Shin ciyawa suna girma a Siberiya? Varietiesyan itace irin mulmulan hunturu masu ƙarfi don girma a cikin canjin yanayin sanyi

Mulberry, ko itacen bishiya (Mulberry), don yawancin yankuna na Rasha ana iya ɗaukar tsire-tsire mai ƙoshin gaske, wanda akan samo shi ne kawai a yanayin yanayi waɗanda suke da bambanci sosai da namu. Koyaya, yankin da yake watsawa yana motsawa zuwa arewa, kuma a yau yan lambu da yawa sun sami nasarar shuka wannan bishiyar ta kudu, har ma a Siberiya.

Abubuwa biyu na ciyawa: fari da baki

Daga cikin nau'ikan ciyawa sama da ɗari biyu, ana samun nau'i biyu da yawa kuma suna yaɗuwa:

• Mulberry fari ne. A cikin ƙasa, a cikin yanayin China da Indiya, itaciya ce babba (har tsawon mita 10-12) tsayi tsawon rayuwarta har zuwa shekaru 300. An dauke duka 'ya'yan itace ne da ciyar da kayan masana'antu. Ganyen ya kai girma masu girma har zuwa 25-30 cm tsayi. Ana amfani dashi azaman ciyar da silkworm, mai samar da kayan albarkatun siliki. Aka sani tun zamanin da.
• Mulberry na baki ne. Fensir yana da tsawon 6-17 cm. An dauke shi itace 'ya'yan itace. Yana bayar da gungu na ƙananan baƙi 'ya'yan itace tare da kaifi, amma dandano mai daɗi. Berries a cikin bayyanar kama da blackberries.

Babban bambancin waje tsakanin fari da baƙaƙe baƙar fata a cikin launi na 'ya'yan itace. Ana kiranta fari a zahiri saboda launi mai haske na haushi. Haka kuma, cikakke berries na farin ciyawa na iya zama launuka daban-daban: fari, ruwan hoda har ma da baki.

Ko da perennial rassan farin Mulberry suna da launi mai haske.

A cikin baƙi, bi da bi, fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen marmari ne koyaushe baki da duhu haushi.

Mulberry iri-iri Black Baroness yana da kyakkyawan jure sanyi

Shin ciyawa tana girma cikin yanayin canjin sanyi?

Theasar yankuna na rarraba ciyawa a ƙasarmu ana iya ɗaukar yankuna na kudanci:

• Transcaucasia
• Arewa Caucasus
• Crimea
• kudu da yankin Turai na Rasha.

Amma a yau yankin rarraba shi ya ci gaba ba kawai ga Siberiya ba, har ma a cikin ɗayan kishiyar - zuwa ƙasashen Turai. A cikin latitude arewa, ciyayi iri daya iri daya bazai iya girma zuwa girman kuduba. Girbin 'ya'yan itatuwa na arewa ba ya da yawa, kuma themselvesan berries kansu arean kanana ne.

Mulberry yana girma akan ƙasa daban-daban, amma ya fi son m, sako-sako, tare da ƙarfin riƙe ruwa da acidity pH 5.5-7.0. Haɓaka itaciya yana da ɗan jinkirin, yana fara fitar da 'ya'yan itace kawai don shekaru 8-10, kuma a cikin Siberiya - shekaru 10-12. Saboda haka, yana da shawarar dasa riga kafa uku zuwa biyar shekara seedlings.

Lokacin aiki tare da ciyawa seedlings, yana da muhimmanci a san cewa yana da tushen saƙar da ke buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai. Saboda wannan dalili, ba za ku iya haƙa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin waɗannan bishiyoyi ba.

A cikin ciyawa, ba kawai asalin ba ne, har ma ana rarrabe rassan ta hanyar karyewa. Saboda haka, a ƙarƙashin dogayen rassan bishiyar girma, suna yin nesa da kambi, wani lokacin wajibi ne a sa props.

Ragowar fasahar dasa tayi kama da dasa kowace itaciya:

1. Digging rami kadan fadi da zurfi fiye da tushen tsarin.
2. A seedling da dama cikin rami, an rufe duniya da rammed.
3. Spasa ta yaɗu sosai don bushewa da compaction.
4. An kafa gungume a tsakanin tushen seedling, wanda za'a ɗaura sabon tsiro.
5. Wani yanki na ciyawa yana warwatse a saman.

Iri don girma a Siberiya

Don namo a yankuna masu sanyi, gami da Siberiya, ana bada shawarar yawancin nau'ikan ciyawa. Dukkaninsu sun kasance iri ɗaya ne - farin Mulberry. Sun bambanta a cikin halayyar halayyar - ganye daga ƙasa yana da laushi, wani lokacin yana da ƙananan haɓaka, siffar ganyen ba ta dace ba, mai kamannin zuciya.

