Inabi tare da tarihi - Saperavi: yadda ake shuka da girma tsohuwar nau'in innabi

Akwai nau'ikan 'ya'yan innabi da yawa da aka shuka. Daga cikin su ana gwada lokaci-lokaci kuma masu kaunar giya daga kasashe daban-daban. Misali, Saperavi inabi, wanda tarihinta ya koma sama da shekaru dozin. Kula da shi abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma girbi daga daji abin farin ciki ne. Idan ka yanke shawarar yin gwaji tare da kirkirar sabbin nau'ikan, to Saperavi ba zai ba ku damar sauka ba.

Tarihin 'ya'yan inabi na Saperavi

Ana ɗauka Georgia a matsayin asalin inabi. A cikin wannan ƙasar ne berry mai ban sha'awa ke tsiro a cikin daji. Mutane sun daɗe suna ciyawar tsirrai a daji, don haka ƙasar ta cika nau'in inabbai sama da 500, yawancinsu sanannu ne.

Ana la'akari da Georgia ta wurin wurin 'ya'yan inabi, ba abin mamaki bane cewa yawancin nau'in giya na wannan Berry ya samo asali a nan.

Saperavi yana da kyau a ɗauke shi mafi tsufa kuma sanannen iri-iri na grapesan itacen fata na Georgia. Ranar shigarwar a cikin Rajistar Jihohi ya bayyana tun daga 1959 Yankunan yankuna sune Arewacin Caucasus da ƙananan Volga. A gida, ana daukar Kakheti babbar cibiyar haɓaka Saperavi. Yankunan da suka fi dacewa don shuka iri sune yankuna na tekun Bahar Maliya. Amma a cikin dogon tarihinta, nau'in ya rinjayi masu noman giya, saboda haka Saperavi ya girma a Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Moldova, a kudancin Ukraine. Inabi da kyau a cikin Crimea, a cikin lardunan Stavropol da Krasnodar, da Dagestan. Don namowa a tsakiyar latitude, wannan innabi bai dace sosai ba saboda ƙarshen ripening.

An yi la'akari da nau'in innabi saperavi mafi tsufa a cikin Jojiya

Ana ganin Saperavi babban nau'in abin da ake yin ruwan inabi a cikin ƙasa. Gilashin tebur da aka yi daga wannan innabi an kwatanta shi da launi mai duhu, bouquet mai arziki, babban dandano da babban ƙarfin tsufa. An bayyana dandano na musamman na giya bayan shekaru 4 na ajiya. Shin zaku iya tunanin menene irin farin da ake yi a cikin giya mai tsufa? Bayan haka, za'a iya adana shi har zuwa shekaru 50. Baya ga giya mai nau'in ruwan inabi, wacce ake kira Saperavi, an samar da giya mai kyau tare da halartar nau'ikan - Algeti, Kindzmarauli, Pirosmani (ja), Mukuzani, da dai sauransu.

Saperavi an yi amfani da ita sosai don shayar da sababbin nau'ikan. Misali, a cikin Novocherkassk tare da sa hannu, an samo Saperavi Northern. Kuma a cikin Crimea, raguwa:

• Ruby Magaracha;
• Bastardo Magarach;
• Jalita
• Mai yawa.

Ruby Magaracha ɗayan nau'ikan iri ne da aka kirkira ta amfani da Saperavi

Bayanin

Seedlingsawann da aka yiwa shinge suna zubewa, leavesan ganye suna da yawa, tsallake ko siraran, mai zagaye tare da tsagi. Saperavi daji yana da girma matsakaici. Harbe-kaka na shekara-shekara sune launin ruwan kasa mai ɗanɗano launin toka, nodes ɗin duhu ne. A lokacin girma, harbe suna nuna kyakkyawan kashi na girma - 85%. Kusan kashi 70% na wannan adadin na bada 'ya'ya.

Bar bar matsakaicin girman, fentin a kore. Siffar ta zagaye, wani lokacin kuma saboda tsakar tsakiyar elongated. Ruwan ganye yana da lobes 3 zuwa 5, amma dissection ɗin ya yi rauni ko kusan ba ya nan. A gefuna na takardar an ɗaga sama. Fuskar ƙasa tabbatacciya ce, amma ɓangaren da ba daidai ba yana da kauri mara nauyi, kamar gidan yanar gizo. Matasa masu ganye suna haske kore tare da ɗan ƙaramin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Hakanan an lullube su da wata damuwa mai kama da marainiya. A cikin kaka, ganye juya launin rawaya kuma ya zama ya cika da ruwan inabi.

