Gye-gizen kiwo, wanda aka fi sani da harshen Turanci da kuma Charennial Chaff, shi ne tsire-tsire ta herbaceous na nau'i mai nau'i nau'in Chaff, wadda, a gefensa, ke cikin iyalin hatsi.
Wannan shuke-shuke mai suna herbaceous na zaune a Turai, Arewacin Afirka da yammacin Asiya. Wasu lokuta, in ba haka bane ba, ana iya samun gashin gine-gine a yankunan gabashin Asiya, har zuwa yammacin Siberia.
Bayanin shuka
Ryegrass, ko kuma, kamar yadda mutane ke kira, hawan gwaninta yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan wuraren ciyawa da magungunan ruwa. Sau da yawa saurin haɗin gwiwar Ingila yana haɗe da albarkatun gona na shekara-shekara, har sai flowering, yawancin dabbobin noma suna cin abinci.
Gwanar da aka fi sani da launin fata ya bambanta daga sauran dangi a cikin darajar cin abinci mai gina jiki: kilo 100 na ciyawa ya dace da kimanin nau'i nau'in abinci guda 23, yayin da hay - zuwa kashi 60 na abinci.
Gwanar da ake ciki a ciki shine a cikin tsire-tsire a kan hayfields daban-daban daga shekaru 4 zuwa 6, kuma a kan wuraren noma zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12. Har zuwa shekara ta huɗu daga shuka, ta kai ga apocinta a ci gaba. Yayi haƙuri da yawaitawa da tattakewa, kuma ya dawo da sauri bayan duk wani nau'i na injiniya.
Ƙaunar za ta ba da arziki, ƙasa mai tsabta da ƙasa. Hakanan, yana girma cikin talauci a ƙasa wanda ke da babban acidity.
Ryegrass na noma yana da tsire-tsire mai inganci wanda ake nufi don ciyar da dabbobi masu yawa.
Bugu da ƙari, rassan ganyayyaki yana takaitaccen gajere da yawa harbe tare da m da m, rassan kore, da kafa kyakkyawan matsayi na high quality. Yana da tsarin ingantaccen tsarin kuma sabili da haka wannan tsire-tsire yana daya daga cikin ciyawa mai girma a cikin lawn.
Wannan ganye ne mesophyte. Saboda haka, ba zai iya tsayayya da danshi ba, amma ba tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba.
Har ila yau, ana amfani da ryegrass na Ingilishi don ƙarfafa nau'o'in nau'o'in kasa.
Daya daga cikin manyan siffofi na gine-gine makiyaya shi ne mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yana da kullun da ke da kyau wanda ke kawo yawan ciyawa da ake amfani dashi don ciyar da dabbobi. Kyakkyawan ryegrass zuwa rayuwa mai tsawo yana da matukar dacewa, tun da yake a matsakaici, tsawon rai shine shekaru 5-6.
Hannun da suka bambanta da yawan amfanin gona na ryegrass kai tsaye ya dogara ne akan tsawon lokacin rayuwa. Mun riga mun sani cewa wannan takunkumin irin wannan ryegrass shi ne kyakkyawan taki da magani na ƙasa, wanda, a gaskiya, ya tsiro. Wannan shi ne abin da ake bukata don gaskiyar cewa girbi ba ya dogara da yanayin, amma a kan jinsin kanta, wanda ke taimaka wa takin mai magani da inganta ƙasa a fannin yawan aiki.
Idan mukayi magana a cikin nau'i na daidai, to, abincin noma yana ba da kimanin 400 na tsakiya na kore a kowace hectare. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da kimanin 90-100 tsakiya na hay a kowace hectare, wanda kuma shi ne babban alama na shuka yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kuma muhimmancin dukkanin tsarin ci gaba da damuwa na ci gaba da yawan aiki tare da kowace shekara na ryegrass shi ne jimlar kuɗin tsaba. Saboda haka, a cikin shekarar farko bayan shuka, kimanin abubuwa hudu da aka samu a kowace hectare, kuma bayan na biyu da na uku - kimanin quintals guda shida a kowace hectare na ƙasa.
