries suna tono sosai a cikin haske.
- Rufe akwatin tare da fim ɗin zahiri, bayan yin ramuka da yawa a ciki, kuma sanya shi a cikin wuri mai ɗumi, mai haske, da nisantar hasken rana kai tsaye.
- Ƙasƙantar da ƙasa tare da bindiga mai feshi kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Tsarin Strawberry ba sa buƙatar zurfafa
Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2-3. Idan kun gurbata tsaba, to, an rage wannan lokacin zuwa 'yan kwanaki ko sati 1. Bayan fitowar sprouts, sama da “greenhouse” na tsawon awanni 2-3, a hankali kara lokaci. Zai iya yiwuwa a cire fim din gaba daya lokacin da ganyaye biyu na gaskiya suka bayyana kusa da seedlings.
Seedlings bukatar samar da isasshen haske. Don yin wannan, shigar da fitila mai haske don haske ya fado daga tsayin 20 cm.
Yayin da 'ya'yan itace ke ƙarƙashin fim ɗin, ɗigunan ruwa za su haɓaka a kan fuskarta. Yi ƙoƙarin guji samun danshi a kan tsire-tsire, don haka canza ko goge fim ɗin, da ruwa tare da cokali ko amfani da sirinji a ƙarƙashin kashin.
Daukana seedlings
'Ya'yan itacen Strawberry ana iya rayuwa cikin kwantena daban bayan ganye 3-4 na gaskiya (ba a cika) sun bayyana.
- Shirya kwantena (peat tukwane, kofuna waɗanda filastik).
- Yi ramuka na magudana a kasa ka yayyafa wasu yumbu da aka kaɗa kamar kaɗa.
- Cika kwantena tare da wani madubi kuma sanyaya shi. Yi rami a tsakiya.
- Furr kasar gona da kyau a cikin akwatin gama gari kuma a hankali cire strawberry shoot da cotyledon (m) ganye. Tsamu kashin baya.
- A Hankali sanya sprout a cikin shirye rami a hankali kuma yayyafa Tushen, tabbatar cewa apical koda ya zauna a farfajiya.
Dive ya kamata a yi a hankali, kula kada ku lalata tushen sa
A nan gaba, seedlings suna buƙatar shayarwar lokaci da kuma kayan miya da ke da sarƙar shirye-shirye, alal misali, Tashar ko Kemira. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da irin wannan suturar kowane kwana 10-12.
Cututtukan Seedling
Plantsanan tsire-tsire na iya shafar kwari da cututtuka:
- kafa na baki. Bishiyoyi na iya sha wahala daga danshi mai yawa. Cutar alama ce ta baki na tushe a gindi. Bayan haka, tushe yana laushi, ya karye, kuma shuka ta mutu. Idan kun lura da wannan akan allolinku, to sai ku karba shi a cikin kwantena daban tare da kasar da aka gurbata kuma a sa a wani wuri mai dumin haske. Bayan kwanaki 1-2, bi da ƙasa tare da Fitosporin ko Bactofit;
- powdery mildew. Za a nuna kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar wani haske mai haske akan ganyayyaki, wanda a lokacin zai yi duhu, kuma 'yan' uwan na su zasu raunana kuma su mutu. A wannan yanayin, halakar da duk rassan da ke da lafiya, kuma ku kula da kyawawan tsire-tsire tare da Fitosporin ko Planriz;
- gizo-gizo mites. Za'a iya hukunci da kasancewar su lokacin da azurfa ko haske rawaya rawaya ya bayyana a ƙasan ganyen da fararen tabo a ciki. Kari akan haka, zaku iya lura da membrane tsakanin tushe da ganyayyaki. A cikin yaƙin ticks, yi amfani da shirye-shiryen Karbofos, Aktara, Fitoverm.
Shirya Tsarin Strawberry Bed San Andreas
Don tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayi don haɓaka ƙwayar strawberry, wajibi ne don shirya gonar yadda yakamata.
