Dasa furannin adon kwalliya da kulawa dashi ba zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa ba, da kamshi mai haske na dogon lokaci. Shuka tayi hawa zuwa kowane irin tallafi, suna iya yin ado gazebo, bangon gidan, kawai a rufe duk wani gini. A yawancin nau'ikan, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ma suna cinyewa.
Bayani da sifofin shuka
Mafi sau da yawa akan rukunin yanar gizon ku zaka iya samun wake na ado tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi da furanni masu haske. Amma launuka iri-iri suna da inganci. An yi imani da cewa launi mai launin shuɗi na furanni yana da asali a cikin nau'ikan wake da yawa, jan wuta mai launi iri ne. A halin yanzu, an yi imanin cewa wannan ba gaskiya bane: nau'ikan sababbin nau'ikan suna rufe dukkanin launuka launuka.
Giya wake cikakke ne don aikin lambu na tsaye
Wake girma da sauri, da yawa iri kai mai tsawo of 5 m, kuma a ko'ina cikin wannan budewa da harbe suna kokarin ansu rubuce wani abu. Wannan al'ada ce ta ƙauna-zafi, amma ba ta buƙatar yanayi na musamman, yana haɓaka da kyau a kowane yanki na rana. A cikin inuwa, yana jin ɗan ɗan muni, amma kuma yana gamsar da mai shi tare da kyawawan furanni. 'Ya'yan itãcen da yawa iri ne edible, duk da haka,' yan lambu ku ci su, fi son shuka hatsi ko bishiyar iri na bishiyar asparagus iri daban-daban a kan karamin gado domin wannan.
Kamar kowane ɗan wake, mai kayan ado yana cike da ƙasa kusa da shi tare da nitrogen, yana ɗaukar shi daga zurfin ƙasa kuma daga iska kuma ya fassara shi cikin ƙwayoyin cuta mai narkewa wanda ke tara ƙwayoyin nodules. A wannan batun, a ƙarshen kakar, tsire-tsire ba su cirewa: an yanke su a saman ƙasa, barin tushen a wuri.
Dankali da aka dasa a nan kusa yana ƙara haɓaka haɓaka sakamakon ƙarfin wake don inganta takin ƙasa. Kuma kore taro na na ado wake da aka cire a cikin kaka an aika zuwa ga rami takin, inda ya wadatar da abun da ke ciki na tattara sharar shuka tare da adadi mai yawa na gina jiki.
Solanaceae, girma kusa da wake, bazara bata shafar shi ba. Ba ta son ƙanshinta da ƙwaryan dankalin turawa.
Homelandasar asalin wake na ado shine Latin Amurka, sunan sa na asali yana fassara shi azaman "jirgin ruwa mai tafiya", saboda siffar fure. Fruitsa fruitsan itace largea arean manya ne, wake. Su ne waɗanda aka tattara don sake maimaita dasawa shekara mai zuwa ko don gina bango na fure a sabon yanki.
Bidiyo: Duk Game da Bean Baturen Turkiyya
Daban-daban na wake masu ado
A halin yanzu, fiye da wasu an san su kuma suna neman aikace-aikacen su a cikin ado na nau'ikan mãkirci:
- Mammoth - wake tare da fararen furanni masu launuka iri-iri da girma dabam. The most fure iri-iri.
Furanni Mammoth fari ne, manya-manya ne
- Dolichos purple - wake tare da furanni shuɗi. Yawancin lokaci ana kiran wannan nau'in lilacs. Dolichos wani misali ne mai wuya na wake tare da ƙanshi mai daɗi, don haka rassanta tare da manyan furanni galibi ana kara su cikin bouquets. Inflorescences suna tsaye sosai a cikin filayen ruwa tare da ruwa har zuwa makonni 2.
Dolichos yana da kama da na lilacs wanda wasu ma suna shakkar cewa nasa na kayan gargajiya ne
- Abun launuka biyu - a ƙarƙashin wannan suna suna haɗu da rukuni na nau'ikan da suka bambanta da wasu a haɗuwa da launuka biyu: wasu furanni masu tsabta fari ne, ɗayan kuma ana zanensa da jan launi.
Madame Butterfly - ɗayan iri tare da furanni masu launi biyu
- Turancin wake - sanannen iri ne, yana da ruwan lemuka-ja, har ma da wuta, fure mai launin shuɗi. Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan da galibi ke girma don yin ado da shafin. Tare da dasawar lokaci, tsire-tsire suna yin fure a duk lokacin bazara.
