'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace masu ruwan sanyi (suna na biyu shine cinquefoil) sun shahara sosai tsakanin masu fruitan itacen kwararru. An nuna godiya saboda tasirin ado da girbin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu wadatattun abubuwa masu amfani. A halin yanzu, daga adadi mai yawa na iri, masu lambu za su iya zaɓar waɗanda suka fi dacewa da sha'awar su da damar su. Hanyar aikin gona na shuka wannan amfanin gona tana da nasa halaye, amma ba wuya a shawo kansu.
Daga tarihin iri-iri samuwar tsintsiya masu tsayi
Homelandasarta ta ƙasa mai ruwan shuɗin daji ita ce Arewacin Amirka. Al'adar al'adu ya bayyana a farkon karni na karshe a Amurka. A cikin 1906, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya karkashin jagorancin masanin ilmin halitta Coville suka kirkiro nau'ikan farko na Brooks da Russell daga wasu nau'ikan furannin shudi. Kuma har zuwa shekarar 1937, masana kimiyyar halitta sun riga sun kirkiro nau'ikan 15.
Wavewararriyar sha'awa a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace a hankali ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe. A cikin 1926, Kanada ta ƙwace. Tarihin gwaji na gwajin bulu masu fure a cikin ƙasarmu ya fara ne a shekarar 1964.
Bayanin Shuka
Tall blueberries mai ƙarfi ne mai matukar ƙarfi wanda aka dasa shi sosai yana kaiwa 2.5 m. Ganyen suna da girma (8x4 cm), oblong, an nuna a ƙarshen. A cikin yanayi na tsakiyar Rasha, blueberries masu tsayi suna girma a tsakiyar tsakiyar Mayu. A wannan lokacin, inji yana da matukar kyau. Furannin furen fari ne ko launin ruwan hoda mai launi a launi da siket-dimbin yawa, da aka tattara a tsefewar launin ruwan wuta.
Furen furanni launin shuɗi suna da siffar ɗan tarko
Kwayabayoyi sun ƙunshi hadadden ƙwayar Vitamin, suna da acid Organic, carotene, pectins, amino acid, tannins da astringents. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don amfani da 'ya'yan itace sabo ne. Koyaya, rashin taurin su shine dalilin da yasa yawancin adadin berries ke zuwa aiki - suna yin jam, jelly, syrup, ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa na ruwan' ya'yan itace a cikin magungunan mutane. Suna da diuretic, vasodilating, sakamako mai hana kumburi.
Kwayabayoyi masu arziki suna da wadataccen bitamin.
Bambancin Hali
Masu shayarwa suna nau'ikan nau'ikan blueberries masu tsayi waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa har cikin sanyi har zuwa -30game daC. Koyaya, daskararren bazara na haifar da babban hatsari ga daji. Don furanni masu ruwan fure, yawan zafin jiki shine -2game daC. Don dasa shuki a tsakiyar Rasha, ana bada shawarar iri tare da iyakar ƙarfin gwiwa.
Mafi kyawun nau'ikan blueberries masu tsayi
Don yanayin girma na Rasha, masana kimiyyarmu sun kirkiro nau'ikan nau'ikan furanni masu tsayi. Su ne masu jure sanyi-sanyi, basa kulawa. Tasteanɗano na berries yana da daɗi da m.
Don mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace, ana bada shawarar sanya akalla nau'ikan tsabtace-tsalle-tsalle-tsallake a saman shafin.