Kyakkyawan magabata na strawberries sune calendula, tafarnuwa, faski, mustard da karas. A wurin da raspberries, cucumbers, dankali da kabeji da aka yi amfani da su, ba a so a shirya Berry.
Don strawberries, San Andreas ya dace wa yankin da ke da cike da hasken wuta tare da yashi mara nauyi ko ƙasa mai loamy. Don kare plantings daga iska kwatsam na iska, sanya su tsakanin bushes na currants ko gooseberries. Hakanan la'akari da matakin ruwan karkashin kasa - zurfin faruwar su ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 1.5 m.
Tsarin gado:
- Tona filawar gwaiwa da cire duk ciyawa.
- A 1 m2 Sanya guga na takin ko humus da kilo 5 na ash.
- Wata daya kafin dasa shuki seedlings, ƙara 20 g na potassium salts da 40 g na superphosphate ga kasar gona (1 a kowace m2).
Iri gadaje:
- Bude kwance a kwance. Idan kuna son dasa shuki a cikin layi 1, to fa faɗin nisa ya zama cm 40. Idan kuna shirin gado a cikin layuka 2, to fa faɗi ya kamata ya zama 80 cm kuma nisan da ke tsakanin layuka shine 30-40 cm. Ramin don strawberries ya kamata ya kasance nesa da 20 -25 cm baya. A tarnaƙi, zaku iya ƙarfafa gado tare da allon ko guda na kwance.
A kan gado kwance, za a iya shirya strawberries a cikin layuka 1 ko 2
- Bed bed. A wurin da aka zaɓa, tono rami mai zurfi 40 cm. Cika shi: farkon farawa - manyan rassa da aka yanƙa; kashi na biyu shine sharar gida: bambaro, ganye mai bushe, ciyawar. Zuba wannan Layer tare da ruwa mai ɗumi; na uku Layer ne m ƙasar.
Gado mai dumi zai ba da strawberries tare da yanayin girma mai kyau
- Gidan Greenhouse. Ana buƙatar yin irin wannan gado ga mazaunan tsakiyar layin tsakiya da kuma yankuna na arewacin, tunda ciyawar San Andreas ba ta girma da ƙarancin zafi. A cikin gilashin gilashin kore ko polycarbonate, shigar da akwati mai tsayi aƙalla cm 70. Cika shi: sa rassan yankan (zaka iya amfani da ragowar daga datsa), humus, ƙasa takin a saman (aƙalla 20 cm). Layuka da ramuka ya kamata a kasance a nesa na 20 cm daga juna.
Heat-ƙauna iri strawberry iri bukatar a girma a cikin wani greenhouse
Dasa shuka
Kada ka manta su taurara da seedlings kafin dasa a cikin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, a cikin makonni 2, fitar da shi cikin sararin sama, da farko na rabin sa'a, a hankali ƙara yawan lokacin da kuka ɓata.
Lokacin saukar ruwa
Yawanci, ana aiwatar da dasa shuki daga tsakiyar tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Mayu don guje wa barazanar daskarewa daskarewa. Zai fi kyau shuka strawberries a ranar girgije. Kayan fasaha kamar haka:
- A kan gado da aka shirya, yi ramuka 7-10 cm zurfi.
- Cika su da humus kuma moisten da kyau tare da bayani na potassium permanganate.
- Sanya wata shuka a cikin kowace rijiya. Sa'a daya kafin dasa shuki, seedlings suna buƙatar a shayar da su sosai. Idan ya girma a cikin tukwane na peat, to, ba kwa buƙatar cire bushes.
- A hankali a ƙara tushen tushen strawberry. Dole ne koda ya zauna a farfajiya.
A cikin shekarar farko, ana bada shawara a yanke duk furanni domin manoman su kara karfi.
Autar saukowa
A halin yanzu, irin shuka iri don gyara don hunturu yana kara yaduwa, saboda yana bawa tsire-tsire damar ɗauka tushe kuma ya yi ƙarfi, da guje wa matsaloli tare da kwari da cututtuka. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana aiwatar da saukowa daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa farkon Satumba. Fasahar shuka iri ɗaya ce kamar ta bazara, amma ba tare da gabatar da takin nitrogen ba.