Ganyen Saperavi yana canza launin ruwan inabi a kaka

Furanni suna bisexual, saboda haka fruiting na faruwa ko da ba tare da pollinators ba. Lusungiyoyin ba su da girma sosai, suna masu nauyin 120 - 170 g. Goga ya daskare, na yawan matsakaici. A form ne conical ko branched. Kafar takaice ba tauri.

The berries ne m, matsakaici a cikin size. Weight daga 0.9 zuwa 1.4 g .. Fatar fata ce mai bakin ciki, amma tana da ƙarfi. An fentin cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai duhu kuma an rufe shi da murfin kakin zuma. Theunbin ɗamari yana da daɗi da ɗanɗano, yana wartsakewa. Bambanci cikin juiciness - daga kilogiram na 10 na berries karɓa har zuwa lita 8.5 na ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai launin ɗanɗano. Akwai 1 ko 2 tsaba a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara .. Saperavi a zahiri yana nufin "Dyer." Wannan yana nufin cewa yana ƙunshe da abubuwa masu launi iri-iri. Ya kamata a la'akari da wannan gaskiyar lokacin da za a ɗanɗana giya - launi mai ja zai launi ba kawai lebe ba, har ma hakora.

Cungiyoyin Saperavi ƙananan ne amma mai yawa

Fasali na nau'ikan Saperavi

Kowane iri-iri yana da halaye na kansa. A Saperavi sune kamar haka:

• An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar fure mai fure da fure, wanda shine babban koma baya;
• Ana iya lura da hammocks (ƙananan ciyawar da ba a shuka);
• da iri-iri na rayayye tara sukari, amma a lokaci guda shi sannu a hankali rage acidity. Za a ƙunshi sukari daga 17 zuwa 20.1 g / 100 ml (wani lokacin har zuwa 26 g), acidity shine 7.8 - 12.6 g / l.

Siffar

1. Saperavi ya kasance ne daga irin nau'ikan marigayi ripening - kimanin kwanaki 160 suka wuce daga farkon budding na buds zuwa cikakkiyar ripeness. Ganin banbancin sauyin yanayi, an girke berries a ƙarshen Satumba-tsakiyar Oktoba.
2. Innabi yana ba da farkon girbinsa yana da shekaru 4. Mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace sune vines da suka kai shekara 15. A wuri guda, Saperavi na iya samun nasarar girma shekaru 25.
3. Yawan aiki ba shi da kyau - 90 kilogiram / ha. Mafi kyawun 'ya'yan itace shine 110 c / ha, yana nunawa a cikin ƙasa. Fruiting ne shekara-shekara.
4. Resistanceanƙarar sanyi shine matsakaici. Dankin yana tsayayya da daskararru na 20 ° C, amma rage girman zafin jiki yana da tasirin gaske akan idanun wintering.
5. Yayi kyau sosai haƙuri haƙuri. Tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan iko na iya samar da wani ɗan ƙaramin daji tare da danshi wanda yakamata.
6. A iri-iri nuna matsakaici jure cututtuka da kwari. Inabi na talauci yana iya tsayawa ya zama mildew da oidium, a cikin rigar yanayi ana iya shafawa da launin toka. Amma a tsakanin sauran nau'ikan, Saperavi ba ta da matsala da mamayewar wasu inabi.
7. Saperavi yana cikin nau'ikan fasaha, waɗanda suke da kyawawan kayan albarkatun don yin ruwan inabi. Amma 'ya'yan inabin da aka daɗe da kyau suna dandana abu mai kyau kuma galibi ana amfani da shi ne don amfanin ɗan adam.

Ana daukar Saperavi ɗayan mafi kyawun maki fasaha.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da nakasa - tebur

Bayan an farfado, berries na Saperavi ba sa murƙushewa daga daji na ɗan lokaci.

Fasali

Kawai bin ka'idodin dasa shukura mai yiwuwa ne mutum yayi girma a daji mai inganci da kuma ingancin inabi.