Mafi kyawun nau'ikan blueberries masu tsayi waɗanda masu shayarwa na Rasha suka tsara don namo a yankuna na arewacin da kuma a cikin Urals sune:
- Al'adar. Bushaya daga cikin daji yana iya samar da amfanin gona mai nauyin kilogiram 1.6. An bambanta bishiyoyi na iri-iri ta hanyar kyawun yanayin hunturu. A tsayinsu ya kai m 1.8. Suna da kambi mai shimfidawa, suna buƙatar datsa. Berries na Divnaya ba su da girma sosai - har zuwa 0.6 g, suna da fatar fata. Sakamakon sha'awar fashewa, ba su da batun sufuri da ajiyar ajiya mai tsawo;
Ana ɗaukar bambance bambancen Divnaya ɗayan mafi kyawu don tsakiyar Rasha
- Fila mai launin shuɗi. Matsakaicin lokacin aji. Bishiyar sanyi, mai jurewa ga cututtuka da kwari. Bushes har zuwa 1 m high, rassan itace har kusan zuwa saman. 'Ya'yan itace' yan itace ne gajere, tare da berries guda 3-4. Berries tare da matsakaicin nauyin 0.6 g, zagaye-oval, tare da ɗanɗano mai laushi;
- Taiga kyakkyawa. Bushes zai iya jure sanyi har zuwa -43game daC. ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun nau'ikan masana'antu da haɓakar mai son;
- Iksinskaya. Matsakaici ripening. Yankin hunturu ya yi yawa. Bai cutar da cuta ba. Otsan buɗe jikin ana kafa kaɗan. Bishiyoyin suna da yawa, tare da ƙanshin itacen inabin. Haɗu tare, kada ku murƙushe, suna da tsayayya ga fatattaka;
- Nectar. Goge har zuwa m 2. M berries suna da m, babba, m. Yawan aiki - har zuwa kilogiram 6. Yawancin yana da tsayayya ga sanyi da cututtuka daban-daban;
- M. Dajin yana da matsakaici, yadu kaɗan. Berries suna da yawa, suna yin nauyi 0.7-1.3 g, mai daɗi da daɗi, ba tare da dandano ba;
- Shegarskaya. Matsayi na rashin ɗaukar kai. Dajin yayi kadan yadawo. Berriesa'idodin berries suna da girma, shuɗi mai duhu tare da rufin launi mai laushi, tare da ɗanɗano mai daɗi mai daɗi-m;
- Isakievskaya.
Matakan farko
A cikin yanayi na tsakiyar tsiri, berries a farkon nau'ikan blueberries sun fara farawa daga tsakiyar lokacin rani. Mafi kyau sune:
- Rankokas;
- Duke - musamman ƙaunar Amurka. Plusari da varietyan iri don yanayinmu ana iya kiransa daɗaɗɗen fure, wanda koyaushe yana yin tasiri sosai akan yawan amfanin ƙasa (fure bazai lalace ta hanyar sanyi ba). Koyaya, wannan bashi da tasiri game da lokacin 'ya'yan itace - za'a iya girbe amfanin gona a tsakiyar watan Yuli;
- Puru;
- Rana rana;
- Patriot - mai canzawa zuwa tsarin ƙasa, yana tsayayya da ƙarshen matsanancin iska;
- Airlibl;
- Blues;
- Kogin sananne ne saboda yawan ƙarfinsa (daga 8 zuwa 18 kilogiram) da kuma ɗanɗano na almara.
Bambancin Duke ɗayan farkon farkon yana ba wa masu mallakar tare da 'ya'yan itaciya
Dadi iri-iri
Abubuwan furanni masu launin ruwan 'Tall' 'blue' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' waɗannan 'mutane na da bambancin iri.
- Toro wani nau'in tsakiyar kaka ne, mai ba da 'ya'ya a farkon ranakun 10 na Agusta. Tsawon bushes ɗin ya kasance daga 1.8 zuwa 2 zuwa 2. Tsarin berries akan reshe yayi kama da tsarin kurangar innabi. Fruitsa fruitsan Riapean doan itacen ba su crumble kuma kar a fasa Koyaya, iri-iri shima yana da rashin nasara. Misali, rashin juriya ga cututtukan fungal. Bushes suna kula da yawan zafin jiki da rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa. Wannan nau'ikan galibi ana girma ne saboda dalilai na kasuwanci;
- Bonus - da dama matsakaici-marigayi fruiting lokaci. Mass ripening na berries yakan faru a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. A tsayi, bushes ba shi da girma sama da m 1. Babban katin ƙaho na Bonus shine girman berries (har zuwa 30 mm). 'Ya'yan itãcen za su ɗanɗano mai daɗi, suna da fata mai ruɗuwa tare da daskararren kakin zuma, ana kwashe su da kyau;
- Alisabatu Tsire-tsire suna iya kaiwa zuwa 1.5-2 m. Berries mai launin shuɗi mai haske yana da girma a cikin girman (har zuwa 22 mm). A iri-iri ne sosai kula da sanyi.
Altaziya 'yar itace ce mai ɗumbin yawa
Bishiyar shudi don yankin Moscow
Yanayin yanayin yankin Moscow an san shi da yanayin tsayayyen yanayi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na hunturu -11game daC, amma tare da anticyclone zai iya isa -30game daC. Tsarin ƙasa yana daskarewa zuwa matakin da ya kai 70 cm .. Murfin dusar ƙanƙara na iya zama kusan cm cm 45. Don haɓakar furannin shudi, haɗuwar waɗannan yanayin ya dace. Koyaya, lokacin zabar iri-iri don yankin na Moscow, wanda ya isa ya yi la’akari da yiwuwar lokacin sanyi.
