Ƙasa gona

Nisrogen takin mai magani: amfani a kan mãkirci

Nisrogen takin mai magani ne abubuwa marasa tsari da kwayoyin dake dauke da nitrogen kuma ana amfani da su a kasar gona don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa. Nitrogen shine ainihin ma'anar rayuwa ta shuka, yana rinjayar ci gaban da cinye amfanin gona, yana maida su da amfani da kayan aikin gina jiki.

Wannan abu ne mai karfi wanda zai iya tabbatar da yanayin lafiyar jiki na ƙasa, kuma ya samar da kishiyar hakan - lokacin da yake da basira da amfani. Nisrogen fertilizers bambanta a cikin yawan nitrogen dauke da su kuma an classified zuwa biyar kungiyoyi. Hada rarraba takin mai magani yana nuna cewa nitrogen zai iya ɗaukar siffofin sinadarai daban-daban a cikin takin mai magani daban-daban.

Matsayin nitrogen don ci gaban shuka

Babban magunguna na nitrogen sun ƙunshi cikin ƙasa (humus) kuma suna kimanin kashi 5%, dangane da takamaiman yanayi da wurare masu zafi. Ƙarin humus a cikin ƙasa, mai daɗi da kuma karin gina jiki shi ne. Mafi talauci a cikin abun ciki na nitrogen shine yashi mai yashi da yashi.

Duk da haka, ko da ƙasa tana da kyau sosai, kawai kashi 1 cikin dari na yawan nitrogen da ke ciki zai kasance don abinci mai gina jiki, tun lokacin da bazuwar humus tare da saki salts ma'adinai na faruwa a hankali. Saboda haka, takin mai magani yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da amfanin gona, muhimmancin su ba za a iya daukar su ba, saboda girman amfanin gona mai girma da ba tare da amfani ba zasu kasance matsala.

Nitrogen wani muhimmin sashi ne na gina jiki, wanda, a biyunsa, ke da hannu wajen kafa cytoplasm da kuma tsakiya na kwayoyin tsire-tsire, chlorophyll, mafi yawan bitamin da kuma enzymes wadanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tafiyar da ci gaba da ci gaba. Sabili da haka, cin abinci mai gina jiki na daidaita yawan ƙwayar gina jiki da kuma abubuwan da ke da kayan abinci mai mahimmanci a cikin tsire-tsire, ƙãra yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganta yanayinta. Nitrogen a matsayin taki amfani da:

  • haɓaka ci gaban shuka;
  • Saturation da kuma amino acid;
  • ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin shuka, rage cuticle da harsashi;
  • haɓaka hanyoyin samar da sinadirai mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa;
  • kunnawa na ƙasa microflora;
  • hakar kwayoyin cutarwa;
  • karuwa yawan amfanin ƙasa

Yadda za a ƙayyade rashi na nitrogen a cikin tsire-tsire

Yawan nitrogen taki da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara ne akan abun da ke ciki na kasar gona wanda aka shuka shi. Abincin nitrogen da bai dace ba a cikin ƙasa ya shafi rinjayen amfanin gona. Rashin nitrogen a cikin tsire-tsire za a iya ƙaddara ta bayyanar su: ganye suna raguwa, rasa launi ko juya launin rawaya, mutu da sauri, girma da ci gaban raguwa, kuma matasa harbe ya daina girma.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin yanayin rashin rashin abinci na nitrogen wanda aka lalata,' ya'yan itatuwa sun zama marasa ƙarfi kuma sunyi rauni. A cikin itatuwan dutse, rashi na nitrogen yana sa jawowar haushi. Har ila yau, ƙwayar magungunan acidic da matsananciyar sodding (dasa shuki na ciyawa) na yankin a karkashin bishiyoyi na iya haifar da yunwa da yunwa.

Alamun wuce gona da iri na nitrogen

Rashin iska mai yawa, da kuma rashi, zai iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga tsire-tsire. Lokacin da akwai wani wuce haddi na nitrogen, ganye suka zama duhu kore a launi, girma ba tare da wani abu ba, ya zama m. A daidai wannan lokacin, ana jinkirta flowering da ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire. Raguwar nitrogen don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire irin su aloe, cactus, da dai sauransu, sun ƙare a mutuwa ko mummunan lalacewa, tun lokacin da fata zai iya fashe.