Zaɓin shafin da ƙasa mai dacewa

Inabi ba a banza ake kira bishiyar rana ba, saboda duk amfanin gona shine ya fi kowa dogaro. Ba da wannan fasalin, gwada zaɓan wurin buɗewa ga kudanci don shuka. Daga arewa da arewa maso gabas inabi bukatar a rufe daga iska. Yana da kyau cewa a wannan gefen akwai gine-gine, manyan fences ko tsire-tsire na itace. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa rukunin wuraren da wuraren shuka Saperavi ya kamata a sami iska mai kyau don kada su haifar da yanayi mai dacewa don kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Amma inabi bai kamata a cikin daftarin ba.

Rashin cikakken haske yana halatta kawai ga ɗan kurmi. Ya kamata a kunna kambi na ɗan ƙaramin tsire-tsire kamar yadda zai yiwu. Ga Saperavi, wannan mahimmancin yana da mahimmanci, tunda inabi sun makara, kuma nitsuwarta tana faɗuwa yayin lokacin da sa'o'in rana suke kan faɗi.

Ga Saperavi, matsakaicin hasken wuta yana da matukar muhimmanci, saboda ya kasance na ƙarshen karatun

Kowane mai lambu yana so ya sami babban adadin bishiyoyi na 'ya'yan itace da ciyawa a cikin rukuninsu. Amma ƙananan sarari masu zaman kansu basu yarda da wannan ba. Sabili da haka, an sanya wuraren inabi mafi yawancin wurare kusa da gidan kanta. Ba zai yuwu yin wannan ba. Inabi na son yawan shayarwa, kuma wannan na iya haifar da barkewar kafuwar. Dasa kusa da bishiyoyi shima ba shi da daraja. Tushensu zai bushe kuma zai bushe ƙasa.

Zuwa ƙasa na Saperavi undemanding. Amma fi son da sauri dumama sako-sako da kasa. Waɗannan bukatun suna haɗuwa da haske loamy, loamy, kasa mai yashi loamy da chernozems. Suna ba da tushen 'ya'yan inabi tare da sauƙi ga oxygen da danshi, ba su hana Tushen shiga cikin yadudduka na ƙasa.

Saperavi fi son sako-sako da ƙasa

Bai dace da girma Saperavi ba:

• kasa mai yashi - bushewa da sauri kuma rasa kayan abinci mai gina jiki;
• lãka mai nauyi - dumama na dogon lokaci, kar a ƙyale tushen yin numfashi na yau da kullun, danshi mai dafi;
• acidic - a kan irin wannan ƙasa, inabi yana da rashin lafiya tare da chlorosis.

Bai kamata a dasa shi ba a cikin yankunan da ke da ruwa mai zurfi, tsaunukan dutse a zurfin ƙasa da 1 m zuwa farfajiya, wurare a cikin kusancin kusa da gutters ko gidajen dabbobi, da kuma ƙasan saline.

Zabi mafi kyawun wuri don dasa shukar 'ya'yan innabi - bidiyo

Kafin dasa shuki, zaɓi yankin da aka zaɓa domin tsari, share shi gaba ɗaya daga ragowar ciyayi, duwatsun, Tushen perennial. Yana da kyawawa don matakin farfajiya, cika ginin tushe.

Kafin dasa shuki inabi, shafin dole ne a shirya shi ta hanyar cire tushen ciyawar ciyawa

Saukowa rami shiri

Wannan tsari na yau da kullun, wanda aka za'ayi kafin dasa shuki mai 'ya'yan itace, yana da wasu abubuwan kamfani domin inab.

1. Ko da ƙasa ta sadu da buƙatun da aka ambata, ramin dasa gonar inabi yana da zurfi fiye da yadda aka saba - 80 - 100 cm. Fasaha daidai yake. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tushen inabõbi tasowa cikin sauri da kuma ratsa karkashin kasa quite warai - by 2 - 3 m.
2. Don inganta tsarin jiki da takin gargajiya, musamman akan kasa mai dacewa, ana gabatar da cakuda ƙasa a cikin rami na dasa shuki, ya kunshi:
   • saman Layer of m ƙasa;
   • -ananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau (bulan 2 - 3);
   • superphosphate (200 - 300 g);
   • Gishirin potassium (100-200 g);
   • nitonium nitrate (30 - 40 g).
3. Don ƙara yawan aiki danshi, yashi mai kauri, tubalin da aka murƙushe ko kuma tsakuwa ana haɗa su cakuda ƙasa. Idan ƙasa yumɓu ne, to, an shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa a ƙasan ramin.
4. Ana zuba cakuda ƙasa a cikin rami kuma ana shayar da yalwa sosai har ƙasa ta zauna kafin shuka, kayan abinci suna narkewa a ko'ina.