Tebur: varietiesaukan Mulberry masu dacewa don girma a cikin canjin yanayin sanyi

A kowane hali, lokacin da aka sayi seedling a cikin gandun daji, masana zasu gaya muku wane nau'in ne wanda ya dace da yanayinku musamman. Kuma kuna iya tambayar masu mul mul mul menene iri sun rayu kuma suna samun nasarar girma a yankinku.

Bidiyo: ciyawar tsiro a cikin Siberiya

Siffofin girma mulberries a cikin yankuna sanyi

Akwai fasahohi masu sauƙi waɗanda kuke buƙatar amfani dasu yayin haɓaka mulberries a cikin yanayin sanyi.

Zaɓin wurin zama

An san cewa a kan titi har ma a cikin hunturu akwai wuraren da itatuwa ke da zafi. Waɗannan raƙuman kudu suna buɗewa rana, kuma suna buƙatar zaɓar don dasa shukar albarkatu mai tsananin zafi. Saboda matsayin su, irin waɗannan wuraren suna samun ƙarin zafi da haske koyaushe. Ko da a cikin Disamba, lokacin da haskoki na ƙananan rana suna zubowa bisa duniya kuma daɗaɗɗen dumi, gangara a mahimmancin ra'ayi yana kama da zafi kamar rani tare da rana mai ƙarfi. Tabbas, farin dusar ƙanƙara yana nuna haskoki, amma a cikin faɗuwar ƙasa ƙasa zata daskare a can, kuma a cikin bazara zai narke da dumama da wuri.

Ko da zafi ga tsire-tsire a gefen kudu na gine-gine, musamman babba da mai tsanani. Gine-ginen da ke tsaye a bayan bishiyoyi a arewa basu taɓa inuwa ba, amma kawai suna rufe su ne daga tsananin iska mai ƙarfi a arewa. Yana da matukar wanda ba a ke so dasa ciyawa a cikin wani wuri mai laima.

Ciyawa

Lokacin shirya mulberries don wintering ko lokacin dasa kaka, kuna buƙatar cika ƙasa tare da lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa. Zai fi kyau idan tanada wuta. Irin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka sun dace:

• bushe allura gauraye da humus,
• ruɓaɓɓen yaddd,
• sako-sako da humus,
• peat.

An zubar da ciyawa a cikin yadudduka na 15-25 cm .. Irin wannan murfin zai taimaka kare tsarin tushen daga daskarewa. Ana kuma amfani da firitin sabo Amma suna da ikon ɗaukar nitrogen daga ƙasa yayin lalata. Kuma kawai ƙarshe lalata, suna ba da nitrogen a ƙasa. Saboda haka, yana da shawarar zuba sabo sawdust:

• takin nitrogen
• urea
• niton ammonium.

An kafa a kan aƙalla 40-60 g a 1 sq Km. m

Gyara nuances

A cikin yanayin canjin sanyi, yana da kyau a aiwatar da girki, samar da ƙaramin tsari mai kyau a cikin yanayin daji. Lowerananan ciyawa, ɓangaren mafi yawan abin zai rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma mafi sauƙi shine, idan ya cancanta, rufe shi daga sama tare da kayan rufewa. Itace tare da ƙuntatawa mai tsayi yakan bada kanta a sauƙaƙe, saboda koda ba tare da yin kwalliya ba, ciyawar tana girma da faɗi sosai fiye da tsawo.

A cikin canjin yanayin sanyi, an datse mulberries

Mulki na ƙarni na biyu a tsibiri mai ɗumi a Burtaniya, wanda ya ba da kambi har zuwa murabba'in mita 600, ana ɗauka shine wanda yake ɗaukar rikodin yankin. m

Ragowar ana yin su ne da tsafta da kuma yin datti kamar yadda dokokin gama gari suka sabawa duk al'adu da yankuna. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa bayan farkon spring pruning, da yawan zafin jiki kada fada a kasa debe 10 ^{game da}C, saboda a lokacin za a sami hatsarin daskarewa sababbin yankuna da mutuwar rassa.

Tsari

Har zuwa karni na 18, bayan da Rasha ta fahimci asirin samar da siliki, an yi kokarin bunkasa al'adun mulberry a cikin yanayinmu ta fuskar masana'antu. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa itacen girki na iya girma da haɓaka na yau da kullun shekaru. Amma lokacin da matsanancin sanyi ya faru, kuma wannan ba sabon abu bane tare da mu, ciyawar daskarewa daidai gwargwadon matakin dusar ƙanƙara. Duk abin da ke ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara ya tsira. A bayyane yake cewa ɗaukar sararin itace na da matsala matsala. Amma ɗaya ko bishiyoyi da yawa a cikin lambun ku na iya rufe dusar ƙanƙara daga ƙasa, kuma idan akwai tsananin sanyi, rufe tare da kayan sutturar zamani, har ma da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su.