Mafi kyawun iri don yankin na Moscow sune:
- Blucrop;
- Patriot
- Kasuwanci
- Bluray;
- Spartan
- Nelson
- Puru;
- Airlibl.
Bluurei iri ne tare da matsakaicin lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Allasasshen ciyawa zai iya kaiwa cm 180. Babban ganiya na ripening yana cikin tsakiyar watan Agusta - tsakiyar Satumba. Hardness hunturu ba sosai high, don haka ga hunturu da bushes dole ne a rufe.
Patriot shine gari iri-iri gama gari a cikin lambuna na Yankin Moscow. Yankin kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki (kilogiram 5 a kowace daji) ƙari ne da babu makawa. Bugu da kari, da Patriot zai iya yin tsayayye tsayayya da fungal cututtuka na mai tushe da asalinsu. Wadannan tsintsaye suna da ado sosai, ana amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar shinge akan shafin.
Daban-daban na shudi-shukra Patriot da aka rarraba a yankin Moscow
Rankocas nau'ikan iri ne ga waɗanda suke so suyi girbin girbi. Berries za a iya ɗanɗanar shi a farkon rabin Yuli. Shrubs sami damar yin tsayayya da frosts ƙasa zuwa -34game daC.
A Spartan, berries sun dace da waɗanda ke shuka amfanin gona na musamman don cin 'ya'yan itace sabo. Berries suna da acidity mai laushi, kar a kwashe ganima na dogon lokaci.
Airliblus yana da kyawawan yanayin hunturu, yana da rigakafin zazzabi da dawo da daskararru.
Don yanayin yankin Moscow, har yanzu yana da kyau a zaɓi nau'ikan ruwan fure daga masu shayarwa na Rasha. Yawan amfaninsu ya dan yi ƙasa kaɗan, amma ana daidaita su da yanayin yanayinmu da ƙasa.
Tall Blueberry Development Technology
Don narkar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, sun zabi wani wuri ne daga iska ta arewa tare da isasshen damar samun hasken rana, ba gine-gine ko wasu al'adu suka rufe shi ba. Don dasawa, tsire-tsire na shekaru 2-3 shekaru sun dace. Don mafi kyawun pollination da fruiting, ana shuka shukar da shudi iri daya a lokaci guda.
Saukowa
Kwalaji don dasa bushes an haƙa shi a gaba (a cikin watanni 2). Girman su shine 50x50 cm. Ramin tsakanin tsire-tsire ya wuce 1 m. Ciyayi, peat, haushi ƙasa, furen itace an ajiye su a cikin recesses. Ana cakuda cakuda da sulfur ko kowane acid (acetic, citric, malic). Kafin dasa, Tushen ƙwayoyin suna soaked na minti 20. Tushen, faduwa cikin rami, madaidaiciya. Dole ne a zurfafa wuyan tushe ta 5 cm. Bayan yayyafa tare da ƙasa, ana shayar da tushen sutura kuma yafa masa wani yanki (5-10 cm) na ciyawa - needles, sawdust, foliage.
A cikin yankin don dasa shuki blueberries, suna zaɓar wani fitila mai kyau, amma an rufe daga wurin iska
Kasa abun da ke ciki
Blueberries suna contraindicated a cikin kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa. Shuka ake buƙata dasa a cikin acidic ko dan kadan acidic (pH 3.5 zuwa 5) danshi-danshi da ƙasa mai kyau. Wani sabon nuna alama na acidity zai cutar da ci gaban matasa harbe.
A kan yumɓu yumbu, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar magudanar 15 cm ko dasa su a cikin wurare masu tsayi. In ba haka ba, Tushen na iya fara rot saboda yawan danshi. A cikin ƙananan wurare masu yawa tare da ɗumbin yawa na ruwa, blueberries masu tsayi kada a dasa su.
Takin
A lokacin da kiwo blueberries, gabatarwar takin gargajiya (takin, taki) ya kamata a cire. Ana amfani da takin ma'adinai a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar daji - kafin budding da lokacin fure. A karo na farko, ana amfani da taki a cikin adadin 1 tbsp. l A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana kara girman ta sau 2, daga shekaru 6 basa zama canzawa.
Ationarin kari (zinc, ammonium, potassium sulfates; superphosphate; magnesium sulfate) yana taimakawa ga ƙarancin wani abu. Ciyarwa na musamman waɗanda aka kirkira don blueberries kuma sun dace.