Sun haƙa rami na dasa shuki nunann girma ya cika shi da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki

A kudu, wani lokacin muna fama da matsala da ruwa. Da inabi, kamar yadda kuka sani - mai ƙaunar ruwan sha. Domin kada ya vata ruwa mai mahimmanci a banza, amma don tabbatar da cewa ya wadatar da tushen tsarin, masu siyar da gogaggen kayan girki suna zuwa yaudarar guda. Lokacin shirya rami mai saukarwa, an sanya wani bututu tare da diamita aƙalla 8 cm a ciki .. eterayyade tsayinsa da kanka, babban abin shine shine ya tashi sama da ƙasa da 10 - 20 cm. Ruwa yana shiga cikin tushen ta bututun kuma inabi bai sha wahala daga ƙishirwa. Ta hanyar irin wannan na'urar, za'a iya wadatar da kayan saka riguna a ciki.

A bu mai kyau shirya ramin rami a gaba. Idan dasa shine kaka - tsawon wata daya, don yanayin bazara, suna shiryawa a cikin kaka, kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.

Lokacin sauka

Ga Saperavi, wanda aka girma musamman a yankuna masu dumi, dasa damina ya fi dacewa. Haka kuma, harbarsa da kyau yayi daidai da wannan lokacin da kuma irin seedling wanda ya ɗauki tushen sauƙin overwinter. Ana aiwatar da tsarin ne da zaran daji ya sauke ganyayyaki. A wannan lokacin, zafin rana ya kamata ya zama tsakanin 15 ° C, yawan zafin jiki na dare kada ya fadi kasa da 5 ° C. Irin wannan yanayin yana tasowa a watan Oktoba.

Hakanan za'a iya dasa Saperavi a bazara. Wannan lokacin ya dace musamman don dasa inabi tare da shredded cuttings (hanyar da ke ƙarfafa samuwar Tushen, yayin da buds ke hutawa). Saukowa a gefen tekun kudu yana yiwuwa daga Afrilu 5 - 10 zuwa Mayu 1, a cikin yankuna na gaba daya an aiwatar da aikin nan da kwana 10.

Zabin Seedling

Babu shakka, wannan tsari shine tsakiya ga duk bikin saukar ƙasa. Kwai seedling lafiya zai iya nuna kyakkyawan rayuwa. Babban alamomin anan daidai suke da lokacin zabar kowane kayan shuka.

1. Shekaru. Mafi yiwuwa su ne matasa seedlings shekaru daga shekara zuwa 2.
2. Tsarin Seedling ba kasa da 40 cm.
3. Tushen tsarin yakamata ya ƙunshi manyan manyan rassan da aka rufe da ragowar dunkulewar asalinsu.
4. Gangar jikin yana da santsi, ba tare da kauri, sagging ba, lahani na inji. A hannun jari dole ne a kalla 1 itacen inabi.

Don siyan kayan dasawa, je zuwa cibiyar kwararru mafi kusa ko keɓaɓɓiyar gandun daji. Lokaci da aka kashe ana rama shi da ingantacciyar zling seedling wanda ba zai yanke buri ba. Bugu da kari, zaku iya samun kwararrun shawara.

'Ya'yan innabi: buɗe tsarin rufewa da rufewa - bidiyo

Tsarin ƙasa

Idan tushen tsarin seedling a buɗe yake, jiƙa shi cikin ruwa awanni da yawa. Wannan zai taimaka wajen wartsake tushen da kuma shirya su domin dasawa.

Za'a iya ƙara haɓakar haɓaka ta ruwa. Kyakkyawan madadin zuwa sunadarai shine zuma - 1 tbsp. l samfurin dadi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.