Beabilar Turkawa - Mafi Mashahurin Faman wake na ado
- Mai hawan dutse - iri da launuka masu haske (galibi ma burgundy) furanni. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shi ne ya keɓantar da wake na Turkiyya.
Mai hawan dutse - ɗayan mafi yawan nau'ikan zamani na zamani.
Wasu nau'ikan wake na bishiyar asparagus, alal misali, Golden Nectar, kuma galibi ana ajiye su azaman kayan ado. Akwai ɗan rikicewa game da wannan batun, saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin nau'ikan wake na kayan lambu na iya yin azaman ado na gonar, kazalika da zama amfanin gona da aka girma don amfani azaman samfurin abinci.
Dasa kayan zaki
A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana girma da wake ta hanyar shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Bayan duk wannan, babu babban ma'ana a ɓarnatar da kuzari a kan shuka anan, kyakkyawa na iya jira kwanaki masu ɗumi, kuma irin waɗannan wake ba su girma ba musamman don abinci. Koyaya, zaɓin iri har ila yau, ana yin sa a cikin yankuna masu tsauraran yanayi kuma a lokuta inda kake son ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan bango a ƙasar tun da wuri-wuri. Gaskiya ne, seedlingsan itacen za su yi tarko tare da, tunawa da gaskiyar cewa wake suna da matukar raɗaɗi ga kowane juyawa.
Bidiyo: anan wake na Dolichos a shafin
Lokacin sauka
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa ba da wuri sosai ba, kasar gona don shuka ya kamata ya ɗora: tsaba sun fara shuka a zazzabi na ƙasa na 8-10game daC, da tsire-tsire suna da matukar damuwa ga sanyi kuma suka mutu a -1game daC. Mafi kyawun zazzabi don ci gabansa shine 20-25game daC. A cikin yankin tsakiyar, kwanakin saukowa sune tsakiyar Mayu; a arewa, kwanakin farko na Yuni. A wajen kudu, kowane irin wake ana shuka shi a watan Afrilu. Idan aka shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, an rage yawan ƙwayoyinsu, kuma a wasu lokuta sukan mutu gaba ɗaya. Matsakaicin ƙasa shine lokacin da aka shuka cucumbers, wanda, kamar wake, suna tsoron sanyi.
Kayan kwalliya na shuki na shuka sun fara girma a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu, a cikin yankuna na arewacin - kusa da ƙarshen watan Afrilu. Idan dai itace cewa an yi shuka sosai kuma da wuri kuma seedlings sun yi wuce gona da iri, dole ne ka shirya tallafi domin shi, wanda tsawonta mai tushe ke daurawa. A saboda wannan dalili, zaku iya tsayawa a hankali, alal misali, fensir kusa da tsiro.
Dasa shuka
Seedlings zai zauna a gida na kusan wata daya, zai yi girma a al'ada a cikin ƙasa na kowane abun da ke ciki, sai yumɓu, amma yana da kyau a haɗa sod ƙasa da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1 kuma ƙara dintsi na itace ash a cikin guga na cakuda.
Shuka tsaba don shuka dole ne a yi a cikin tukwane na mutum: wake kada ku yi haƙuri da dasa shi tare da lalacewar tushen sa. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da waɗanda za'a iya ɓarna tare da ƙasa mai cirewa, amma peat sune mafi kyawun zaɓi - sannan saukowa cikin ƙasa ba zai zama mai jin zafi ba. Kuna iya amfani da manyan allunan peat.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙwayar wake wake - tukwane peat
Tsarin wake suna da yawa, kuma kafin shuka, suna da sauƙin sauƙaƙewa, suna watsar da ƙarami kuma mafi kwari ya shafa. Sannan ana bada shawara a jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwa har sai kumburi (na awanni 12-16), ba tare da jiran cizo ba.
Wasu lambu pre-wani irin abincin tsami su a cikin potassium permanganate bayani har ma jiƙa da su a cikin girma stimulants. Duk wannan, ba shakka, za a iya yi, amma ba lallai ba ne mu shiga cikin ayyukan da aka zaɓa idan sun haɓaka al'adun kayan ado.