Daban nitrogen da takin mai magani da hanyoyin da suke amfani dashi

Ana amfani da takin mai Nitrogen daga ammonia mai roba, kuma, dangane da jihar, an raba su kungiyoyi biyar:

  1. Nitrate: alli da sodium nitrate;
  2. Ammonium: ammonium chloride da ammonium sulfate.
  3. Ammonium nitrate ko ammonium nitrate - ƙungiyar mai rikitarwa wadda ta haɗa ammonium da nitrate da takin mai magani, alal misali, kamar ammonium nitrate;
  4. Amide: urea
  5. Liquid ammonia da takin mai magani, irin su anhydrous ammoniya da ammoniya ruwa.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Production - abin da ya fi mayar da hankali ga masana'antun noma a kasashe da dama na duniya. Wannan ba saboda karfin da ake bukata ba ne kawai don wadannan ma'adinai na ma'adinai, amma har ma da farashin zumunta da kuma samfurin samfurin.

Babu takin mai magani mai mahimmanci shine potash potassium, potassium humate da phosphate: superphosphate.

Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate - tasiri taki a cikin nau'i na gashi mai haske, dauke da kimanin 35% nitrogen. An yi amfani dashi azaman babban aikace-aikacen da kuma kayan ado. Ammonium nitrate yana da tasiri sosai a wurare masu tsabta wanda ba a talauci inda akwai babban taro na maganin ƙasa. A kan ƙananan ƙasa, ƙwayar ba ta da tasiri saboda an shafe ta da ruwan sama tare da hazo.

Sakamakon ammonium nitrate a kan tsire-tsire shine karfafa ƙarfin da ci gaban katako, kuma yana haifar da karuwa a cikin ƙasa. Saboda haka, lokacin amfani da shi, an bada shawara don ƙara neutralizer (alli, lemun tsami, dolomite) zuwa ammonium nitrate a madadin 0.7 kg na 1 kg na nitrate. Yau, a cikin sayarwa na kasuwa ba a samo tsarkiccen ammonium nitrate ba, kuma ana sayar da gauraye masu shirye-shirye.

Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai zama cakuda ammonium nitrate 60% da kuma neutralizing abu 40%, wanda zai samar game da 20% nitrogen. Amfanin nitrate yana amfani da shi a yayin da yake yin gonar a shirye-shiryen dasa. Ana iya amfani da ita azaman taki lokacin da dasa shuki.

Ammonium sulfate

Ammonium sulfate ya ƙunshi har zuwa 20.5% nitrogen, wanda yake da kyau ga shuke-shuke kuma an gyara shi a cikin ƙasa saboda abun ciki na cationic nitrogen. Wannan yana ba da damar yin amfani da taki a cikin fall, ba tare da tsoron yiwuwar asarar ma'adinai mai mahimmanci saboda kullun cikin ruwa. Harmonium sulphate kuma ya dace a matsayin babban aikace-aikace na fertilizing.

A cikin ƙasa yana da sakamako mai amfani da acidifying, sabili da haka, kamar yadda yake a cikin nitrate, zuwa 1 kg na ammonium sulphate kana buƙatar ƙara 1.15 kilogiram na abu neutralizing (alli, lemun tsami, dolomite, da sauransu). Bisa ga sakamakon binciken, taki ya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako lokacin amfani da shi don ciyar da dankali. Ammonium sulphate ba wuya na yanayin ajiya, tun da yake ba a moistened kamar ammonium nitrate.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ammonium sulfate kada a gauraye da alkaline da takin mai magani: ash, tomasshlak, slaked lemun tsami. Wannan yana kaiwa ga asarar nitrogen.

Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate, ko potassium nitrate, wani nau'in ma'adinai ne a cikin fataccen foda ko lu'ulu'u, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin ƙarin abinci ga albarkatun gona da basu yarda da chlorine ba. Abinda ke ciki ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda biyu: potassium (44%) da nitrogen (13%). Za'a iya amfani da wannan rukuni tare da rage yawan potassium ko da bayan flowering da kuma samuwar ovaries.