1. Cire wani ɓangare na ƙasa daga ramin da aka shirya don samar da baƙin ciki na 50-60 cm .. tattara ragowar ƙasa a ƙasa a cikin shimfidar zamewar.
2. Sanya ciyawar a saman tudun, jagoranci rassan tushen zuwa shimfiɗa. Yayyafa tare da kasar da aka haƙa. Tabbatar cewa babu wani voids a ƙarƙashin diddige na seedling da kewayen gindinta.
3. Ieulla da seedling da goyon baya.
4. A hankali za ku yi kwanto a kewayen seedling kuma ku zuba bokiti biyu na ruwa a kai.
5. Kashi na sama na tushe mai tushe ya kamata ya kasance a gefen ƙarshen ramin dasawa ta hanyar 8 cm santimita.

Dasa inabi a cikin bazara ta hanyar ganga - bidiyo

Abin da kulawa ake buƙata

Saperavi, kodayake baya buƙatar kulawa da kullun, amma dole ne a kiyaye ƙa'idodin mafi sauƙi don kulawa da shi.

Watering da ciyar

Babban saurayin Saperavi yana da ikon yin haƙuri ga lokutan bushewa saboda tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, wanda yake tafiya zuwa zurfin 3 zuwa 4 zuwa ƙasa Amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka, musamman a lokutan da suke da mahimmanci a gare shi:

• a lokacin bud'ewa;
• bayan fure;
• a lokacin girma berries.

A lokacin furanni, bai kamata a shayar da Saperavi ba, saboda wannan yana haifar da zubar da furanni.

Ba a shayar da Saperavi a lokacin furanni, don kada ya tsokani furen fure

Na farko watering ya kamata yalwatacce. A karkashin shuka mai 'ya'yan itace, kuna buƙatar zuba ruwa na ruwa 200 don kunna saurin girma na taro kore. Rarraba wannan adadin ruwa akan aikace-aikace da yawa don danshi yana da lokaci don sha. Ruwayar da ke biyo baya ba ta da ruwa-sosai - kawai zuba buhun ruwa 2 - 3 a ƙarƙashin daji.

Inabi suna matukar son zuba ruwa mai ɗumi. Kafin moisturizing, zaku iya barin guga na ruwa a rana ko dumi zuwa 20 ° C. Ruwan sanyi na iya haifarda cututtukan fungal.

Ana ba da lingsan morean Adam more hankali. Suna buƙatar saurin shayarwa don ci gaba mai sauri. A farkon lokacin girma, ana shayar da tsire-tsire matasa sau ɗaya a mako, suna zubo ruwa 1 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji. A hankali, ana rage yawan shayarwa zuwa lokaci 1 a wata, kuma a cikin watan Agusta sun daina shayarwa gaba ɗaya don ba da damar kurangar ta girma kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.

Ruwan inabi ta hanyar magudanar ruwa ya dace sosai

Ana ciyar da Saperavi sau da yawa yayin kakar girma. Matsakaicin takaddar aikace-aikacen takura da yawanta ya dogara da shekarun ofa .an.

Matashi mai ciyar da tsire-tsire sau biyu a kakar:

• a cikin bazara, don ƙarfafa matasa harbe, girma zuwa 15 cm a tsawon, amfani da wani bayani na nitrophoska 15 g da 10 l na ruwa;
• a watan Yuli ko a farkon watan Agusta, ana amfani da cakuda 20 g na superphosphate da 12 g na potassium sulfate da 10 l na ruwa.

Bushan itacen fruiting yana cikin buƙatar abinci mai mahimmanci, don haka yana buƙatar ciyar da shi sau uku a kowace kakar.

Manyan miya - tebur

Ciyawa ana daukar mafi kyawun taki don inabi. Zai ba kawai samar da daji tare da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, amma kuma wadata ƙasa tare da rundunar sauran abubuwan gano. Zai fi kyau amfani da kwayoyin a cikin bazara, da gabatar da 5 - 7 kg ta 1 m² don tono, ko azaman mafita:

• na manya manya - 5 - 10 l a karkashin wani daji;
• ga matasa shuka kawai 1 - 5 lita.

Madara takin zamani ne mai kyau ga Saperavi

Waɗanne hanyoyin kulawa kuke amfani da su?