Garkunan da farko na bukatar matasa harbe. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa rassan da aka jingina na bishiyar girma ba su daskare ko da tsananin sanyi ba.

Abubuwan shuka na gida

Itace wanda yayi girma shekaru da yawa a cikin yanayin sanyi tuni yana da canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittar sa zuwa iyakar tsayayyen sanyi. Tabbas, an ba da shawarar dasa Mulberry tare da manyan seedlings don samun fruiting da wuri. Amma idan an kawo seedling daga yanayin canji, ba za ku taɓa jira fruiting ba. Sabili da haka, don yada ciyawa a cikin canjin yanayin sanyi, dole ne mutum yayi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da kayan dasawa na gida, wanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar cuttings daga tsira na gida kuma ya samu nasarar girma mulberries. Ba za a iya kiran shi zano ba, daga mahangar kimiya, amma ya riga ya zama tsiro mai dacewa.

Yadda ake shirya da kuma shuka shuki:

1. Bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi, an yanke haɓakar shekara-shekara a kan ƙwararrun haɓakar da aka zaɓa da ƙananan 17 cm ƙasa.
2. Yanka ana tsoma shi cikin heteroauxin ko kuma maganin kowane tushen tushe. An haɗa shi cikin ɗaure na 15, sanya shi tsaye a cikin akwati kuma an rufe shi da yashi kusan tsawon tsayi.
   

   Heteroauxin shine gishirin potassium wanda ake amfani dashi don magance kwararan fitila da tushen tsirrai da .an itace
3. A cikin hunturu, adana a zazzabi na debe 3 ^{game da}C zuwa 7 ^{game da}C.
4. A lokacin bazara, kafin tohon ya fara kumbura, ana yin girki a cikin ƙasa tare da zurfin 15 cm 15. Sanya itace a cikin furrow a nesa na 25-35 cm daga juna kuma rufe duniya kusan gaba ɗaya, yana barin kawai tip 2-3 cm tsawon a farfajiya.
5. A cikin kaka, da cuttings wanda ya ba da tushen ana dasa shi a matsayin mai cikakken-zuriya seedling zuwa m wuri.
6. Don hunturu suna barci da dusar ƙanƙara.

Mulberries a cikin canjin yanayin sanyi ana yin yaduwa ne ta hanyar seedlings.

Hakanan, ana iya yaduwar ciyawa a cikin gida ta hanyar dasa harbe, alurar rigakafi, tsaba da saka filayen.

Kamar yadda muke gani, tambayar "shin ciyawa tayi girma a Siberiya", kuna yanke hukunci da yawa bayanai akan hanyar sadarwa, zamu iya amsawa - ya girma, amma tare da ajiyar abubuwa biyu:

1. Ba ya yayi girma a ko'ina cikin Siberiya.
2. Yana girma, amma ba kamar a cikin ƙasa a cikin sauyin yanayi.

Daga cikin yankuna masu sanyi, kwatankwacin farin ciyawa sun girma a Bashkiria, Kazan da Orenburg, Altai, Primorye, da kuma kudu maso Khabarovsk Territory. A nan, ciyawa na iya yin 'ya'ya, wanda ba koyaushe yake cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin da bai dace ba. Amma ko da a cikin wadannan yankuna, saboda tsananin frosts, mulberries sau da yawa daskare fitar da rufe shekara-shekara harbe har ma perennial rassan.

Hakanan, kwarewar da aka tara na 'yan lambu na arewa sun nuna cewa ciyawa tana iya yin amfani da yanayin sanyi kuma ya dace da sabon mazaunin yankin fiye da sauran al'adun kudanci. Bugu da kari, daskararren harbe ba sa haifar da mutuwar shuka kuma ba su ma tasiri sosai game da yanayin gaba ɗaya. A farkon bazara, maimakon harbe da aka rasa saboda sanyi, sababbi suna girma da sauri. Kodayake, ba shakka, wannan yana rage jigon cigaban al'ada, amma ba mahimmanci.

Karin kwari

Dukkanin wahaloli tare da shuka ciyawa a cikin wani yanayi mai sanyi ana kashe su ta hanyar hujja daya mai ban mamaki - tana da kusan babu kwari da cututtuka. Ba ya buƙatar sarrafa shi. Wasu lokuta berayen da ke ɗanɗana itacen haushi suna iya cutar da itaciya - mulberries suna da ganyayyaki da haushi mai wadataccen furotin, kuma yana da dandano da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Kare iri ɗaya ne kamar na dukkan fruita fruitan itace, alal misali, a kan ƙanƙan wuta - gangar jikin a ginin an lullube shi da kayan birgima kuma an ɗaure shi da waya.

Don kare gaba da rodents, an dasa kayan kwamba a cikin kayan girki

Wani lokaci tsuntsayen kan yi girma a kan girbi na cikakke na berries, da kuma a kan cherries da wasu albarkatu na Berry.