Mai jan tsami
Ana yin datti akan matasa bushes a farkon bazara, farawa daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Blueberries suna kawar da raɗaɗi da matakai masu alaƙa da tsufa, haɓaka makafi. Latterarshe ya ƙunshi rassa waɗanda ba sa yin fure mai fure. Sakamakon karancin haske ne da kuma lokacin daji. Tare da samun damar yin amfani da haske kyauta zuwa daji na blueberry akan harbe-girma na shekaru biyu na girma, kimanin 8 berries suna kafa daga toho na fure. Duk harbe da suka ba da gudummawa ga daji thickening (low-yiwuwa ga ƙasa, rassan tare da babban adadin a kaikaice matakai) an cire. Da farko, ana yin shukar daji na bushes ne domin a basu tsari: wani tsiro mai girma yana buƙatar manyan harbe 5-8.
A lokacin babban pruning, ana cire harbe da lalatattu da haɓakar makanta daga daji
Ba a kafa berries na blueberry akan tsakiya ba, amma a kan rassan a kaikaice. Yingaddamar da fure na fure yana faruwa akan harbe na shekara biyu na girma.
Ana yin rigakafin tsufa a cikin shekaru 6 na rayuwar shuka. A lokaci guda, rassan da suka shafi shekaru (daga shekara 5), an cire ciyawar da ta bushe da bushe. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kula da fruiting a matakin da ya dace.
Bidiyo: Tsabtatawa da rigakafin tsufa na shuɗewar shuɗi
Watse
Don ƙarancin danshi, har ma zuwa rarar sa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu ruwan sanyi suna da hali mara kyau. Mafi kyau duka suna shayarwa sau biyu a mako tare da ƙara 10 na lita a ƙarƙashin daji. A koyaushe ana yin su da maraice. Lokacin da aka yi ban ruwa, ana iya shayar da ruwa ta hanyar narke 1 tsp a cikin guga mai lita 10. citric acid.
Ana iya duba danshi na laka na cikin gida: fularfa na ƙasa daga ƙarƙashin itaciya yana murƙushe a dunkule. Ta saurin yaduwar ƙasa, zaku iya fahimtar cewa ƙasa tana buƙatar danshi.
A cikin yanayin bushewa, ana yin ban ruwa ta hanyar yayyafawa, fesa ruwa. A lokacin ripening zamani, yawan ruwa yana da muhimmanci musamman. Hakanan wajibi ne don sanyaya ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes lokacin da aka cire amfanin gona: sabon harbe da ke girma a wannan lokacin yana shafar amfanin gona a shekara mai zuwa. A cikin bazara, ana shayar da ruwa ƙasa sau da yawa ko kuma an dakatar da shi gaba ɗaya.
Cutar da kwari
Daga cikin kwari don blueberries masu hadarin gaske:
- koda koda;
- irin ƙwaro fure;
- innabi;
- itacen ja;
- aphids;
- May Khrushchev;
- 'ya'yan itace asu.
- hunturu asu.
An kama kuraje ta amfani da tarko na musamman tare da tasirin haske, ta amfani da wakilan sinadarai (Metaphos, Aktara, Decis, Atom, Confidorm, sulfate iron). Shuke-shuke da kawar da lalatattun sassan, sassauta ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu.
Kyanda ake ruwan shuda-shuɗi yana kamuwa da cututtuka kamar su:
- ƙona harbe. Ana lura dashi akan matakai na ƙarshe a cikin hunturu. Matakan sarrafawa: magani tare da Topsin da Eurapen. Bugu da kari, dasa shuki a kan filaye da ke da yawan yalwar ya kamata a guji;
- m launin toka. Harbe, fure, berries suna shafawa. Ruwan sama yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cutar. Amfani da Eurapen don feshin fure kafin a nuna fure;
- moniliosis. Tare da cuta, inji yana daskarewa, ya bushe. Matakan sarrafawa sun haɗa da tattarawa da kawar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu lalacewa, rassa, fesawa bushes yayin bayyanar buds;
- cututtukan mahaifa. An bayyane ta gaban m kumbura spots a matasa harbe daga tsakiyar lokacin rani. Matakan sarrafawa: pruning da kuma ƙone harbe.
Hoton hoto: kwari da cututtuka na shudi
- Don girbi na gaba, ɓarin ƙwaro weevil hatsari ne babba
- Rufe ganye akan daji - burbushi na kwaro
- Kodan kashin ba ya gani ga tsirara ido
- Tare da moniliosis, ya kamata a yanke 'ya'yan itatuwa masu lalacewa
- Grey rot a kan 'ya'yan itacen ya bazu da sauri a cikin ruwa.
