Tafarnuwa yana daya daga cikin sanannen amfanin gona na lambu, saboda fa'idodin da yake samu ga lafiyar ɗan adam da amfani dashi azaman kayan yaji. Duk mutumin da ya bunkasa wannan al'ada a shafin su yana son samun girbi mai kyau, amma ba kowa ne yake samun nasara ba. Abinda yafi dacewa da matsalar shine aikace-aikacen takin, wanda zai sa tsirrai su yi ƙarfi, kuma amfanin gona yayi yawa. Koyaya, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa yakamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani a wasu ma'auni kuma a lokacin da ya dace don wannan.
Me yasa takin tafarnuwa
Juye tumatir tafarnuwa hanya ce ta wajibi. Koyaya, kafin fara amfani da takin zamani, kuna buƙatar fahimtar menene maƙasudin da ake bi. Idan kuna shirin noma tafarnuwa hunturu, to dole ne a shafa abubuwan gina jiki nan da nan lokacin dasa shuki, wato, a lokacin kaka. Al'adu a wannan lokacin yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki don samun ƙarfi a cikin hunturu kuma tare da farkon bazara don farawa da haɓaka.
Girbi na tafarnuwa, ingancinsa da adadi, kai tsaye ya dogara da kula da amfanin gona, abinci mai dacewa da dacewa
Idan an dasa tafarnuwa a cikin bazara (bazara), ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa takin a cikin kaka zai wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki, kuma a cikin bazara zai ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan fara haɓaka. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, abincin abinci na tafarnuwa nau'in turawa ne. Al'adu na buƙatar sake cika su a lokacin rani. Sakamakon haka, shuka ya zama mai ƙarfi, yana tsayayya da canje-canjen zafin jiki, cututtuka da kwari.
Abin da za a yi amfani da shi don kayan miya
Kafin dasa tafarnuwa, da kuma lokacin da ake narkar da shi, ana yin ciyawar ƙasa da abubuwa masu ma'adinai da ma'adinai.
Tsarin takin gargajiya da magungunan jama'a
Tafarnuwa yana ba da amsa sosai ga gabatarwar kwayoyin halitta, wanda yake gaskiya ne akan ƙasa mai narkewa. Wani lokaci ɗayan riguna na kaka daya sun isa, wanda zai samar da tsirrai da mahimmancin abinci a lokacin girma. Mafi shahararren takin gargajiya shine taki, wanda aka yi don digging. Wasu yan lambu suna amfani da kayan sabo, amma har yanzu masana suna bada shawarar yin humus (tumataccen taki). Idan aka yi amfani da tsintsiyar tsuntsu, to lallai ne ya kamata a gudanar dasu a hankali, tunda adadin kuzari na iya ƙone harbe.
An kara Humus a cikin tafarnuwa a lokacin kwano na kaka
Al'adar bazara na buƙatar ƙarfi don haɓaka. Don waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya shirya mafita dangane da mullein (1 yanki na takin a cikin sassan 7 na ruwa). Iya warware matsalar an shayar da gadaje tafarnuwa, guje wa ci gaban ruwa a kan mai tushe. Don wadatar da ƙasa da kayan abinci ya dace sosai don amfani da takin.
Tashin hankali shine takin gargajiya wanda aka samu sakamakon bazuwar sharan gona (tsirrai daga lambun, ciyawa, peat, taki, bambaro, da sauransu).
A fairly na kowa Organic saman miya na tafarnuwa ne mullein jiko
Daga cikin magungunan jama’ar domin hada tafarnuwa, abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne itacen ash. Ana iya amfani dashi duka a cikin bushewa, ta hanyar rarraba sahu jere, kuma a cikin hanyar magance (200 g da lita 10 na ruwa). Baya ga ash, lambu suna amfani da gishiri, wanda an shirya maganin 3 tbsp. l gishiri a kowace lita 10 na ruwa. Hakanan salmon na yau da kullun shine ammoniya, wanda aka yayyafa shi da tafarnuwa (25 ml na ammoniya a cikin lita 10 na ruwa).
Takin zamani
Ana aiwatar da sutturar miya ta musamman don al'adar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin amfani kawai da abubuwan haɗin jiki, koyaushe ba zai yiwu a sami ma'aunin batura ba. Zaɓin takin zamani da adadinsu ya dogara da ƙwayar ƙasa. Daga cikin suttukan ma'adinai da aka fi amfani da su, ana amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa:
- carbamide (1 tbsp. a kowace lita 10 na ruwa);
- nitroammophosk (60 g da 10 na ruwa);
- superphosphate (50-60 g kowace guga na ruwa);
- urea (1 tbsp. kowace guga na ruwa);
- nitrophoska (2 tbsp. da guga na ruwa).
