Tumatir Katya an san shi ba da daɗewa ba, amma ya riga ya sami daraja a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin ire-iren irin salatin. Yana farfadowa kafin yawancin sauran tumatir, yana ba da ƙarancin amfanin gona na kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau na ɗanɗano mai kyau, ya girma a cikin ƙaramin daji, ba a sani ba cikin barin. Wadanda suka gwada wannan nau'in a cikin lambun su sun yarda cewa ana iya ba da shawarar kowa ga kowa, har ma da yawancin mazaunin bazara mafi yawanci.
Bayanin tumatir iri-iri Katya
Tumatir Katya F1 ita ce gawurtaccen ƙarni na farko, wanda zai iya ba da kai tsaye ya ba da tabbaci ga halayen masu siyayyarsa: cibiyoyin kimiyya da yawa suna tsunduma cikin zaɓin kayan lambu, kuma ba a baje kolin girkin, ba a matsayin doka, ba "saki mai yawa". An gabatar da matasan a farkon karni na XXI kuma an haɗa su a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha a 2007, bayan haka da sauri ya sami farin jini.
Katya tumatir iri-iri Katya ya bayyana a cikin Rajista na ofungiyar Tarayyar Rasha a 2007
Yankin da yanayin girma
Bisa hukuma, an ba da shawarar tumatir Katya don buɗe ƙasa a cikin yankin arewacin Caucasus. Koyaya, an girma a cikin yawancin Rasha. Wasu yan lambu suna dasa shi a cikin gidajen kora ko katako, wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka labarin ƙasa na rarraba nau'ikan iri kusan zuwa arewa.
Bidiyo: Katya tumatir a cikin kore
Halayen Shuka
Tumatir Katya F1 ingantaccen tumatir ne, watau, tsirowar tsiro yana iyakance ta hanyar ƙirƙirar fure. Koyaya, daji, kodayake yana girma zuwa tsayi na 60-80 cm kawai, ba misali bane, wanda ke haifar da wasu damuwa ga mai lambu: ɗaure mai tushe, ko ma goge 'ya'yan itace na wajibi ne, in ba haka ba amfanin gonar zai kwanta a ƙasa. Ganyayyaki akan bushes ɗin launi ne na talakawa, matsakaici, adadinsu ƙanƙane ne, wanda ke ba da damar yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da hasken rana.
A matasan ne sosai resistant zuwa kusan dukkanin sanannun cututtuka na tumatir. Lokacin da phytophthora ya bayyana a kan gadaje, Katya duk amfanin gona an riga an girbe shi. Maimaitawar cuta, mosaic, kumburin kafa da sauran cututtukan da suke tattare da rauni a cikin baccin dare ba mummunan abu bane a gare shi. A sakamakon haka, ana iya sayan girbin wannan tumatir lafiya a kasuwa: wataƙila, maigidan bai sarrafa tsire-tsire ba tare da wasu shirye-shiryen sunadarai ba. Kari akan haka, damfara mai tsananin jurewa fari ne; baya tsoron sabanin hadari - ruwan sama mai karfi.
Fruiting yana faruwa sosai da wuri: an fara girbe tumatir da ya rigaya zuwa kwanaki 80-85 bayan fitowar. Tumatir kusan zagaye, dan kadan flattened, m, kusan ba crack. An tattara su cikin goge daga kwafin 6-8, na farkon wanda aka kirkira bayan ganye na 5 ko 6. A cikin yanayin girma, launin 'ya'yan itacen yana da haske ja ko ja, mai nau'ikan nau'ikan tumatir na gargajiya. 'Ya'yan itacen da ke nauyin 80-100 g (matsakaicin 130 g) yana da dabbar dattin danshi, ya ƙunshi filayen ƙwaya 3-4, ana nuna shi da kyakkyawan dandano da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Tumatir na Katya sun kusan zagaye, ko da, m
Alkawarin 'ya'yan itatuwa, yawan aiki
Mafi yawan amfanin gonar tumatir Katya na tsiro a lokaci guda. Wasu lambu sunyi la'akari da wannan a matsayin koma-baya, yayin da yawancin suka yi imani cewa ya dace da tumatir ta wannan hanyar. Yawan aiki don farkon iri yana da matukar girma: ya kai kilogi 10 / m2, kuma a cikin gidajen katako na iya zama sau 1.5 mafi girma.