Hanyar yaduwa na blueberries masu tsayi
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku da aka sani don yaduwar shuki masu tsayi. Wannan hanya ce ta shuka tsaba, kiwo tare da yankuna da kafe shimfidu. Babban zaɓi mafi wuya shine tattarawa da haɓaka tsaba. Girbin zai jira na dogon lokaci (har zuwa shekaru 10), tare da saka jari mai yawa a aikin. Ga masu farawa a cikin 'ya'yan itace girma, ya fi kyau a yi la’akari da itace ko yaduwa ta hanyar saka farashi.
Ana shirya girbin dabinon da kaka ne. Abilityarfin tushen tushen mafi girma shine mallakar itace ta girbe daga harbe harbe. Koyaya, ragin su daga hanyoyin da aka tsara ba a cire su ba.
Dasa kayan daga kore sassan shuka yana ɗaukar tushen mafi kyau kuma yana haɓaka da sauri. A cikin harbawa da aka yi, an rage tafiyar matakai na rayuwa da karfin kyallen takarda da ruwa.
Kwayayen fure a lokacin bazara ko bazara suna yaduwa ta hanyar saka filayen. Don yin wannan, reshe a daji an karkatar da shi zuwa ƙasa kuma ya yayyafa ƙasa a kai don samun tushen sa a kan harbe. A shekara mai zuwa, ana shuka harbi a wani sabon wuri.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Iri daban-daban wadanda nake da su: Bonus - mafi girma. Berries har zuwa 3 cm a diamita! Ban san mafi girma-fruited wadanda. Danshi yana da kyau qwarai. Alisabatu The berries manyan, har zuwa 2 cm a diamita. Don dandano na, wannan shine mafi yawan ire-iren abincin. Mai jituwa rabo na sukari da acid. Patriot shine mafi tsananin sanyi ko ɗayan huhun fure mai tsaurin sanyi. -37 sun sha wahala ba tare da daskarewa ba, duk sauran sun daskarewa ƙarshen ƙusoshin da ke sama da dusar ƙanƙara. Cikakken amfanin gona iri-iri. Berriesunyan fari na farko a cikin buroshi sune manyan, har zuwa 2 cm a diamita. Spartan da Northland - ire-iren ba su da kyau, ɗanɗano shima ba shi da kyau, amma ba zan iya faɗi wani abu na musamman game da su ba.
Dabbar dolfin mai hankali//otvet.mail.ru/question/75133958
A yau zobina ya yi rauni sosai; wani daji ya lalace. Kuma bayan duk ta tanadi, kuma hunturu yayi dumi. Ban ma san abin da suka rasa ba. Kuma lokacin rani a kakarmu ta bana yayi kama da damina, yana da sanyi musamman da daddare, yana da matukar wahala ga duk mai son zafi, kawai kabeji, albasa da karas sun yi yawa.
Hakori mai dadi//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=1205.0
A Yankin Moscow, hunturu ya kasance da ɗanɗana, amma ba dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa ba. Wasasa ta yi sanyi. Sai farkon zafin bazara, sannan sanyi ... berriesayoyi masu guba da sauri suka fara toho, har yanzu tushen sa yana cikin ƙanƙarar kankara. Har sai na fahimci wannan, kowane bushes ya rasa fiye da rabin rassan fure. Fari game da halittu. Soilasa a ƙarƙashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu walƙiya haske ne, ɗumi-danshi da ingantaccen mai ɗora zafi. Yanzu a cikin bazara zan lura musamman. Wataƙila ku narke kankara da ruwa mai ɗumi (kodayake na san wannan yana buƙatar adadin kuzari).
MikhSanych//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=1205.0
Bushaya daga cikin daji yana girma a kaina shekaru 10-11. Grade Bluecrop. Yin yawo a hankali. Dasa na biyu iri domin pollination. Tabbas ya fi kyau, amma an bushe. Birch ba girma sosai. Yana amsawa da kyau zuwa ƙasa daga gandun daji, ya ɗauka daga ƙarƙashin pines. A wannan shekara ya kasance manya-manyan kuma masu dadi.
Alexander-Shuvalovo//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=1205.0
Babban zaɓi na nau'ikan blueberry, waɗanda ke shayar da gida da waje, na ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka al'adu. Duk da wasu tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya, har ma dayan lambu masu novice suna iya yin daji da girbi.