1. Ya kamata a kiyaye ƙasan da ke ƙarƙashin itacen innabi, don haka yisti ya kamata a yi. Wannan kyakkyawan tsari ne da kwari.
2. Kamawa, da za'ayi a farkon bazara kuma bayan kowace moistening, yana taimaka wa saturate ƙasa tare da oxygen, wanda yake wajibi ne ga asalin sa.
3. Mulching yana kiyaye tushen tsarin kananan tsire-tsire daga zafi a yanayin zafi, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma yana hana ci gaba da ciyawa.

Bush yana yin gyaran fuska

Ana aiwatar da samuwar daji ne a farkon shekarun bayan dasa su. Ana yin wannan ba kawai don ba al'adar wani tsari ba, har ma don farkon shigarwa zuwa fruiting.

A cikin yankuna na steppe, tare da samar da talla mai tsayi, ana yarda da nauyin 50-60 akan dajin Saperavi. Ana yin datti akan 10 - 12 ido, a cikin Crimea - akan 6 - 8.

Stamping

A ƙarshen lokacin girma, seedling yana haɓaka harbe. Daga cikin waɗannan, zaɓi ɗaya, mafi ci gaba. Yana da kyawawa cewa an samo shi a ƙasa wasu. Kowa ya yanke. An yanyan zaɓi da aka zaɓa zuwa tsayin dutsen mai zuwa. A saman harbi ya kamata ya kasance 2 - 3 idanu. Kewayen daji, kafa rami tare da zurfin 20 cm kuma cire harbe da asalinsu, idan akwai.

A ƙarshen ƙarshen kakar girma mai zuwa, harbe zai yi girma daga idanun hagu, daga abin da za'a kafa rassa ko hannayen riga.

A cikin yankin na tsabtace yanayin tsinkaye, Saperavi an bada shawarar kafa shi a kan tushe mai tsayi 1.2 m.

Itace lokacin innabi na damina don masu farawa - bidiyo

Bayan samuwar daji, ana aiwatar da wadannan hanyoyin ne don inganta ingancin amfanin gona:

• a cikin balagaggun tsire-tsire, a lokacin da ake toho fure, suna aiwatar da rarrabuwa da rassan bakararre a gandun daji domin kada su jinkirta abinci mai gina jiki. An kuma cire karin harbe da ke girma daga ido daya;
• lokacin da gogewa suka fara nunawa, suna yayyafar harbe-shootsan da ke haifar da soa fruitan thean itacen domin thean kuran sun sami ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki da haɓaka mafi kyau;
• wanda ya sa ya girma ya girma kuma suka zama mai daɗin ci, suna yin rabon abinci. Idan hannayen riga sun kasance gajeru, cire inflorescences na farko-farko, akan ragowar - umarni 3-4.

Garter

Inabi suna da matukar muhimmanci ga inabi. Wannan hanya ba wai kawai ta sauƙaƙe kulawa da shuka ba. Saboda gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan itacen inabi masu ɗaure suna mafi kyawun iska da iska kuma karɓar iyakar adadin hasken rana, za'a iya guje wa cututtuka da yawa kuma ana iya samun berries mai laushi.

A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, goyon bayan tsaran itace ya isa sosai ga karamin shuka. Amma a lokacin, dole ne ka samar da ingantaccen tsari. Don ƙirƙirar trellis, zaku buƙaci tallafi (ingantaccen ingantaccen, katako ko kuma katako na katako), waya mai ƙarfi, shinge mai shinge (amma zaku iya yi ba tare da su ba) da turmi na sumunti.

1. A nesa of 3 m, tono 2 recesses akalla 50 cm zurfi.
2. A kasan, sa wani yanki na magudanar ruwa, sanya shafi sannan ka cika turbar ciminti.
3. Don sa tsarin ya zama barga, ƙarfafa ƙarshen iyakar posts tare da sanduna giciye.
4. Lokacin da bayani ya taurare, gyara layin waya, na farkon wanda aka gyara a nesa 40 cm daga ƙasa. Nisa tsakanin waɗanda suka biyo baya shine 40 - 45 cm.

Yana da matukar dacewa don kula da inabi a kan trellis

Saperavi yana da matsakaiciyar haɓaka, sabili da haka, don madaidaicin 3 - 4 waya ya isa.