Wannan abun da ke aiki yana aiki sosai: godiya ga nitrogen, yawan amfanin gona ya karu, yayin da potassium ke kara ƙarfin tushen su don su karba kayan na gina jiki daga kasar gona mafi mahimmanci. Dangane da halayen biochemical da ake amfani da potassium nitrate a matsayin mai haɗari, an ƙara tsabtace tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Wannan yana kunna tsarin tsarin shuke-shuke, rage hadarin cututtuka da yawa.

Wannan sakamako yana da sakamako mai kyau a kara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Potassium nitrate yana da high hygroscopicity, wato, an sauƙaƙe shi a cikin ruwa don shirya mafita don ciyar da tsire-tsire. Taki ya dace da tushen duka da foliar fertilizing, a cikin bushe da ruwa. Maganin ya yi sauri, saboda haka ana amfani dashi da yawa don amfani da kayan ado.

A cikin noma, potassium nitrate yafi ciyar da raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, beets, karas, tumatir, taba da inabi. Amma dankali, alal misali, ƙaunar phosphorus, don haka wannan taki zai zama m gareshi. Ba sa hankalta don ƙara potassium nitrate da ƙarƙashin ganye, kabeji da radish, tun da irin wannan amfani da taki zai zama m.

Sakamakon nitrogen mai magani a cikin hanyar potassium nitrate a kan tsire-tsire shine don inganta ingancin kuma ƙara yawan amfanin gona. Bayan hadi, da ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries ne cikakke cikakke da sugars' ya'yan itace, kuma girman 'ya'yan itatuwa da kansu ƙara. Idan kuna yin riguna a kan aiwatar da kwanciya da ovaries, to, 'ya'yan itace za su ƙara yawan rayuwar' ya'yan itace, za su cigaba da riƙe bayyanar su, kiwon lafiya da dandano.

Calcium Nitrate

Calcium nitrate, nitrate nitrate ko alli nitrate wani taki ne wanda ya zo a cikin nau'i na granules ko gishiri cristaline kuma yana da soluble a cikin ruwa. Kodayake gaskiyar cewa ita ce takin nitrate, ba zai cutar da lafiyar mutum ba idan ana kiyaye maganin da shawarwari don amfani, kuma yana kawo kyakkyawan amfani ga amfanin gona da amfanin gona.

A cikin abun da ke ciki - 19% alli da 13% nitrogen. Calcium nitrate yana da kyau saboda bazai kara yawan acidity na duniya ba, kamar sauran sauran takin mai magani da ke dauke da nitrogen. Wannan yanayin yana ba da izinin amfani da allurar manci a kan nau'o'in ƙasa. Musamman tasiri taki aiki a kan sod-podzolic kasa.

Yana da kwayoyin da ke inganta cikewar nitrogen, wadda ke tabbatar da kyakkyawan girma da ci gaban albarkatun gona. Tare da rashin injin jiki, tushen tsarin shuka, wadda ba ta da abinci mai gina jiki, ta sha wuya a farkon wuri. Tushen dakatar da samun laima da kuma rot. Zai fi kyau idan za a zabi gwargwadon ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi guda biyu da suke samuwa, yana da sauƙin rikewa, ba yaduwa a lokacin amfani kuma baya sha ruwan daga cikin iska.

Main Amfanin alli nitrate:

  • high quality ingancin kore salla na shuke-shuke saboda ƙin ƙarfin jiki;
  • da hanzari na iri germination da tubers;
  • gyare-gyare da ƙarfafa tushen tsarin;
  • Ƙara juriya ga cutar, kwayoyin da fungi;
  • ƙara yawan tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na hunturu;
  • ingantaccen dandano da ma'auni na yawan girbi.

Shin kuna sani? Nitrogen yana taimakawa sosai a yaki da kwari kwari na bishiyoyi, wanda ake amfani da urea a matsayin kwari. Kafin buds Bloom, da kambi ya kamata a fesa tare da bayani na urea (50-70 g da 1 l na ruwa). Wannan zai adana tsire-tsire daga ƙwayoyin kwari masu haɗari a cikin haushi ko a cikin ƙasa a kusa da gefen itacen. Kada ku wuce nauyin urea, in ba haka ba zai ƙone ganye.