A matasan nasa ne iri da salatin. Tabbas, a farkon lokacin bazara, mutane kima ne suke tunani game da girbi don hunturu. Koyaya, a cikin girman, waɗannan tumatir suna da kyau don cikakken canning.
Kyakkyawan gabatarwar 'ya'yan itacen, farkon fitar, babu fashewa, tsawon rayuwar shiryayye da kuma yawan safarar amfanin gona yana sa gasa da yawa cikin kasuwa, don haka Katya yana girmama manoma waɗanda ke girma tumatir don dalilai na kasuwanci.
Don haɓaka aminci yayin sufuri, an cire tumatir daga daji a cikin ɗan ɗan lokaci, bayan 'yan kwanaki sai suka “isa” yanayin da ake so.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da nakasa, fasali
Yawancin hybrids tumatir, waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, suna da muhimmanci sosai ta zarce tsofaffin nau'ikan cikin kayan masarufi. Wannan ya shafi cikakkiyar tumatir Katya, wacce ke da fa'ida da yawa da ba za a iya tantancewa ba:
- ripening sosai da wuri;
- babba, musamman ma farkon tumatir, yawan aiki;
- babban dandano na tumatir cikakke;
- babban kasuwancin amfanin gona, rashin fashewa;
- tsawon rayuwar shiryayye da kyakkyawar sufuri;
- m ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- unpretentiousness ga girma yanayi;
- ƙananan ciyayi, ba da damar yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa su zama da hasken rana;
- mai kyau cuta juriya;
- jure yanayin matsanancin yanayi: duka zafin jiki da zafi;
- amfani da amfanin gona.
Bambanci daga wasu nau'ikan
Akwai tumatir da yawa na farko na wannan manufa mai kama da launi iri ɗaya da launi, amma kowane ɗayan nau'ikan ya zama dole ya sami ɗan raunin da ya sanya shi ƙasa da Katya. Misali, nau'in nau'in Liang ya tsiro makonni biyu baya, dwarf na Mongolian a bayyane yake da dandano. Kayan da Yablonka na Rasha ko Siberian precocious yakai rabin ƙananan. Classic White cika ba mai tsayayya da cututtuka bane, kuma Betta bashi da irin wannan babban safarar su.
Kamar yadda rashin lura ya bayyana:
- ƙanshi na mai tushe, haifar da buƙatar tying;
- hadarin halin yanzu.
Phomosis cuta ce mai tsananin daɗi, amma tare da fasaha mai kyau na gona ba zai bayyana ba
Ba shi da wahala a hana phomosis, domin wannan ya wajaba don fesa bushes tare da chloride jan karfe. Tare da ingantacciyar fasahar aikin gona (matsakaici a ban ruwa da riguna miya, kwance ƙasa, iskar gas, da sauransu), da rashin yiwuwar cututtukan ke ƙasa..
Siffofin girma tumatir Katya
Shuka tumatir Katya ba shi da rikitarwa fiye da sauran nau'ikan, kuma yana buƙatar ƙarancin sani da gwaninta.
Saukowa
Amma ga dukkan nau'ikan halittar farko na (F1), ba za a iya ɗaukar tsaba daga 'ya'yan itacen girbin da ya gabata ba, dole ne a sayi su. Idan kuna shirin shuka tumatir Katya a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, bai kamata ku rush don shuka tsaba don shuka ba: bayan haka, dasa shi a gonar yana yiwuwa ne kawai bayan barazanar sanyi ta koma baya.
A wannan shekara na hau kan rake mara dadi. A karo na farko da wannan ya faru shekaru 10 da suka gabata, lokacin da a ranar 10 ga Yuni dusar ƙanƙara ta kashe dukkan seedlingsan itacen da aka dasa a gonar a yawancin yankin ƙasar Rasha. A wannan shekara, wannan ya faru ne a ranar 12 ga Yuni, kuma duk da cewa dusar ƙanƙara ta yi rauni sosai kuma yawancin nau'ikan sanyi masu iya jurewa, lalata ta kasance mai yawa. Katya ba ta cikin nau'in-sanyi mai sanyi, don haka ba shi da daraja a gwada tare da farkon dasa ƙwayoyinta a cikin ƙasa.