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don garter - bushe da kore:

• an bushe bushewa a farkon bazara, kafin bud'ewa;
• kore garter ne da za'ayi a lokacin rani. Sukan yi amfani da shi domin kare kananan harbe daga iska mai karfi. A lokacin girma, ana fitar da garter kore sau da yawa, kamar yadda harbe suke girma.

Ta hanyar yin koran garter, ka kare matasa harbe daga iska mai karfi

Tsara don hunturu

Saperavi tana fama da sanyi a yankuna da suka dace da aikinta. Mafi yawan sassan daskararre sanyi na daji sune vines. Suna iya tsayayya da sanyi a 20 ° C. Amma tsarin tushen shine mafi ƙarancin kariya - yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa -10 ° C na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar rufe tushen yankin tun farkon yanayin sanyi tare da Layer ciyawa ko spud tare da bushe ƙasa.

Matasan itacen inabi suna buƙatar tsari. Don wannan, ana amfani da tsarin fim. Amma kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa fim ɗin baya taɓa kodan, in ba haka ba zasu iya dumama ko ƙona a cikin bazara daga rana mai haske, tunda fim ɗin zai inganta aikin haskoki. Don guje wa wannan, shigar da firam wanda aka yi da waya mai ƙarfi a saman vines, kuma ku rufe tare da fim a saman. Canarshensa za a iya gyarawa tare da duwatsun, tubalin ƙarfe na innabi, kwance shi a kan fim.

Fim tsari dogara da kare matasa bushes daga daskarewa

Mafi yawan cututtuka da kwari na Saperavi, matakan sarrafawa da rigakafin

Ba a rarrabe Saperavi ta hanyar rigakafi mai ƙarfi, saboda haka jiyya na rigakafi suna da mahimmanci musamman ga iri-iri, wanda, haɗe tare da kulawa ta dace, na iya guje wa matsaloli da yawa. Growararrun masu siye ba za su taɓa rasa farkon cutar ba ko kuma alamun farko da ke nuna kwari. Kuma farkon lambu yana buƙatar yin hankali sosai, musamman ma a cikin yanayin yanayi mara kyau, don kar a bar cututtuka da kwari su lalata amfanin gona.

Mildew

Yankunan da aka shafa a cikin ganye suna yin haske, suna zama launin rawaya da mai. A kan kananan ganyayyaki, masu karatun suna da shaci-fadi; akan tsofaffi, sun ɗan yi tazara. A farko, aibobi ƙanana ne, amma sai suka haɗa gaba ɗaya suka kama hanya. Ganyayyaki sun fado. Cutar tana shafar dukkanin gabobin shuka - harbe, antennae, inflorescences, har yanzu koreren itace. A ƙarshen ganye a ƙarƙashin aibobi, wani mycelium ya samar da siffofin farin farin powdery. Shafar inflorescences ya juya launin fari da farko, sannan juya launin ruwan kasa da bushe. Berries saya da launin shudi shudi, alagammana kuma duhu. Don giya ko abinci, ba a amfani da su. The fi na harbe shafi cutar bushe.

Mildew ana ɗauka cuta mafi haɗari, saboda spores na iya tsira daga duk yanayin yanayin zafi - zafi, fari, sanyi ko danshi mai laushi. Yawan zafin yaduwar cutar yana shafar zafin jiki na iska. A cikin yanayin dumi, tare da ma'aunin zafi da sauri a 20 - 25 ° C, cutar ta bayyana kanta a ranar 4 - 5th. Idan sanyi, alamu na iya bayyana daga baya. Babban zafi abu ne mai dacewa don ci gaban naman gwari. Babban hanyar gwagwarmaya shine ruwa Bordeaux. Ana amfani da maganin 1 ko 2% har sai an samu ɓacin rai na spores. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da Ridomil Gold, Riba ko Horus.

Yin rigakafi ita ce hanya mafi dogaro don kare tsiro daga rashin lafiya. Lokacin sayen seedling, zaɓi kawai tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Bi dokokin fasahar aikin gona:

• kar a cika kururuwa;
• tabbatar a datsa;
• tsaftacewa da ƙona ciyawar a kaka.