Lokacin dasa shuki strawberries, kuna buƙatar barin apical toho a farfajiya
Fasahar aikin gona na gyaran strawberries
Don tabbatar da yawan ƙwayar strawberries a San Andreas, dole ne a kula da shi sosai.
Watse
Bayan dasa shuki tsawon kwanaki, matasa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar shayar da su kowace rana, kuma da zarar sun sami ƙarfi, sau ɗaya kowace kwana 3. Ya kamata a shayar da bushes na bara na farko a ƙarshen Afrilu. A watan Mayu da Yuni, moisten da strawberries sau 4, a watan Agusta da Satumba sau 2 sun isa. Yi amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi, a hankali a sanya ruwan a ƙarƙashin tushe, a aiwatar da maraice.
Tabbatar da sassauta kasar gona a kewayen bishiyoyi, musamman ma bayan an sha ruwa, don kauce wa bayyanar ɓawon burodi da ciyar da ƙasa da iskar oxygen.
Manyan miya
Kar ka manta cewa kana buƙatar dasa shuki a kan gado ta takin. Idan kunyan itace ka shekara daya ne ko fiye, to tsarin ciyarwar zai zama kamar haka:
- a watan Mayu, takin strawberries tare da urea (10 g na taki da lita 10 na ruwa);
- a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuni - tare da bayani na kaza droppings (1 sashin kwayoyin a kowace sassa na ruwa 20) ko taki (1 sashin kwayoyin da sashe 10 na ruwa);
- maganin ash zai kuma zama da amfani (zuba 2 tbsp na toka tare da ruwan zãfi, bar tsawon awanni 3, sannan a tsarma a cikin ruwa na 10. l l ana buƙatar kowace daji) ko amfani da busasshen bushe (0.5 kilogiram a kowane daji);
- A lokacin kaka, takin San Andreas tare da takin musamman (misali, Autumn).
A lokacin rani kuna buƙatar ciyar da riguna masu wuya 10, in ba haka ba inji zai raunana ta faɗuwa kuma bazai jure hunturu ba.
Mulching
Wannan taron zai kiyaye ku daga yawan shayarwa, tunda za a fi kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa, kare gado daga kwari, hana koyon abinci mai gina jiki daga ƙasa da kuma kula da yawan zafin da yake buƙata. Don ciyawa, bambaro, peat, sawdust ko Pine needles sun dace. Tsarin mulch yakamata ya zama akalla 5 cm, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yana buƙatar sabunta shi.
Hakanan zaka iya ciyawa gado tare da agrofibre. Idan ka yanke shawara don amfani da wannan kayan, to, kuyi takin mai magani da ake buƙata, ku rufe gado tare da kan layi, guda ya kamata ya rufe juna da cm 20. Gyara agrofibre tare da baka. A wa] annan wuraren da za ku shuka shuki, yi jujjuyawa mai siffa.
Agrofiber zai kare berries daga lalata
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
A bu mai kyau datsa remontant strawberries a cikin fall. Yanke duk ganyayyaki da farfajiyoyin, suna ƙoƙarin kada su lalata abubuwan buds, daga wanda aka samo sababbin ganye. Rufe bushes tare da rassan spruce a ƙarshen kakar, saboda wannan strawberry baya son yanayin sanyi.
Strawberry Kwaro San Andreas
San Andreas yana iya kamuwa da wasu cututtuka, gami da digo-digo da kuma tabo. 'Yan lambu kuma lura cewa shuka yawanci shafa aphids da strawberry mites. Bayani na asali game da cutar raunuka:
- Tare da mildew powdery, an rufe ciyawar da murfin haske, wanda sai ya juya launin ruwan kasa. Bar curl da fada. Abubuwan amfanin gona suna raguwa sosai. Don neman magani, yi amfani da maganin colloidal sulfur (100 g na foda a 10 l na ruwa). Cire mazuzukan da abin ya shafa.