Bisa manufa, zaku iya shuka tsaba na tumatir Katya kuma nan da nan a cikin lambu, a ƙarƙashin fim. Idan kayi haka a tsakiyar layi a farkon watan Mayu kuma ku kiyaye tsirrai a karo na farko a karkashin spanbond, to a cikin wata daya zaku iya cire tsari, kuma a rabi na biyu na bazara zaku iya kasancewa cikin tumatir. Amma fa'idodin farkon riarfafawa za a rage su: manufar iri irin su Katya ita ce farantawa manoma kayan lambu tare da kayan bitamin tuni a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma a kudu na ƙasar har ma a ƙarshen Mayu. Saboda haka, iri-iri Katya kusan koyaushe ke girma ta hanyar seedlings.
Maimakon gandun daji na gida, zaku iya shirya karamin gado a gonar, inda za'a shuka iri don shuki
Don tantance lokacin shuka iri na tumatir Katya, ya kamata a tuna cewa bayan watanni 2 ana buƙatar dasa shuki a gonar, kuma bayan wata daya zai yuwu a girbe. Kuma a sa'an nan shi duka ya dogara da sauyin yanayi. A cikin yankin arewacin Caucasus wanda jihar ta ba da shawarar, za ku iya amince fara shuka a cikin kwalaye a ƙarshen Fabrairu, tunda ana iya dasa shuki kafin hutun ranar Mayu. Amma a tsakiyar layin, idan ba ku yi amfani da gidajen katako da mafaka ba ko ɗaya, dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa yana da haɗari kafin farkon bazara, saboda haka zaku iya shuka a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris, to tumatir ɗin za su yi girma a ƙarshen Yuni.
Shuka seedlings ya hada da matakai masu zuwa:
- Tsarin iri (ana kiyaye shi, soaking, hardening; ana iya barin ƙwayar shagon abin dogara).
Wasu lokuta tsaba suna girma, amma kada a jira bayyanar doguwar, tushen rago
- Shirye-shiryen ƙasa (zaka iya siyan ta a cikin shagon musamman).
Lokacin sayen ƙasa, yana da kyau a zaɓi wanda aka ƙaddara don tumatir
- Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙaramin akwati, tare da kauri ƙasa na 5 cm, a nesa na 2-3 cm daga juna.
Duk wani ƙaramin akwati ya dace da dasa shuki.
- Kula da yawan zafin jiki: na farko a kusa da 25game daC, lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana (na tsawon kwanaki 4-5) - ba su wuce 18 bagame daC, sannan kuma - 20-24game daC. Haske ya isa.
Don seedlings sami isasshen haske, mafi yawa ana sanya shi a kan windowsill
- Dive seedlings a 9-12 zamanin da haihuwa, zai fi dacewa a cikin kofuna waɗanda mutum.
Lokacin ɗaukar hoto, ana binne seedlings zuwa ganye cotyledon
- Rare da matsakaici watering, 1-2 saman miya tare da hadaddun ma'adinai ma'adinai.
- Wuya: yana farawa mako guda kafin a buƙaci dasa shuki a cikin lambu, wanda a kowane lokaci ana kwashe seedlings zuwa ga baranda.
Tumatir na tumatir Katya bai taɓa yin tsayi ba: 15-20 cm shine girman al'ada. Wannan ya dace: yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan akan windowsill. Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mara waya mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan akwai ƙarfin zuciya cewa sanyi ba zai dawo ba. In ba haka ba, aikin ba da shirin fim na ɗan lokaci ya zama tilas.
An shirya gado a yankin da ke rana, gabatar da kashi na takin zamani. Mafi kyawun makirci don dasa shuki shine 50 x 50 cm ko 70 x 30 cm, wanda yafi dacewa ga mai shi, amma ba denser ba. Addedarin ƙarin takin (0.5 tbsp. Ash da 1 tsp. Nitrophoska) an ƙara zuwa kowace rijiya. Bayan dasa, 'ya'yan itacen suna shayar da kyau, ciyawa ƙasa kuma, idan yanayin ya fito sarari, inuwa don kwanaki da yawa daga rana.
Yana da kyau a fitar da kai a kai kwatankwacin (har zuwa rabin mitsi) tukuna: nan da nan za su ƙulla makala mai tushe a kansu. Koyaya, lokacin girma wannan tumatir a matsayin tallafi, zaka iya amfani da shinge mai wuya, da duk wasu hanyoyin ingantawa, kuma kwanannan ana amfani da mafi ƙarancin filashin filastik.
