Yadda za a sake haifar da honeysuckle: hanyoyin haifuwa, fasalin su, matsaloli da mafita

Honeysuckle wata sabuwar al'ada ce a lambunanmu. Wannan shine farkon Berry kuma farkon shine yake buɗe kakar kuma yana tseratar da mu daga raunin bitamin bazara. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu ɗorewa masu laushi suna ɗauke da bitamin C da yawa da ma'adanai masu amfani da dama. Yana da kyau idan dazuzzuka da yawa a cikin gidan yanar gizon, amma nesa da kowa ya sami nasara wajen yin abokai tare da wannan amfanin gona a karon farko. Yau za muyi magana game da yadda ake yaduwar zakin zuma daidai a lokuta daban-daban na shekara, sannan kuma muyi la’akari da fa'ida da rashin amfanin kowane ɗayan hanyoyin kiwo.

Hanyoyin yaɗa ruwan zuma

Yawancin tsire-tsire, ciki har da honeysuckle, suna haifuwa ba kawai tare da taimakon tsaba ba, har ma da ciyawar:

• rarraba daji;
• sakawa;
• yanke;
• alurar riga kafi;
• ta hanyar cloning.

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin suna da fa'idodi da fursunoni. Lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar tsaba, ba a adana nau'ikan nau'ikan iri-iri, amma a sakamakon, zaku iya samun shuka wanda ya wuce tsarin iyayenta a cikin abubuwan ta. Ana amfani da yaduwar iri da wuya a aikin gona, amma wani lokacin ba za ku iya yi ba tare da hakan ba. Honeysuckle an shuka shi a cikin waɗancan lokuta lokacin da:

• a wurin da wurin yake, yanayin yanayi mai wuya na tsayawa (tsananin sanyi, fari) da tsirrai daga waje basa ɗauka;
• babu yiwuwar yin jigilar cikakkiyar nau'in tsiro;
• Ina son yin gwaji da haɓaka iri dana.

Tebur: fa'idodi da rashin amfani da hanyoyin kiwo daban-daban

Kayan lambu na yaduwar ƙwayar zuma

Don adana alamun mahaifiyar shuka, ana sake shuka amfanin gona na Berry a cikin kayan lambu. A A cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, honeysuckle galibi ana yadu dashi ta hanyar farashi da yan itace.

Yadda za a zabi shuka na mahaifa

A kowane hali, kuna buƙatar fara zaɓar daji igiyar ciki. Kuna buƙatar tuna cewa karamin shuka zai yi kama da uwa a cikin 98 daga cikin 100. Sabili da haka, idan kun yanke shawarar haɓaka seedling kanku, da farko ku kalli mahaifan gaba a lokacin kakar. Yana da kyawawa cewa ya cika waɗannan buƙatun:

1. Dole ne daji ya zama m, ba tare da rassan drooping kuma babu alamun alamun cutar.
2. A berries ne m, manyan, ya kamata ba crumble a cikin wani yanayin da ba a keɓaɓɓu da alagammana lokacin da girbe.
3. Benefitsarin fa'idodi - bushewar rabuwa da fruitsya fruitsyan itace lokaci guda.

The berries a cikin igiyar ciki daji ya kamata girma da zaki

Yadda ake yin layering daga cikin igiyar ciki na honeysuckle

Idan kuna buƙatar ƙirar matasa guda ɗaya, ci gaba kamar haka:

1. A ƙarshen kaka, a lokacin faɗuwar ganye, ƙananan rassa na daji igiyar ciki suna shimfida shimfiɗa mai kyau a ƙasa kuma an daidaita su da asirin gashi ko slingshots na katako. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa reshe bai fashe ko karyewa ba.
   

   An tsayar da ƙamshin ruwan zuma tare da ashin gashi kuma yafa masa ƙasa, saman yana daɗaɗawa kaɗan
2. Za a iya rufe harbe nan da nan tare da ƙasa, kuma an ɗaga saman kai dan kadan. A cikin kakar wasa mai zuwa, Tushen ya samo asali akan reshe ƙasa mai rufe.
3. A cikin bazara ko a cikin bazara bayan dasa, sabon shuka ya rabu da keɓaɓɓun daga uwar giya, an haƙa su da dunƙule ƙasa kuma a hankali dasawa zuwa sabon wuri.

