Shuka cherries daga tsaba baya bada izinin dogaro da halaye na yanayi. Sabili da haka, 'yan lambu sun fi son hanyoyin ciyayi: suna raba tushen shoot, tushen yanke, shuka. Amma wani lokacin yaduwa iri ne ba makawa. Misali, kuna buƙatar samun tsiro wanda ya dace da yanayin gida, kuna son ƙirƙirar bonsai ko ku sami nau'ikan iri-iri, kuma sauran hanyoyin haifuwa basa samarwa.
Yadda za a dasa cherry daga dutse: umarnin mataki-mataki-mataki tare da hoto
Tsarin girma daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan amfanin gona na gonar Rasha daga tsaba ya haɗa da matakai masu sauƙi:
- Zaɓi mafi cikakke, kyawawan, manyan berries.
- Cire naman daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, kurkura da ruwa, sannan tare da ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan, kuma a bushe a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa. A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, an tsabtace ƙasusuwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara ta amfani da na'ura mai sauƙi - ejector kashi. Mistress suna da masaniya da shi, waɗanda suka fi son girbi irin ceri mara kyau.
Zai fi dacewa a fitar da tsaba kuma a kiyaye berries gabaɗaya tare da taimakon mai bugun dutse
- Haɗa ƙasusuwa tare da yashi rigar, saka a cikin wuri mai sanyi. Anan za su kasance daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa Oktoba.
Hankali! Mafi sau da yawa, kawai gina yashi ne don mazaunan birni, amma ba a son ɗauka. Ya bambanta da kogin in babu mahimmancin friability, ruwa da permeability ruwa. Lokacin da yake jika, yana manne tare, yana toshe damar samun iska. A cikin wannan yashi akwai yiwuwar lalacewa. Yakamata a ɗauki sandar kogin yashi. Ana kuma kiranta ma'adini.
Kogin ko yashi na ma'adini shine mafi kyawun ma'anar don adana tsaba
- A watan Oktoba, shuka a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar tono 3 cm zurfi.
- A lokacin hunturu, kasusuwa takan kasance masu jujjuyawar halitta.
- Harbi zai bayyana a lokacin bazara.
Wannan hanyar tana da nasa gurguzu - yana da wahala sarrafa tsari. Wannan hanyar ba ta dace da waɗanda ke da 'yan kalilan kawai na irin ceri mai mahimmanci ba. Hakanan, bai dace idan yankin yana da daskararren yanayin sanyi mai rauni tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara - duk da haka, al'adun ceri yana da taushi. Wasu cherries, alal misali, nau'in Troitskaya, suna haɓakawa da kyau ta hanyar shuka kai a Siberiya. Amma a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta muna magana ne game da tsaba da aka samo daga itace da aka rigaya ya saba da mawuyacin yanayin yankin.
Sabili da haka, zaka iya ajiye ceri na ceri har sai watan Disamba, sannan kuma a daidaita wulakanci. Yayin ajiyar ajiya, kula da yanayin zafi da zazzabi - har zuwa 20 ° С. Ya kamata a bincika kasusuwa lokaci-lokaci don lalacewa da ƙira. Kuna iya haxa su ba kawai tare da yashi ba, har ma da peat, kuma tare da gansakuka, kuma tare da ɗanɗano - kowane kayan da aka sako, babban abin shine ƙasusuwa ba su bushe, kuma a lokaci guda basu da laima. Tabbas, abu ne mafi kyau a shuka 'ya'yan itatuwa da dutse kai tsaye bayan an ci su, amma wannan ba koyaushe zai yiwu ba. Yana da mahimmanci kada a sha su - wannan shine ɗayan dalilai na gama gari cewa tsaba basa haɓaka kwata-kwata. Ya isa ya bushe ƙasusuwa kaɗan, sannan nan da nan sanya su a cikin abin da ake so. Tsayar da kasusuwa ba da shawarar ba - suna fashewa da muni. Akwai irin wannan abu - girbi-girbi na tsaba. Bonesasusuwan Cherryan ƙasa, kamar amfanin gona masu yawa waɗanda dole su jure tsawon hunturu, suma suna da ikon su huda, don haka shuka shuki bushe kafin hunturu kuskure ne.
Moss Sphagnum yana girma ko'ina a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da launuka, amma zaka iya siyan sa
Umarnin don yin girma nau'in cakulan don waɗanda suke so su sarrafa tsari suna kama da wannan:
- Theauki tsaba daga cherries mai sanyi wanda aka yi niyya don ɓarna a farkon Maris, ko kuma kawai adana tsaba har zuwa wannan lokacin a cikin firiji. Don haka, kasusuwa rigar za ta zama gyararra.