Tsuntsaye na iya cutar amfanin gona ciyawa

Zai iya zama lahani daga kunar rana a jiki, wanda akan iya buɗe siriri tare da maganin lemun tsami a faɗo. Mafi yawan lokuta ana yin wannan ne saboda wasu dalilai a ƙarshen bazara, amma kowane itace yana iya samun ƙonewa daga farkon rana kawai kafin ya kwarara ruwan, a cikin watan Fabrairu-Maris, saboda haka yana da kyau a ba da shi a lokacin sanyi.

Kulawa

Baya ga matakan daskarewa da ke sama, mulberry na iya buƙatar yin ruwa a lokacin fari, sannan kawai a cikin lokacin ba daga tsakiyar Agusta ba. Daga wannan lokacin, itaciyar ta fara shirin yin hunturu, kuma baya bukatar yawan danshi.

Akwai shawarwari don ciyar da ciyawa tare da ma'adinai da takin gargajiya don ya bunkasa haɓaka. Amma tsire-tsire masu dadewa ba sa son rush. Suna girma a hankali karni da ƙari kuma kusan ba sa buƙatar barin.

Nazarin Girma na Bincike

Mulberry yana girma sosai kuma yana bada 'ya'ya a cikin yanayin birane, har ma da kusan masana'antar masana'antu, ba ta wahala daga bushewar iska, kuma tana haƙuri da aski. Yi amfani da shi a titi, tituna da guda ƙasa, don shimfidar tituna gari, ƙirƙirar shinge mai yawa. Masu shayarwa suna aiki akan sabbin nau'in tuta. G. I. Babaeva da N. A. Alekseichenko bred 7 mai-yawan-mai-yawa, damuna-hunturu, ire-iren tsire-tsire masu tsinkaye da zabi nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace 14 da ke da launuka daban-daban, daga fari zuwa ruwan hoda, daga ruwan hoda zuwa launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da kusan baki a launi . Mulki a cikin wannan lokacin hunturu na shekara ta 2010 yayi sanyi sosai, dangane da dusar ƙanƙara. Amma irin waɗannan masu girma sukan faru sau ɗaya shekara ɗari, saboda haka ba zan daina yin baƙin ciki ba. Ina tsammani cikin shekaru biyu zai yi girma ya fara kawo 'ya'ya. Ya isa shekara dari.

G. Kazanin

Daga wata kasida a cikin mujallar "Gudanar da Gidaje"

Kuma mu ciyawa ya kamata 'ya'yan itace! Na riga na ba da labari mai yawa - har ma a arewacin yankin Moscow yana da 'ya'ya. Ana samun juriya na sanyi a cikin shekaru. Tabbas, yawan amfanin ƙasa yayi ƙasa da kudu, kuma berries suna karami - amma har yanzu yakamata yayi aiki! Don haka dole ne ku shuka. Abu daya ne mara kyau - ba a san wane irin shuka ba. Idan an girma daga tsaba, suna iya zama marasa haihuwa.

Katya

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Amma ga mai ruwan hoda (m-fruited) mulberry, Zan iya faɗi tabbatacce ne. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari (a cikin lokacin bazara mai zafi suna kama da zuma), kusan 2-2.5 cm a girma .. A zahiri, ba kamar aronia ba, yana shafa hannun lokacin cin berries. Bayan sanyi a wannan shekarar, na yi tunanin za a bar ni ba tare da berries ba, amma a'a. A ziyarar jiya zuwa shafin, na gano cewa tare da sabon ganye mai fure, berries ma sun kasance.

Nicky

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Farin kabeji masu launin fari tare da baƙar fata berries suna girma a Samara. A cikin hunturu na 2009-2010 yana tsayayya da sanyi na -40 ° C. A cikin sanyi fiye da-35 ° C, ƙarshen shekara-shekara harbe daskare, wanda, gaba ɗaya, ba shi da ban tsoro. Ko bayan -40 oC, ta sami 'ya'ya a cikina. Propagated da guda biyu hunturu lignified da kore a lokacin rani. Sake bugun ta da tsaba ban ba da shawara ba. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa tare da zuriya ta haihuwar mace mace mai tsabta, ana iya samun tsire-tsire na dabba (siliki), kuma a lokaci guda duka namiji da mace (wannan shine abin da ya kamata a ɗauka daga).

Dabbar dolfin mai hankali

//otvet.mail.ru/question/89044596

Gabaɗaya, ciyawa itace mai wuya, mai jurewa wanda baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Matsaloli a cikin girma a Siberiya suna daskarewa a cikin hunturu da ɗan kankanin lokacin zafi a lokacin rani. Kamar yadda kake gani, ana iya rage girman su idan an kiyaye wasu yanayi na dasa shuki da girma.