Idan kuna shirin samun tsirrai 10-20 daga dajin uba ɗaya, to sai ku riƙa rage daban daban:

1. Suna pin da yawa rassan, ba su fada nan da nan tare da ƙasa, bar su a wannan matsayin har zuwa farko na kwanaki dumi. A cikin bazara, daga sababbin rassa na kwance, sababbin harbe suna girma a tsaye.
   

   Don samun seedlingsan seedlings da yawa, an harbe ɗan itacen zuma a ƙasa kuma a haɗa shi a wurare da yawa

2. A hankali, a cikin allurai 3-4, an yayyafa rassan rassan tare da ƙasa, tabbatar da cewa ganyen apical na harbe matasa koyaushe suna kan farfajiya. A sakamakon haka, ta tsakiyar bazara, tsaunin tudu tare da reshe na kwance ya kamata ya kai 15 cm a tsayi.
3. Lokaci-lokaci, ana shayar da daji a hankali, tunda Tushen a ke farawa ana kafa su ne kawai a cikin yanayin gumi.
4. A cikin kaka, an haɓaka reshe, an raba shi da mahaifiyar giya kuma a yanka zuwa sassa - gwargwadon yawan adadin da aka samu a seedlings. Tushen gutsuttsuran itace ana iya shuka su nan da nan a wani wuri na dindindin ko girma.

Lokacin yadawa ta hanyar yin farashi, ana samun tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi tare da tsarin tushen ingantattu. Irin waɗannan seedlings basu da lafiya yayin dasawa kuma suna iya ba da cikakken amfanin gona a shekara mai zuwa.

Suanyan zuma da aka samo daga farashi suna da tushe mai tushe

Tushen Honeysuckle suna da matukar damuwa ga Sp. Wannan yakamata ayi la'akari dashi lokacin tono da safarar ruwa.

Siffofin gishirin itace

Yankan itace hanya mai yaduwa wanda a cikin sassan tsiro ke samo tushe daban da mashaya uwa. Akwai nau'ikan iri biyu:

• Lignified - an yanke su a farkon bazara daga bara fiye da harbe. Yana da mahimmanci kodan yayi dan kadan, amma basu da lokacin juya.
• Green, wanda aka yanke a farkon lokacin bazara.

Za'a iya girma 'ya'yan itace Honeysuckle daga tsiron lignified da aka yanka a farkon bazara, kafin a buɗe ayoyin.

Honeysuckle yafi dacewa ta yadu ta hanyar dasa kore. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tana buƙatar aiwatar da duk matakan aiki.

Yaduwa da kore kore

An yanke harbe kore a farkon lokacin bazara, kai tsaye bayan girbi. Don grafting, zaɓi tsayi, rassa masu ƙarfi - suna da ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki. Lokacin girma a cikin manyan kundin, dole ne a sanya masu yayyafin da aka watsa a cikin greenhouse. Shelaramin mafaka na iya kula da microclimate da danshi da suke so.

Matakan girma seedlings:

1. An yanke harbe-harbe kuma nan da nan aka sanya shi cikin zane mai bushe ko fim, wanda aka fesa lokaci-lokaci daga bindiga da aka fesa. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a hana sarin ganye.
2. A cikin daki ko karkashin alfarwa, an yanke harbe-harbe cikin yankan ciki 3-4. An yanke sare a koda, ana juyawa daga 0.3-0.5 cm a saman koda, kuma an yanke dunƙule gaba ɗaya daga ƙasa.
3. A sakamakon yanki, duk ganye, sai dai babban biyun, an cire su. Yi wannan a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada ku lalata fata akan kodan - wannan ya rage yawan tsira. Zai fi kyau a datsa ganye tare da almakashi, barin karamin yanki na petiole. A yayin aiki, ana fitar da ganye na zuma a koyaushe da ruwa, an rufe su da fim daga iska da rana.
   