- A cikin Maris, sanya tsaba a cikin m (kogi) yashi ko rigar sawdust. Tare da gilashi, saka a cikin wuri mai haske. Heat ba sabon abu bane ga ramin ceri, nemi sill taga mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na 20 ° C
- Lokaci-lokaci, amfanin gona ya kamata a iska ya bushe.
- Bayan watanni biyu, sai tsaba su yi toho.
- Yanzu ana iya rarrabe su, mafi yawan masu ƙarfi za a iya dasa su da yawa a cikin ramuka da aka shirya a gonar, ko a cikin tukwane. Dutse wanda ya fashe tare da babban tushen da ya bayyana an aza shi a gefe, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa saboda kar a gan shi, kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki sai su cire ƙasa mai wucewa, suna fallasar dutsen kashi biyu bisa uku. Ko ya kamata kai tsaye rabin-digo. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tushen "fahimta" cewa yana buƙatar girma, amma ana iya lura da kashi.
Wannan hanyar ta fi dacewa a cikin cewa zaku iya zaɓar tsire-tsire mafi ƙarfi nan da nan ku dasa su a wuri mai ɗorewa.
Wani ƙarami, kamar tsiro ɗan itacen ceri tare da cotyledons da ganye guda biyu na gaskiya
A ƙasa munyi la'akari da biyu daga cikin mahimman matakai a cikin girma ceri daga cikin rami: menene sauran zaɓuɓɓuka don daidaitawa da yadda za a hanzarta germination ta hanyar sarrafa ramuka daidai.
Aikin shirya: magani na kasusuwa
Da saurin zuriyar tayi yawa, da sauri yadda tsire-tsire zasu tsiro. Sabili da haka, don hanzarta germination na tsaba tsaba (apricots, peaches, cherries), ana amfani da dabaru da yawa. Hardaƙƙarfan wuya yana da zafi a jiki, ta jiki, ya shafa. Hanya mafi sauki don hanzarta germination cherries shine jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwa kwanaki kafin a daidaita. Dole ne a canza ruwa sau da yawa. Bayan kwanaki 4-5, sai suka fara canzawa.
An kuma lura cewa bambancin zafin jiki yana shafar hanzarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. A mafi girma da ke faruwa tsakanin mafi girma da ƙananan yanayin zafi, da sauri da tsaba farka. Shahararren magani na tsaba da ruwan zãfi ya dogara da wannan lura. An sanya tsaba a kan kayan masarufi kuma an zubo da ruwan zãfi, an fallasa su ga girgiza zafin jiki na secondsan mintuna kaɗan.
Yanayin zafi yana iya zama da amfani idan an samo tsaba a ƙarshen, misali, a cikin bazara, kuma babu lokacin daidaita tsaba. Kafin fitowan harbe shi wajibi ne don ware wata daya. Kuma kafin wannan, ana amfani da fifiko gabanin amfani da shiri. Kasusuwa ya kamata a tsoma cikin ruwan dumi, a sa su a ciki tsawon kwanaki 3, a canza ruwa lokaci-lokaci. Sa'an nan tsaya na minti 20 a cikin ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate. Sannan kuna buƙatar sanya kasusuwa a cikin injin daskarewa (zazzabi -6C) na awanni 1.5-2. Bayan haka, fitar da kasusuwa, canja wuri zuwa ɗakin da yake dumi, zuba ruwa a kusan 50-55 ° C (dumi don hannu). Idan kashin bai tsinke ba, maimaita hanya. Yanzu zaku iya shuka tsaba ku jira germination.
Scarification sakamako ne na inji a kan kwasfa mai wuya. Yawancin lokaci ana yin sa a hankali tare da fayil don hakan ya zama mafi sauƙi ga shuka don karya shinge. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin soki. A cikin yanayi, da kwasfa ya zama mafi zurfi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu abubuwan - danshi, canjin zafin jiki, ƙwayoyin cuta. Irin wannan dogon tsayi da rarrabuwa ba tare da haɗarin m ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a gida. Kawai ka lura cewa scarification baya hana karkatar da tsari da kuma tsarin gaba daya. Don farka daga ciki da kuma girma ta girma, ana bukatar kuzarin zazzabi, kuma da sauki kawai zai sauƙaƙa ficewar sa. Yi abin wuya kafin a sami sassauƙa da soya.