Don yin maganin abinci mai gina jiki mafi inganci, ana bada shawarar wasu gabobin haɗuwa. Don haka, tare da gabatarwar nitrogen da phosphorus (1: 1.5) a cikin ƙasa, ganye zai ci gaba mafi kyau, kuma abubuwan gina jiki zasu tara a kai.
Tafarnuwa za'a iya ciyar da ba kawai tare da kwayoyin ba, har ma da takin mai ma'adinai
Bayan ruwan sama ko sha, yana da matukar dacewa a shafa takin zamani a bushe. Haɗin zai iya zama kamar haka: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (a cikin rabo na 8:15:35). Don tantance adadi da haɗari na takin mai magani, dole ne a sanya wasu mahimman abubuwan da za a la'akari da su:
- yadda ciyawar ƙasa take a wurin kuma menene ruwanta;
- fasalin yanayin yankin (hazo, sanyi);
- Hasken shafin;
- kayan tafarnuwa (mafi kyawun amfanin gona da suka gabata sune hatsi, zucchini);
- nau'o'in al'adu (kwanakin rayayye, yanayi don ci gaba da haɓaka).
Don ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa ta amfani da bincike na musamman ko kayan kida. Dangane da shaidar, ƙasa an lalata shi ko kuma gaba da shi, ƙara yawan acidity. A ƙarƙashin tafarnuwa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wani rukunin ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki da ƙasa mai ƙima.
Bidiyo: yadda ake ciyar da tafarnuwa domin kawunan su manyan
Fasali na kayan miya na sama
Tafarnuwa za a iya ciyar da ba kawai ta hanyar hadar da ƙasa ba, har ma ta hanyar hanyar foliar. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire suna karɓar abinci mai gina jiki ta mai tushe ta hanyar fesawa. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a sadar da abubuwan gina jiki cikin kankanin lokaci.
Abun miya na Foliar shine ƙari ga babba, don haka amfani da shi kawai zai zama ba daidai ba.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don aiwatar da aikin shine sa'o'i maraice ko yanayin girgije. Hanyar foliar tana ciyar da al'ada sau 2 a kowace kakar. Mafi kyawun takin zamani don wannan dalili shine maganin ash. Yayin da tsire-tsire ke ci gaba, ana iya buƙatar gabatarwar wasu abubuwan gina jiki, wanda yanayin waje na mai tushe zai iya yin hukunci a kansa. Don haka, idan koreren tsire-tsire ya juya launin toka, to tafarnuwa ya rasa takin nitrogen. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don fesa tare da maganin urea. Idan ɓangaren da ke sama ya zama mai wuta, to wannan yana nuna rashin potassium. Don sake cike gurbin, zaku iya fesawa tare da maganin maganin gishiri. Yana da daraja la'akari da cewa allurai takin mai magani na takin gargajiya na foliar saman miya ya zama rabi gwargwadon tushen aikace-aikacen.
Ciyar da Foliar na tafarnuwa yana ba ku damar isar da kayan abinci ga amfanin gona cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Lokacin abinci
Shuka tafarnuwa hunturu ana yinsa a cikin kaka, kuma ana samun amfanin gona daga gareta tun farkon bazara. Duk nau'ikan biyu suna buƙatar ciyarwa. Koyaya, al'adar hunturu har yanzu tana buƙatar caji na kaka.
Fadowa
Kafin takin, kana buƙatar la'akari da cewa tafarnuwa cikin raɗaɗi yana yarda da canji a cikin ƙasa na ƙasa. Idan an yi tsiran tafarnuwa bisa ga ka'idodi, to lallai ya kamata a yi gadajen gadaje 1-2 makonni kafin ranar da za a shuka. Wasu lambu suna amfani da ƙwayoyin da aka shirya, kuma wani ya tsunduma cikin shirya takin zamani da kansu. Ana amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa kamar kayan miya na kaka:
- 1 guga na humus;
- 1 tbsp. l ninka superphosphate;
- 2 tbsp. l potassium sulfate;
- 0.5 l na itace ash.
A cikin kaka, takin mai magani na nitrogen ba shi da gudummawa. Bukatar su ta taso a farkon bazara, da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Suna samar da ci gaba mai aiki na tsarin tushe da haɓaka sassan sassan iska.