   An yanke furannin Honeysuckle a cikin yankan tare da ƙarancin shiga ciki guda 3-4, yana barin kawai manyan ganye guda biyu akan su
4. Sakamakon cutukan da aka cakuda an sanya su a ruwa wanda ganye kawai suke a farfajiya. Sanya su a cikin wuri mai sanyi, inuwa don sa'o'i 12-20. Lokaci-lokaci, ana feshe ganyen. Ya kamata a yanke yankan daidai da ruwa kafin dasa.
5. Ana dasa shuki kore a cikin lokacin sanyi - a sanyin safiya, yamma ko lokacin ruwan sama. An shirya ƙasa gaba, dole ne ta zama ta kwance a lokaci guda kuma riƙe ruwa da kyau. Yawancin lokaci kai peat deoxidized tare da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1. 1 cm na yashi mai tsabta an aza shi a farfajiya. Wannan dabarar tana taimakawa hana fata. Har ila yau, an sanya arcs don fim ɗin.
6. Yanke sun makale a cikin ƙasa a nesa na 5-7 cm daga juna. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali, kamar yadda karyewar ko tsire-tsire masu karye ba su ɗauka tushe. A saman akwai rawanin 3-4 cm tare da ganye. A lokacin aiki, ana cinye ciyawar a koda yaushe. Isasa ta zubar da ruwa da kyau.
   

   Ganyen honeysuckle kore suna makale a cikin ƙasa nesa da 5-7 cm daga juna

7. Bayan dasawa a cikin ƙasa, an rufe ganyen kore tare da fim. Zai fi kyau amfani da fararen kayan translucent don wannan dalili, kuma ana iya ɗaukar fim ɗin al'ada tare da agrofibre light.
8. An rufe yankan a hankali. Idan babu ingantaccen ruwa, to ana shayar da greenhouse sau ɗaya a rana, da safe, saboda danshi ya shuɗe a cikin rana kuma ya zauna a cikin ganyayyaki.
   

   An rufe yankan tare da fim ko wasu kayan m don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don tsirrai

Yanke yankan tushe cikin makonni 3-4. Bayan haka, sun fara ɗaukar kansu a hankali ga yanayin muhalli, buɗe ɓarnar a cikin sanyi na yau. A cikin kaka, a lokacin faɗuwar ganye, ana shuka tsire-tsire matasa a cikin ƙasa talakawa don girma.

A ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, Tushen akan itacen ƙamshi na ganye a cikin makonni 3-4

Bidiyo: Yanyan itacen Honeysuckle a shafin nasu

Canjin kore zai iya zama tushe ba kawai a cikin kore ba, har ma a cikin filastik filastik a yanka a cikin rabin (ba a sanya cuttings sama da 3-4 a cikin ɗaya ba). Irin wannan karamin-cuticle ba za'a iya shayar dashi ba, ya isa sau 1 kawai don sanya ƙasa sosai.

Yankakken Honeysuckle ta hanyar tsaba

Honeysuckle wata shuka ce da aka saba da yanayin sanyi. Abubuwanta suna girma ne kawai bayan shafe tsawon lokaci zuwa yanayin zafi (matsakaici).

Gudanar da tsarin kamar haka:

1. A cikin karamin akwati (10-15 cm zurfi) yi ramuka magudanar ruwa. Zai iya zama kwandon filastik, tukunyar filawa ko tsoffin kayan adonsu.
2. Tank ɗin ya cika da rabi tare da cakuda yashi, peat da gandun daji daidai gwargwado. A kasar gona dole ne duka sako-sako da da ruwa.
   

   Kwantena da aka shirya don ɗaukar ƙwayar honeysuckle rabin suna cike da ƙasa

3. An ɗora bishiyar ɓawon itace a ƙasa, an rufe shi da ƙasa game da 0.5-1 cm kuma a shayar a hankali. Abubuwan ƙanana suna da ƙananan, don haka zuriyar seeding na iya shafar yawan ƙwayar.
4. Sannan an rufe akwati, a binne ta a gonar, a kewaye ta dabbobi kuma a hagu har zuwa lokacin bazara.
   