Tsarin wake na kayan ado na iya zama launuka daban-daban, amma koyaushe babba ne, mai sauƙin ɗauka
Ana shuka wake zuwa zurfin kusan 2 cm. Yawancin lokaci yakan fito da kyau, saboda haka ya isa ya sanya ɗan wake ɗaya a cikin tukunya ko kwamfutar hannu, amma idan akwai su da yawa kuma akwai shakku game da shuka, zaku iya fitar da guda 2-3, sannan a hankali cire karin harbe.
Zazzabi wanda ya kamata a shuka shuki 18-22 ° C, amma bayan fitowar, dole ne a rage shi da digiri da yawa don kwanaki 3-4. Shuka shuka ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ban da ruwa na lokaci-lokaci. Ba dole ba ne a yi kafafun kafa ta hanyar pinching ko pruning. Ba za a buƙaci wannan watan da kuma kayan miya ba.
Idan kasar gona ta kasance m sosai kuma ya juya cewa seedlings suna girma a hankali, zaku iya shayar da shi tare da jiko na itace ash.
Za ku iya dasa shuki a cikin gonar a baya farkon ganye guda biyu masu tasowa. Bai kamata a kiyaye shi a gida ba tsawon tsayi, amma idan an yi jujjuyawar tare da tukunyar peat, babu haɗari. Mako guda kawai kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar shirya bushes, ɗaukar su lokaci-lokaci zuwa baranda da kuma saba wa iska.
Akwatin wake na kowa ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ba: zai zama da matukar wahala a cire seedlingsan itacen ba tare da lalata Tushen ba
Dasa shuki a cikin lambu
Wake masu ado ba su da yawa a yanayi idan aka kwatanta da nau'in kayan lambu. Amma har yanzu, gado ya kamata a shirya a gaba, yana gabatar da kashi na takin gargajiya. Zai iya zama humus ko takin, amma ba sabo taki. Duk wani kayan haɗin ma'adinai tare da mayar da hankali kan phosphorus da potassium shima ya dace: da yawa ba a buƙatar nitrogen wake. Wannan abun yana haifar da wuce gona da iri na yawan ciyayi zuwa lalata mummunar fure.
Idan akwai yumɓu a cikin yankin, lokacin tono ya zama dole don ƙara yashi, idan ƙasa tayi acidic - alli.
Tsarin dasa tsiren wake na ado shine ko wane irin abu, tunda babban dalilin shi shine ado wurin. Sabili da haka, maigidan da kansa ya yanke shawara ko zai zama gado ko jere guda ɗaya tare da bango ko shinge, amma nisan da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 20 cm, kuma zai fi dacewa 30-40 cm. Idan akwai layuka da yawa, to sai a bar tsakanin 40 zuwa 50 cm tsakanin su. ya danganta da yadda zaku iya gina goyon baya.
Hanyar dasa shuki itace ya zama ruwan dare: a wuraren da aka zaɓa sun haƙa ramuka a cikin tukunyar girman kuma suna binne seedlingsan itacen a cikin su kusan ba tare da zurfafawa ba, bayan wannan suna zuba yalwar ruwan dumi da ciyawa ƙasa.
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa
Shuka tsaba kai tsaye cikin gonar ita ce hanya mafi yawancin hanyoyin dasa shuki na ado, galibi suna yi. Game da haske da ƙasa mai ɗumi, ana shuka wake a farfajiya.
Idan ruwan ƙasa yana kusa, gina gado mai tsayi.
Tsarin shuka iri daya ne kamar yadda ake dasa shuki: tsakanin ramuka suna barin nesa daga 20 zuwa 40 cm. Dasa shuki yana ba da bango mai kauri, amma tsire-tsire sun yi muni, ba su yi fure ba sosai. A cikin kowace rijiya, ana shuka wake biyu zuwa zurfin 1.5-2 cm, to, gado daga shayarwa yana iya shayarwa da yalwa kuma an shayar da ƙasa sosai tare da kowane kayan kwance. Idan barazanar dusar ƙanƙara ta ragu, amfanin gona an rufe shi na ɗan lokaci tare da spanbond. Wuce haddi seedlings ana trimmed trimmed kwanaki bayan bayyanar su.
Ba a shuka iri na wake sosai ba, yana yiwuwa ga guda 2-3 a rami ɗaya
Kulawa
Kulawa da wake wake-wake mai sauki ne kuma ya hada da tsarin narkar da safu-layi, weeding, kayan miya da kuma shayarwa. Ana yin kwalliya bayan kowace ruwa da ruwan sama, an haɗe shi da cire ciyawar ciyawa. Tare da haɓaka bushes, loosening zai zama mafi wuya, saboda haka yana da bu mai kyau ciyayi akan gado. Lokacin da bushes girma zuwa 12-15 cm, an dan kadan spudded tare da ƙasa.