Sodium Nitrate

Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrate ko sodium nitrate da ake amfani ba kawai a cikin samar da amfanin gona da noma, amma har a masana'antu. Wadannan sune lu'ulu'u ne masu launin fararen launi, sau da yawa tare da launin rawaya ko launin toka, da soluble cikin ruwa. Abincin nitrogen a cikin nau'in nitrate shine kimanin 16%.

Ana samo nitrate daga sodaduro ta hanyar amfani da tsarin crystallization ko daga ammonia mai roba, wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen. Ana amfani da nitrate na sodium a kowane nau'i na ƙasa, musamman ga dankali, sukari da kuma tebur, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace da Berry da albarkatun furen lokacin da ake amfani dasu a farkon bazara.

Yawancin ayyukan da yafi dacewa akan kasa, tun da yake shi ne alkaline taki, shi alkalizes kasar gona kadan. Sodium nitrate ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin saman miya da amfani a lokacin da shuka. Ba a bada shawarar yin amfani da taki don amfani da shi a lokacin kaka, saboda akwai hadarin nitrogen a cikin ruwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! An haramta yin amfani da sodium nitrate da superphosphate. Har ila yau, ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da shi ba a kan ƙasa mai salin, tun da sun riga sun cika da sodium.

Urea

Urea, ko carbamide - granules crystalline tare da babban nitrogen abun ciki (har zuwa 46%). Ƙari shine cewa nitrogen a cikin urea sauƙi mai narkewa cikin ruwa yayin da abubuwan gina jiki ba su je zuwa kasan ƙasa na ƙasa ba. Urea yana da shawarar da za a yi amfani da shi azaman ciyarwa, saboda yana yin aiki a hankali kuma baya ƙone ganye, yayin da yake girmama sashi.

Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da urea a lokacin girma na tsire-tsire, yana dace da kowane iri da lokacin aikace-aikacen. Ana amfani da taki kafin shuka, a matsayin babban hawan, ta hanyar zurfafa kristal a cikin ƙasa don kada ammoniya ta ƙafe a waje. A lokacin shuka, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da urea tare da takin mai magani, wanda zai taimaka wajen kawar da mummunar tasiri wanda urea zai iya kasancewa a gaban wani abu mai mahimmanci a jikinsa.

Ana yin gyare-gyare na foliar ta yin amfani da bindigogi da safe ko da yamma. Wani bayani na urea (5%) ba ya ƙone ganye, ya bambanta da ammonium nitrate. Ana amfani da taki a kowane irin ƙasa don ciyar da albarkatun gona, 'ya'yan itace da shuke-shuke na Berry, kayan lambu da amfanin gona. An gabatar da Urea a cikin ƙasa makonni biyu kafin a shuka don biuret yana da lokaci ya narke, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ka ƙyale takin mai magani na ruwa mai dauke da ruwa a jikin ganye. Wannan ya sa konewarsu.

Magunguna Nitrogen da takin mai magani

Magunguna sun samo asali mai yawa saboda farashin mai ladabi: samfurin ya nuna cewa ya zama 30-40% mai rahusa fiye da takwarorinsu. Ka yi la'akari da ainihin ruwa nitrogen da takin mai magani:

  • Ammoniya mai yalwa shine mafi yawan nitrogen mai yawan nitrogen wanda ya ƙunshi har zuwa 82% nitrogen. Yana da ruwa mai laushi maras kyau (maras amfani) tare da ƙanshin wariyar ammoniya. Don ci gaba da yin gyare-gyare tare da ammonia mai ruwa, yi amfani da inji na musamman, saka taki zuwa zurfin akalla 15-18 cm don kada ya ƙafe. Ajiye a cikin tankuna na musamman.
  • Ammoniya ruwa, ko ammonia mai ruwa - samar da iri biyu tare da kashi daban-daban na nitrogen 20% da 16%. Har ila yau, ammoniya mai ruwa, ammoniya ruwa an gabatar da shi ta injuna na musamman kuma an adana shi a cikin tankunan da aka rufe don ƙaddamarwa. Dangane da dacewa, waɗannan takin mai magani guda biyu suna daidai da nauyin mai magani mai ƙwayar crystalline.
  • An samo Amoniya ta hanyar dissolving haɗuwa na nitrogen da takin mai magani a cikin ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa ammonia: ammonium da alli nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea, da dai sauransu. Sakamakon shi ne ruwa mai launin rawaya, wanda ya ƙunshi daga 30 zuwa 50% nitrogen. Ta wurin tasirin amfanin gona, ammoniac an daidaita su da kayan mai da nitrogen masu ƙarfi, amma ba haka ba ne saboda rashin tausayi a amfani. An kawo Ammonawa da kuma adana su a cikin kwandunan aluminum da aka tsara don ƙananan matsa lamba.
  • Urea-ammonia cakuda (CAM) yana da tasiri sosai da ruwa nitrogen taki da ake amfani da shi a samar da amfanin gona. CAS mafita suna da kwarewa a kan wasu kayan da ake amfani da nitrogenous. Babban amfani shi ne rashin abun ciki na ammoniya kyauta, wanda kusan kawar da asarar nitrogen saboda rashin amfani da ammonia a lokacin sufuri da kuma gabatar da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka kiyaye lokacin amfani da ammoniya da ammoniya. Saboda haka, babu buƙatar ƙirƙirar ɗakunan ajiya mai ɗorewa da tankuna don sufuri.