Kulawa
Tumatir ba a narke, amma a farkon rabin bushes a gonar, suna buƙatar a shayar da su mako-mako, kuma a cikin yanayi mai zafi sosai sau da yawa. Ruwa ya zama mai dumi (aƙalla 20game daC), sabili da haka, yawanci ana shayar da yamma, lokacin da rana ta cika tankuna da kyau.
Motsa jiki na amsawa da gaskiya ga karamin dutse. Kafin wannan, yana da amfani don watsa ash itace tsakanin tsire-tsire tare da mai bakin ciki. Makonni 2 bayan dasawa da seedlings, da tumatir an ciyar da tare da hadaddun taki, ko mafi kyau, tare da jiko mullein (0.5 kilogiram na taki a cikin guga na ruwa, zuba jiko a karkashin bushes 10 a rana). A lokacin ciyarwa ta biyu (a lokacin taro mai yawa), ya kamata a ninka yawan mullein; a cikin ƙari, yana da kyau a ƙara 15-20 g na superphosphate a guga. Bayan wasu makonni 2-3, ana ciyar da su ba tare da nitrogen ba: kawai tare da jiko na ash ko takin-foda-potassium.
Kwanan nan, an ƙara ƙaramin adadin ƙwayoyin nitrogen zuwa superphosphate, amma tsarkakakken superphosphate na tumatir ba shi da muni
Tumbin tumatir an ɗaure lokacin da ya bayyana sarai cewa ba tare da taimakon waje ba su da ƙarfin gwiwa sosai. Ana aiwatar da ting tare da igiya mai laushi a cikin hanyar "takwas". Tare da samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa, lokacin da hannaye suka yi nauyi, zai zama da amfani a ɗaure su da kyau.
Wasu lambu ba su kafa wannan tumatir ba, kodayake, saitin daidai na daji yana ƙara ƙimar ingancin 'ya'yan itacen da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ko da tare da karancin lokaci, yana da daraja a rushe ƙananan matakai da ganyayyaki masu rawaya, kuma idan "bisa ga ka'idoji", to ya kamata ku kafa daji biyu ko uku mai tushe ta amfani da stepan uwan mamaci, kuma ku cire sauran a mako.
Bidiyo: bushes na tumatir na tantancewa
Ana iya girbi girbi kamar yadda 'ya'yan itaciyar suka cika cikakke, ko kaɗan a baya: tumatir masu launin ruwan kasa da kyau a lokacin ajiya. Jin zafi fiye da ɗaya ba ya barazanar wannan tumatir, saboda haka jinkirta wasu a cikin girbi ba mai mutuwa ba ne.
Bayan wucewa babban motsi na 'ya'yan itaciya, Katya ya ci gaba da ba da' ya'ya, amma tumatir masu zuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna karami, kuma adadinsu yana da ƙarami.
Sake Gani
Iri-iri na da kyau kwarai da gaske. Na kasance na dasa shi tsawon shekaru 8. Kowace shekara tare da kyakkyawan girbi, komai yanayin.
Tanya 04
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A wannan shekara ... Na dasa tumatir na Katya iri-iri, na so shi sosai. Street, low, 'ya'yan itace da mai dadi kuma dandano yana da kyau, tumatir. A shekara mai zuwa zan dasa su.
Verochka
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Ina dasa Katya daga Semko shekara ta huɗu. Abin mamaki tumatir! Sihirin wand Rashin daidaituwa, ba mara lafiya, mai matukar tasiri. Tumatir duk iri daya ne, babu kwarkwata, babu kafada, da dai sauransu Anan a gidan kore shi kadai ne wanda bai sauke furanni a wuta ba, ya daure komai. Na yi tunani babu tabbas game da girbin tumatir, amma tabbas Katya ba zai ba ku damar sauka ba.
Irusya
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Stepson dole kuma koyaushe. Katya wani tsari ne mai kyan gani. Na bar daga goge 4 zuwa 6 akan daji. Ya dogara da yanayin. A tsakiyar watan Agusta, saman (Na cire fi) na dukkanin bushes. Kuma na cire jan tumatir domin sauran su sami nauyi.
Lyudmila 62
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Tumatir Katya na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan nau'ikan matsanancin-bishiyoyi, amma super-farkon ripening kusan ba ya shafar ɗanɗano 'ya'yan itacen. Yawancin masana suna ƙimanta shi da kyau sosai. Gabatarwa mai ban sha'awa da kuma saukin sauƙaƙewa suna ba da damar matasan su kasance cikin buƙata a tsakanin ƙwararrun manoma da makiyaya mai son.