Gwangwani shine shuka mai ƙauna mai zafi, sabili da haka, idan aka dasa shi tun da wuri, a karo na farko ya zama dole don saka idanu akan yanayin kuma, mai yiwuwa, murfin tsire tare da kayan da ba'a saka ba. A madadin haka, zaku iya gina greenhousean ƙaramin gida na ɗan lokaci. Tsirrai manya na tsayayya da yanayin zafi kusan 0game daC.
Yadda ake shayar da wake
Kowane nau'in wake ana shayar da su, gami da wake na ado, na lokaci-lokaci da kanakaka, hana overdrying na ƙasa. Wannan ya kamata a yi a ƙarƙashin tushe, da maraice, ruwan ya tsaya kuma yana jin da rana lokacin rana. Game da yanayin bushewa, ana buƙatar sha sau biyu a mako.
A bu mai kyau ka jagoranci ruwa kai tsaye zuwa ga Tushen, musamman kula kada ka jiƙa furanni da fure. Saboda haka, sau da yawa ana cire strainer daga ruwa na iya ruwa ya fadi tsakanin layuka ko, tare da dasa aya ɗaya, yana kusa da tushe na bushes.
Nan da nan kafin fure ya fara, ana iya ɗanɗanar da ƙasa ɗanɗana kwanaki: wannan yana haifar da bayyanar ƙarin buds, amma sai an ci gaba da ruwa, kamar yadda aka saba. Yana da kyau don ciyawa ƙasa a kusa da wake tare da kowane irin sako-sako (peat, humus, sawdust, yankakken bambaro) wanda ya fi kyau kiyaye danshi.
Manyan miya
Ana ciyar da wake na kayan ado tare da kowane ma'adinai ko takin gargajiya, sai dai irin takin zamani. Da takin gargajiya ta growers rika shawara kawai sau biyu:
- Lokacin da ganyayyaki biyu na gaske suka girma (a cikin 1 m2 ƙara 1 g na urea, 15 g na superphosphate da 10 g na kowane gishiri gishiri).
- A lokacin bayyanuwar buds (abun da ke ciki iri ɗaya, ban da urea).
Idan ya nuna cewa fure ba ta cika kamar yadda aka zata ba, wataƙila an lalata ƙasa, kuma a wannan yanayin, yakamata a ba da kayan miya ta hanyar ɗora hannu kadan na itacen ash da ofan biyun giyar superphosphate a cikin guga na ruwa, bayan wannan ya kamata a ba shi izinin tsayawa don kwana ɗaya, a raunata wani 2 -3 sau tare da ruwa kuma zuba a kan wannan dasa dasa.
Garter
Bayan m girma na wake ya fara, da harbe bukatar kawai a miƙa a cikin hanyar da ake so, kuma su da kansu za su da sauri amarya data kasance goyon baya. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya ƙirƙirar kowane kayan haɗin da ya dace ta hanyar gina shinge na wucin gadi. Zai iya zama bango, dala, katanga, silinti har ma da ball.
Bean yana son tallafin katako, saboda wasu dalilai yana ɗaukar baƙin ƙarfe da mummunan filastik, kuma wani lokacin dole ta taimaka yin hakan. Idan ya nuna cewa wake ya ki sanya kayan filastik, kawai kuna buƙatar ɗaure harbersa tare da igiya mai laushi a wurare 2-3, sannan kuma da alama zai je inda mai lambu yake so.
Daga wake, zaku iya gina sifofin kowane nau'i
Lokacin da wake suka bushe kuma suka samar da kwalaye, za'a iya sanya su - suma suna da kyan gani sosai. Bayan bushewa, ana tattara su don kwantar da tsaba, wanda, bayan bushewa kaɗan, ana zuba cikin jakar takarda kuma a adana su a bushe.
Haricot na kayan ado yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi tsire-tsire don girma, wanda ke ba da damar canza gidan lokacin bazara tare da ƙaramin kuɗin aiki da saka hannun jari. Yana ba ku damar gina kusurwa mai inuwa a wurin, wanda aka yi wa ado da furanni masu launuka. Wannan al'ada ta shahara sosai kuma ana samun ta a yawancin yankunan birni.