Abũbuwan amfãni:
Bugu da ƙari, yawan amfanin gona mai yawa, makiyaya ryegrass yana da wasu al'amurra masu kyau:
- - yawan abincin sinadirai masu girma da kuma girma sosai a lokacin da ake yanka mowing;
- - An hade shi sosai tare da ganyayyaki na wani nau'in (musamman tare da clover);
- - ita ce taki na kasar gona da maganinta, don yana hana yashwa;
- - sharuddan sauri na cikakkiyar matuƙar, a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan shuka na farko, ciyawa da tsirrai ya kai ga apogee a ci gaba.
Babu wani abin da ya faru a cikin makiyaya. Ƙananan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa na ci gaban shuka za a iya danganta su kawai ga wadanda ba su da fari. Har ila yau, injin ba zai iya tsayayya da damuwa mai zurfi ba a lokacin da yake yin bazara kuma zai yiwu a nan gaba jinkirta ci gaba.
Shuka
Dangane da nau'in iri, akwai wasu sauyawa a cikin tsirrai iri. Saboda haka, yawan shuka a cikin albarkatu masu tsabta da 1 hectare zai zama 12-14 kg. Na biyu nau'in shuka zai shuka shuki mai laushi tare da sauran ganye. A wannan yanayin, yawan nauyin shuka na 1 hectare zai bambanta da girman daga 8 zuwa 10 kg.
Bisa ga yawan matakan da aka dauka a sama, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin da ba'a wuce yawan damshin ruwa da nau'o'in fari ba, ana iya sa ran sakamako mai kyau.
Yana da dabi'a cewa mutumin baya cikin yanayin zafin jiki wanda gurasar makiyaya za ta yi girma. Duk da haka, mutum zai iya zama ta wata hanyar da zai shafi yanayin ci gaban shuka. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na furotin na daga cikin digiri na digirin C2 zuwa digiri ne. Sakamakon zazzabi yana da ikon iyawar mutum yayi ruwa a cikin ruwa.
Gwargwadon ƙwayar kayan lambu mai hatsi yana da ƙananan ƙanƙara da kuma daidai 2-3 cm. Wannan shi ne daidai saboda yanayin ryegrass kanta, wanda yake shi ne tsire-tsire mai sassaukarwa, baza'a yarda da yawancin danshi ba, da kuma hana ƙasa da ciyawa ke tsiro.
Fasali na girma
Ryegrass na noma, ko da yake ba mai girma ba, yana buƙatar wasu yanayi na rayuwa da ci gaba. Yawancin yawa ya dogara da hanyar shuka, saboda a lokacin da ake shuka shukiya tare da wasu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, dole ne a biye da daidaituwa, amma a lokaci guda wani hanya mai zurfi zuwa ga namo, ci gaba da ci gaba da tsire-tsire da aka shuka a wannan ƙasa.
Bayan hunturu, lokaci ne kawai da za a shuka shuki a cikin shekaru masu yawa, kamar yadda kasar gona ta isasshe shi sosai, babu fari kuma kasar gona ta "hutawa" tare da dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara.
Halaye daga buri na gaba zai iya haifar da asarar haɓakar amfanin gona, kuma zuwa cikakkar incapacity da kwatanta da makoma. Waɗannan sharuɗɗa sune:
- - Seeding ya kamata faruwa a farkon spring; kasar gona ba ta da busassun ƙasa kuma aka auna rigar;
- - Turanci ryegrass ba zai iya jimre wa duka sanyi da zafi;
- - dole ne a sarrafa ƙasa nan da nan bayan hunturu da snow narke; ya kamata a kiyaye shuki a wani adadi mai yawa kuma ba a yarda da ruwa zuwa "ambaliyar ruwa" da nauyin kullun gine-gine;
- - don nomawa wajibi ne don yin tukunyar man fetur da phosphate, kuma a farkon lokacin bazara don gabatar da takin mai magani na nitrogen don shuka na farko;
- - ya kamata a gudanar da yanka a farkon farawa, saboda gaskiyar cewa ryegrass yana cike da sauri sosai, sakamakon abincin da aka cinye dabbobi.