Scarification Mai Tsada
Stratification da ceri tsaba - mafi muhimmanci mataki na germination
Ana buƙatar daidaitawa! Cherry yana nufin tsire-tsire na lambu wanda tsaba ke gudana ta hanyar tsinkaye mai zurfi. A cikin irin tsaba, amfanida iri ne kawai ba da kariya, kadan mai saurin kamuwa da cutarwa na zahiri, amma suna fuskantar wasu abubuwa na musamman wadanda ke rage jinkirin girman amfrayo. Huntun hunturu wata alama ce a gare su da su shirya hankali don ƙwaya - abubuwan da, akasin haka, haɓaka haɓaka fara farawa. Da zarar adadin wadannan abubuwan ya kai wani matakin, zuriyarsu za su yi girma.
Idan ba zai yiwu a sanya ƙasusuwan ceri a kan titi ba, sukan shirya lokacin hunturu.
An gauraye kashi da aka lura da shi tare da sako-sako da sako-sako. Zai iya zama sawdust, gansakuka, yashi, vermiculite, peat, ko cakuda shi a kowane gwargwado. Wasu suna ɗaukar ƙurar ƙasa don cacti. Ba a buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki daga cakuda ba, kayan aikin injiniyan su suna da mahimmanci - dole ne ya kasance mai sako-sako, ya dace da danshi da iska. An saka cakuda da duwatsu a cikin akwati, zai fi dacewa a bayyane, an rufe shi da murfi wanda a ciki an yi ramuka da yawa, an saka shi cikin firiji don watanni 2-3 (4-5 ° C). Tabbatar bincika akai-akai - aƙalla lokaci 1 a mako. Kodayake duk yana dogara ne akan microclimate da tushen asalin ma'adinan - zaku iya mantawa game da dasa shuki don duk lokacin hunturu, kuma babu ƙamshi ko cututtukan fungal da zasu shafi kayan dasa. Idan kuwa an samo alamun farkon rubin, ya kamata a cire kasusuwa, a wanke, a bi da su da ƙwayoyin potassium, kuma a sake dasa su a cikin gurɓataccen mai.
Wannan bambance bambancen bushe bushe. Bayan shi, an tsaba suna soaked kuma an aika don germination. Amma bambance-bambancen rigar sakawa abu mai yiwuwa ne - ƙasa tare da duwatsun yana da ɗan daɗaɗa, sannan an riga an sanyaya su. Wace hanya ce mafi kyau wacce take daidai. Don tsaba na bishiyoyin apple da apricots, shirin "dogon bushe hunturu + soya mai zuwa" yana ba da sakamako mai kyau da gaske: riga a rana ta bakwai, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwannin apricot ya fashe kuma ya fara bayyana. Tabbataccen ƙari da hanyar bushewa ba karamar haɗari ba ne cewa ƙashi zai fara jujjuyawa. A gefe guda, shaƙatar shaƙatawa yana kusa da yanayin halitta kuma, mai yiwuwa, irin waɗannan ƙasusuwa zasuyi saurin sauri. Babu ƙwararrun karatun da suka kware kan wannan batun.
Tsaba a cikin kwantena na filastik wanda aka shirya don canji a cikin firiji
A cikin wace ƙasa shuka kashi
Mafi kyawun ƙasa don dasa shuki ceri shine ɗayan itacen uwa. A cikin rashi, zaka iya amfani da kantin sayar da abinci mai gina jiki don shuka seedlings. Don germination na ceri tsaba a gida, ƙananan tukwane, ba fiye da 0.5 l ba, sun dace. Idan akwai tsaba da yawa, ana iya dasa su cikin faranti, lura da nesa na akalla 20 cm lokacin dasawa.
Dole a binne ƙasusuwa a cikin ƙasa ta 2-3 cm Don kula da yanayi mai laushi, an rufe dasa shuki tare da jakar filastik kuma a sanya shi a kan wuta, sill taga mai sanyi. A kai a kai a kwandishan zubo kuma a bincika. Kasusuwa suna girma cikin wata guda. Idan kun shuka tsaba tare da kwasfa fashe, to zasu iya yin shuka cikin mako guda bayan dasawa.
Idan muna magana ne game da girma sakura (cuku mai tsayi sosai), to za a kusantar da zaɓin ƙasa sosai. Soilasa ta zama mai ƙarfin ƙarfi, abinci mai gina jiki - humus, takin mai magani nitrogenous da potassium.