   Ana yayyafa kwandon ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da ƙasa, dusar ƙanƙara kuma an bar ta a gonar har zuwa lokacin bazara

Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauƙin daidaitawa. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, an ɗauki kwano iri zuwa ɗakin kuma ana kula da ƙwayar. A cikin lokaci na farkon ganye na ainihi, an dasa sprouts a cikin akwatin seedling (bisa ga tsarin 5 by 5 cm) ko a cikin kwantena daban. Na gaba - kula da talakawa seedlings.

Idan kun sami nasarar samo berries a tsakiyar hunturu, to, za a iya yin ɓarna a wata hanya:

1. Kasa na peat ƙasa, wanda aka sayar a cibiyoyin lambun, an zubar da shi tare da daskararren ƙwayar potassium kuma an ba shi izinin sanyaya.
2. An tattara ƙasa a cikin kwandon filastik tare da murfi, to, an girbe berries kuma an yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ƙasa (har zuwa 1 cm). Daɗaɗɗe, ruwa kadan kuma saka a cikin firiji, inda galibi ake adana kayan lambu (zazzabi + 5 ... +8^{game da}C)
   

   Domin tsaba na honeysuckle su samu nasarar wucewar stratification, an sanya akwati a cikin firiji, a cikin dakin ajiye kayan lambu

3. Lokaci-lokaci, ganga yana iska, an cire m, an ƙara ruwa kadan kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Bayan kimanin watanni 1-1.5, tsire-tsire na iya bayyana. Sa'an nan kuma cire kwandon, matasa tsire-tsire suna nutse cikin tukwane a cikin farkon ganyen farko. Idan baku da ɗan lokaci, seedlingsan itacen zai iya shimfidawa sosai kuma ya mutu daga matsanancin fari. A lokacin rani, ana iya fitar da tsire-tsire cikin iska, kamar yadda ƙoshin zuma na cikin gida ke girma da ƙarfi.

Ofangare na tsaba retains germination a duka daskararre da bushe 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Za a iya amfani da furannin Honeysuckle a kanjoji don shuka.

Kulawar seedling

Lokacin da dasa shukicksu matasa a cikin wani wuri na dindindin, ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan tsire-tsire kwanan nan ya shiga al'adun. Saboda haka, babban aikin mai kula da lambun shi ne ƙirƙirar yanayi kusa da mazaunin ruwan zuma. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi ɗan inuwa kaɗan inda rana take bayyana kamar rabin rana. An ba da shawarar shuka tsire-tsire daga hanyoyi da kuma wuraren gama gari.

Honeysuckle yana da matukar wuya a yi haƙuri da dasa shi kuma duk wata lalacewar tushen sa. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a shirya ramin a gaba, kuma canja wurin seedling zuwa wani sabon wuri riga a lokacin ɓataccen lokacin (bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi kuma kafin a fara farkawa). Bayan dasa, ana shayar da shuka sosai kuma nan da nan daftarin muzzle an mulched tare da ciyawa mowed. Lokaci-lokaci sabunta ciyawa. Ciyawar da ba a so da tarko, toshewa da tono aƙalla a cikin shekaru biyar na farko, har zuwa lokacin da daji ya girma daidai. Hakanan ba a aiwatar da girki har zuwa shekaru hudu. Sa'an nan zaka iya daidaita tsawo na daji, fitar da kambi na bakin ciki ka cire rassan tsohuwar da bushe.

Honeysuckle tsire-tsire ne mai ban sha'awa da amfani wanda baya buƙatar kulawa da hankali, pruning da hadaddun takin. Wataƙila yana jan hankalin masu goyon bayan aikin gona. Mabiya na hadisai dole ne su yi amfani da gaskiyar cewa honeysuckle ba ya yi haƙuri a ƙasa ƙasa. Yi la'akari da tsire-tsire, kada a watsar da shi, sannan kuma a maƙarƙƙarfan taɓawa zaku iya rarrabe kawai kyakkyawa gandun daji.