Tafarnuwa yana ba da amsa sosai ga saman miya tare da ash ash
A lokacin bazara
Da zuwan bazara, tafarnuwa hunturu fara tsiro kuma yana buƙatar ciyar da shi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana aiwatar da shi kwanaki 6-10 bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Amma ga al'adun bazara, ana ciyar da shi kaɗan kaɗan, lokacin da haɓakar aiki mai tushe ya fara.
Tafarnuwa baya son waterlogging, don haka saman miya ya kamata a yi tare da tare ruwa.
Ana aiwatar da cajin bazara na farko ta amfani da urea (1 tbsp. L.), Diluted a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Tare da maganin da aka shirya, zuba gado tafarnuwa a farashin 2-3 a kowace 1 m². Bayan makonni 2, ana yin miya ta biyu, tare da tafarnuwa biyu da tafarnuwa hunturu. Babban sinadari a wannan yanayin shine nitrofoska ko nitroammofoska. Ana buƙatar tsarma 2 tbsp. l Lita 10 na ruwa kuma ku ciyar lita 3-4 a 1 m².
Bidiyo: miya ta tafarnuwa
A lokacin rani
Ciyar ta gaba tana tsakiyar watan Yuni. A wannan lokacin, samuwar ke farawa kuma yawanta yana ƙaruwa. Haka kuma, shuka yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Lokaci na yin takin don bazara da tafarnuwa hunturu kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa kayan amfanin gona na hunturu sun girma a baya. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar bi lokaci ba kawai, har ma ku kula da yadda tsire-tsire suke ci gaba.
Idan ana amfani da takin mai magani kafin jadawalin, mai tushe da kibiyoyi za su fara haɓaka da sauri, kuma a kwanakin baya, abincin zai zama mara amfani.
Don ƙirƙirar manyan shugabannin tafarnuwa, yin amfani da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium ya zama dole. Saboda haka, riguna na sama sun ƙunshi gabatarwar waɗannan abubuwa:
- 30 g na superphosphate;
- 15 g potassium sulfate;
- 10 lita na ruwa.
Maganin da aka shirya zai isa ya takin gado na 2 m². Idan ana so, zaka iya maye gurbin potassium sulfate tare da itace ash a cikin adadin 200 ml na ash a lita 10 na ruwa.
Tafarnuwa siderata
Lambun da aka dasa tafarnuwa tafarnuwa hunturu an shirya shi da tsire-tsire kore, kamar fari mustard ko phacelia.
Siderata - tsire-tsire waɗanda aka haɓaka tare da manufar madogararsu zuwa cikin ƙasa don inganta tsarinta, haɓakawa tare da nitrogen da hana haɓakar ciyawa.
Tafarnuwa za a iya dasa ba wai kawai bayan dasa side side, amma kuma kai tsaye a cikinsu. Sideers amfanin gona suna sown a cikin layuka, kuma a tsakãninsu samar da tsagi domin dasa tafarnuwa. Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire don tsabtace ƙasa shine vetch da mustard.
An ba da shawarar dasa tafarnuwa tare tare da ko bayan taki kore, wanda ke inganta tsarin ƙasa kuma yana wadatar da shi da abubuwan da ke tattare da nitrogen da abubuwan ganowa.
Co-dasa tafarnuwa tare da kore taki yana da wadannan ab advantagesbuwan amfãni:
- Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, 'yan' gefe za su sami lokacin girma kuma zasu zama mafaka ga tafarnuwa daga sanyi;
- a lokacin bazara, busasshiyar ciyawa da cikewar bishiyoyi na siderat zasu hana fitar danshi fiye da kima;
- microwayoyin ƙasa, saboda abin da suke wadatar da abubuwan da ake buƙata don tafarnuwa, suna ciyar da su ta gefe.
Duk wannan yana nuna cewa shuka amfanin gona na ciyawa muhimmiyar dabaru ce ta noma wacce ba kawai wadatad da ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu ma'adinin abubuwa ba, har ila yau, ta dawo da ingantaccen haihuwa.
A kallon farko, da alama dai ana iya girma tafarnuwa ba tare da tayi ba. A wannan yanayin, girbin zai dace. Idan makasudin shine samun manyan kawuna, to ba za ku iya yin ba tare da takin zamani. Lokaci mai dacewa da dacewa na abubuwan gina jiki zasu sami sakamakon da ake so.