Ciyarwa mai kyau-sawn ko sakura mai siffa kamar bonsai
Kulawar Sprout
Idan an shuka iri nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude, to, bayan fitowar bazara za su buƙaci kulawa ta yau da kullun, amma ga waɗanda aka samu ta hanyar hanyoyin ciyawa. An kwance da'irar kusa-gangar jikin, ta shayar, ana nazarin tsire-tsire don kwari, an cire ciyayi. Ta hanyar kaka, tumatir na iya girma zuwa rabin mita. Yanzu ana iya watsa su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Idan aka dasa shuka a cikin tukunya, suna neman wuri mai haske, ba wurin zafi ba, ana iya kiyaye shi daga magudanan. A gida, ana buƙatar tsabtace rigar yau da kullun.
Watering ya fi kyau ... tare da dusar ƙanƙara. Ruwan narke yana da tsarkakakken tsarkakakken tsari da tsari; amma har yanzu bai iya tsabtace gishiri da abubuwa masu ƙarfi daga ƙasa ba. Iswararren dusar ƙanƙara yana shimfidawa a ƙasa ba tare da taɓa sprouts ɗin ba.
Don shayar da matasa seedlings, tsabtace sabo danshi ne mafi kyau.
Ciyar da tsire-tsire matasa idan aka dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki, babu buƙatar - akasin haka, akwai haɗarin wuce gona da iri. Kawai tsire-tsire masu potted suna ciyar da watanni 2 bayan dasa shuki, amma a wannan yanayin babu shawarwarin gaba ɗaya don riguna na sama - duk ya dogara da burin namo da bayanan farko (samuwar bonsai, girma don manufar dasawa zuwa wuri mai dindindin, girman tukunya, abinci mai gina jiki, ingantaccen tsire-tsire )
Sosai Kashi Cherry
Ciki mai cakulan ya gaji haruffa da kyau yayin yaduwar iri, saboda haka ana samun girma daga tsaba. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar samun kwalliya, masu daidaituwa da tsirrai masu daidaitawa. Geraukar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kusan kusan kashi ɗari ne - na tsaba 10 shuka. 8. Ka'idodin dasa ba su bambanta da waɗanda aka ambata a sama. Cikakken mataki mataki umarnin:
- Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire masu lafiya, tare da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa da amfanin gona mai kyau, ana zaɓa su a gaba.
- An tattara tsaba da aka tara a kaka a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi a cikin ƙasa 45-60 kafin farkon sanyi.
- Don shuka a cikin shagon bazara, stratify da germinate, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.
- Ofangare na tsaba tsiro da sauri. Don dakatar da haɓaka da samun harbe-harben abokantaka, an haƙa kwandon da ƙasusuwa cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Rike zafin jiki na 0 ° C har zuwa lokacin shuka.
- Shirya kasar gona: ta 1 sq Km. m. - 10-15 kilogiram na humus, 40 g na superphosphate na biyu, 20 g na potassium sulfate.
- Yi tsagi. Ana sanya tsaba a kusa da zurfin zurfin 2-3 cm.
- Shuka ne mulched tare da na bakin ciki na humus. Babu fiye da 1 cm.
- Harbi zai bayyana a tsakanin makonni 2-3.
- Da zaran ainihin ganye 3 na gaske suka bayyana a ganyayyakin, ana fitar da su ne a karo na 1, suna barin mafi karfi tsirrai.
- Lokaci na biyu na fita waje lokacin da ganye 4-6 suka bayyana. A sakamakon haka, aƙalla 6 cm yakamata ya kasance tsakanin ƙwayayen.
- Standard care - weeding, loosening. Wasu suna ba da shawarar yin babban kayan miya sau biyu a kowace kakar.
- A lokacin kaka, tumatir zasu kai cm 60-70. Ana iya dasa su a cikin dindindin.
Shekaru biyu da haihuwa ji ceri seedlings
Mafi rauni tsire-tsire suna girma a wannan wuri don wani shekara 1, da kuma dasawa zuwa akai kawai fall na gaba.
Chera'idodi na ƙwayayen da aka girma daga tsaba ana kulawa da su kamar yadda aka samo bishiyoyi ta wasu hanyoyi. Bambancin kawai shine bishiyoyi zasuyi 'ya'ya tsawon shekaru 3-4, ba 1-2, amma ɓata lokaci zai biya. Cherries da aka samu ta hanyar iri suna da yuwuwar samun tushe har ma a mawuyacin yanayi, kai ga balaga da bada 'ya'ya na tsawon lokacin da aka basu - shekaru 30-35.