Alamar farko ta wacce za a iya gane mildew sune alamu na rawaya a cikin ganyayyaki

Oidium, ko mildew powdery

Cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin nau'in murfin powdery a saman ganyayyaki. Ya shimfiɗa zuwa da ƙasa na ganye, berries. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da aka shafa a farkon matakin haɓaka sau da yawa suna fasa, dakatar da girma da bushewa. Bar curl da bushe.

Halin da ya fi dacewa don haɓaka naman gwari yana haɗuwa da yanayin zafi sama (sama da 25 ° C) da kuma babban zafi (sama da 80%). Ana ɗaukar shirye-shiryen Slatur a matsayin mafi inganci don magance cutar. Ana kula da inabi tare da dakatarwar 1% na sulfur colloidal ko dakatarwar 0.5% na foda sulfur 80%. Idan yawan zafin jiki na sama ya wuce 20 ° C, ya zama dole a yi amfani da busasshiyar daji tare da tataccen ƙasa a cikin nauyin 20 - 30 kg / ha (yi amfani da kayan kariya yayin aiki). A farkon bazara, ana yayyafa inabi da 1 - 2% DNOC bayani.

Don gudanar da ingantattun hanyoyin rigakafin - thinning harbe da pruning na busassun vines, kuna buƙatar a farkon bazara.

Oidium yana shafar ganye ba kawai, har ma da berries

Grey rot

Wannan cuta tana shafar dukkanin shuka - gangar jikin, harbe, ganye. Ciwon inflorescences yana bushewa. Amma ƙarin cutar ana yi wa berries, duka cikakke da riga cikakke. An rufe goge tare da launin toka mai launin toka, berries ɗin ta zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ta lalace. Idan kun taɓa kuli mara lafiya, sai ya fara toka. Don haka ganimar naman gwari ta bazu zuwa wasu hannaye.

Cutar ta ƙonewa tana faruwa ne a yanayin zafi sama da zafi. Da farko dai, naman gwari yana shafar berries da ke da lalacewa, sannan a kama ɗaukacin bunch ɗin. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa da sauri. Lokacin shiryawa don matre spore kawai dan kadan sama da yini, gwargwadon yanayin. Don jimre wa cutar, ana bi da su tare da Topsin (10 - 15 g a kowane yanki ɗari) ko Euparen (20 - 30 g a kowane yanki ɗari).

Yin rigakafin shine farkon amincewa da ka'idodin kulawa:

• thinning pruning;
• hadi;
• lura da ƙasa tare da shirye-shiryen EM (alal misali, Baikal M1);
• cire 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka lalace ko goge.

Grey rot na iya kamuwa da kuran inabi da sauri

Phyloxera

Yana da matukar wahala a lura da karamin kwaro tare da ido tsirara. Tare da taimakon proboscis, yana shigarwa da zana ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai gina jiki. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin ganyayyaki da asalinsu. A wuraren dakuna a jikin ganye ana yin blisters. Yawancin kwari suna iya cutar da duk sassan kore na shuka. Tushen phylloxera an dauki mafi hatsari. A kan Tushen da aka shafa, kumburi da computar an kafa. Suna hana aikin daji na yau da kullun, wanda ya daina girma har ma ya mutu.

Ruwan sama ko iska mai ƙarfi da zata iya motsa kwari akan nesa nesa tana taimakawa kwaro. Yan dako zasu iya zama dabbobi har ma da mutane. A cikin yaƙar phylloxera, magunguna masu zuwa sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau:

• Karbofos;
• BI-58;
• Confidor;
• Zolon;
• Kinmix.

Don dalilan yin rigakafin, ya zama dole don yin tsayayya da kayan dasa kayan da aka samo a cikin keɓe da kuma dasa shi a babban zurfi, inda phylloxera ba zai iya rayuwa ba.

Yana kama da ganye wanda aka shafa da phylloxera

Saperavi babban giya ce mai yawa. Inabi mai lamba ɗaya a cikin giya, ana la'akari dashi saboda yawan abun ciki na canza launi, kasancewar tannin yana bawa mai martaba ɗanɗan abin sha mai ɗanɗano. Amma mutane da yawa suna lasafta wannan innabi ba wai kawai azaman fasaha iri-iri ba, saboda rijiyar da take da kyau tana da kyau.