- Haske fari. Babban alamar ita ce bayyanar a jikin ganyen farko da launin ruwan kasa, sannan fari ko launin toka a tsakiya sannan kuma wani shinge mai duhu ya zagaye shi. Ganye ya shafa ganye bushe, da shuka weakens. Don magani, ƙwayar Bordeaux ya dace. Don shirya shi, Mix 300 g na jan karfe na tagulla tare da 1 lita na ruwan zãfi da 100 g lemun tsami tare da 1 lita na ruwan zãfi. Lokacin da ruwan magani ya sanyaya, ƙara 8 L na ruwa da iri. Maimaita idan ya cancanta. Cire ganyen da abin ya shafa.
- Aphids. Don magance, yi amfani da maganin ash-sabulu. An shirya shi kamar haka: Rage 300 g na ash, zuba tafasasshen ruwa da tafasa tsawon minti 25. Sannan a tsarma a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Don sa mafita ta zama mafi kyau, ƙara 50 g na sabulu.
- Strawberry mite. Wannan kwaro yana da ikon haifar da babbar lalacewar wuraren saukarku. Game da lalacewa, ganye suna narkewa kuma an rufe su da abin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, berriesan wasan berries ƙanana da bushe. Tsarin da abin ya shafa ba zai iya jure hunturu ba. Don gwagwarmaya, yi amfani da shirye-shiryen Fufanon (15 ml a cikin 5 l na ruwa), Kemifos (10 ml a cikin 5 l).
Hoton hoto: cututtukan strawberry da kwari
- Powdery mildew na iya lalata daji da sauri
- Aphids ya cutar da ci gaban strawberries
- Dandalin farin fari yakan bayyana akan ganyayen strawberry
- Strawberry mite galibi ana samun sa a wuraren lambun.
'Yan lambu sun sake yin nazari game da iri-iri na San Andreas
Idan aka kwatanta da Albion, to ya fi dacewa - daji da kansa ya fi karfi, tushen ya fi kyau, ya fi tsayayya da tabo da sauran cututtukan gama gari da kwari na lambun strawberries (strawberries). Voranshin ɗanɗano kusan kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma ɗimbin ƙasa yana da ƙasa, yana da kyau sosai da dumin rai, tare da tara yawan sukari. Kuma mafi mahimmancin amfani shine yawan aiki. A wani daji har zuwa kafa 10 - 10. Shuka yayi kadan a San Andreas fiye da na Albion, amma hakora suna faruwa lokaci guda tare da 'ya'yan itace. Wannan ciyawar itace take matukar tsayayya da yanayi da cuta, kuma tana tsayayya da 'ya'yan itace a lokacin rani a cikin zafi ba tare da karin shading ba.
Luda Avina//sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=17270
San Andreas ya dandana a bara kuma wannan. An karɓa daga .an Ingila. Don haka na tabbata da ingancin kayan shuka. Amma ba na son wannan iri-iri. Ba'a yin lamuran Berry, ba kyau sosai, sau da yawa gibberish. Albion a kan asalin CA ya fi kyau a cikin Berry, koyaushe yana da kyau, masu hada kai da kuma m Berry. Hakanan, a cikin SA, Berry yana da taushi kuma, amma ni, na ɗanɗana mafi muni da Albion. Babu wani zaƙi mai daɗi da zurfin ɗanɗano da ke kan Albion cikakke. A kan yawan SA, Ina kuma da tambayoyi. Ko ta yaya ba ta haskakawa. Kodayake na dasa na dasa kamar wata bushes ne a cikin peat + mai kyau a cikin tukwane + takin + mai kara kuzari, amma har da kulawa mai kyau, girbin ya baci.
Tezier//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3054
Tare da namowa na strawberries San Andreas har ma da wani mai kula da lambu mai novice zai jimre. Bi duk umarnin, bishiyar za ta faranta maka rai tare da amfanin gona mai inganci.