Duk takin mai magani na ruwa suna da amfani a kan masu karfi - mafi kyau digestibility na tsire-tsire, tsawon lokaci na aiki da kuma ikon yin rarraba rarraba saman dressing.

Kamar yadda takin gargajiya zaka iya amfani da sideratis, gawayi, ash, sawdust, taki: saniya, tumaki, zomo, naman alade, doki.

Magunguna Nitrogen

Nitrogen yana samuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi a kusan dukkanin takin gargajiya. Game da 0.5-1% nitrogen dauke da taki; 1-1.25% - tsuntsaye na tsuntsaye (mafi girman abun ciki shi ne cikin kaza, duck da pigeon droppings, amma sun fi mai guba).

Za a iya shirya takin mai magani na jiki mai kyau: peat-based takin heaps dauke da har zuwa 1.5% nitrogen; a cikin takin daga takaddun gida na kimanin 1.5% na nitrogen. Kwayar kore (clover, lupine, clover mai dadi) yana dauke da kimanin 0.4-0.7% na nitrogen; kore foliage - 1-1.2% nitrogen; lake lake - daga 1.7 zuwa 2.5%.

Ya kamata a tuna da cewa amfani da kwayoyin halitta kadai a matsayin tushen nitrogen ba shi da amfani. Wannan na iya kara yawan ingancin ƙasa, acidify shi kuma ba samar da abinci mai gina jiki masu dacewa ga amfanin gona ba. Zai fi kyauta don yin amfani da ƙwayoyin ma'adinai da kayan aikin nitrogen don cimma matsakaicin sakamako ga tsire-tsire.

Tsaro kariya

При работе с азотными удобрениями обязательно придерживаться инструкции по применению, соблюдать рекомендации и не нарушать дозировку. Второй важный момент - это наличие закрытой, плотной одежды, чтобы препараты не попали на кожу и слизистую.

Особенно токсичны жидкие азотные удобрения: аммиак и аммиачная вода. Tabbatar tabbatar da bin ka'idojin tsaro lokacin aiki tare da su. Tankin ajiya don ruwan ammonia dole ne a cika shi zuwa 93% domin ya guje wa maye gurbin daga dumama. Mutane kawai a cikin tufafin kariya na musamman wadanda suka yi nazarin likita, horo da horo sun yarda suyi aiki tare da ammonia ruwa.

An haramta izinin takin gargajiya na ammoniya da kuma aiwatar da wani aiki tare da su kusa da bude wuta (kusa da 10 m). Fine-crystalline ammonium nitrate da sauri matsa, saboda haka ba za a iya adana a cikin damp dakin. Dole ne a buge ƙananan lu'ulu'u kafin ciyar da su, don kauce wa yawan ƙwayar taki a wuri guda.

Sodium nitrate ya kamata a kunshe shi a cikin takarda takarda biyar-biyar wanda aka rufe a cikin jaka na linka. Jirgin sufuri a cikin motocin da aka rufe, rufe jirgin ruwa da kuma rufe hanyar sufuri. Ba zaku iya haɗakar da nitrate tare da kayan abinci mai flammable da abinci ba.