Shekaru da yawa, an dauki hawthorn a matsayin ciyawar daji tare da dukkanin raunin da ke tattare da "daji" - ƙarancin kayan aiki, ƙarancin ɗanɗano. Amma wannan tsire-tsire ne mai matukar amfani, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda suke mai ban sha'awa, mai daɗi, amfani da sabo kuma matsayin kayan albarkatun ƙasa don matsawa, matsafa da wuraren sarrafawa. Ganyen furanni da furanni ana dauka waraka ne. An dade ana aiki kan inganta ingancin tsirrai na daji na daji, kuma a yau an samar da ire-iren wadannan nau'ikan da za a iya ganin sun fi ci gaba girma.
Labarin
Bayani na farko da aka rubuto na farko game da gaskiyar cewa ɗan adam ya san hawthorn a matsayin ƙwayar magani mai ƙarfi a cikin zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Turawa sun fahimci al'adun warkarwa a farkon shekarun da suka gabata. A Rasha, hawthorn yana da sanannen suna - uwargida, sarauniya, 'yar itace, kuma ana bi da ita da girmamawa.
Janar kaddarorin ga kowane nau'i da nau'in hawthorn
A cikin duka, kusan nau'ikan wannan nau'in 200 sanannu ne a cikin duniya tare da bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin bayyanar da girman - daga ƙananan bushes zuwa bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Da yawa daga cikinsu tsirrai ne a gare mu. Yawan dabbobi 47 sun girma a Rasha. Mafi na kowa daga cikinsu su ne na kowa da yawa hawthorn, punthoth hawthorn da jini ja hawthorn.
Hawthorn - shuka ornamental tare da lafiya berries
Hawthorn shine shuka mai tsananin ƙarfi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tushen tsarin rufe yankin a ƙarƙashin kambi tare da diamita na har zuwa 4 m zuwa zurfin zurfin. Wannan yana ba ku damar samar da daji tare da abubuwan da ake buƙata da danshi a kan ƙasa mai ƙaramin ƙarfi da kuma a cikin shekaru bushe. Ba ya daskare ko da a cikin lokacin sanyi sosai, don haka yankin rarrabawa a yankuna na arewacin ya fi sauran bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace.
Hawthorn baya son shawa
Tsayayya da duk cututtuka da kwari. Ba ya son shaye-shaye, musamman daga kudu, saboda ba zaku iya dasa hawthorn ba a bangon arewacin gine-gine, musamman ma mafi girma. Damp lowlands, sosai acidified kasa ma contraindicated.
Iri daban-daban
Za'a iya bambance bambancin yanayin hawthorn cikin nau'ikan uku - 'ya'yan itace, kayan itace-ornamental da na ado. Kodayake, ba shakka, nau'in 'ya'yan itace suna da darajar kayan ado na kansu. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci dalilin da yasa aka dasa itace - don girbi ko don kyakkyawa.
Rabin-kwanon rufi
Varietyaruitan itace, waɗanda aka zaɓa ta zaɓi kan samfuran samfuran kyawawa mafi kyau daga hawthorn Semi-soft. Mafi fice dangane da ingancin 'ya'yan itace da yawan amfanin ƙasa. A berries manyan, ja, dadi sosai. A cikin yanayi mai kyau yana haifar da 'ya'yan itace ƙasa da cherries, cherries da plums, waɗanda suke yaɗu cikin orchards. Dajin ya fi sauran nau'in girma, wanda yasa yai wahalar girbi. Ripens marigayi, ana iya tsince berries zuwa tsananin sanyi.
Toba
Kyakkyawan darajar kayan ado na zaɓin Kanad. Hardarfin hunturu ba shi da ƙananan zuwa nau'in gida. Ana amfani da shi wajen gyara shimfidar wuri a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, amma a matsayin itace mai tsayin daka, saboda baya son shasha kuma yana girma sosai a yankuna gaba daya ga rana. Zai iya girma zuwa 6-7 m ba ga tsayi. Yana da matukar ban sha'awa a cikin daidaitaccen tsari. Yana da kambi mai shimfiɗa, mafi sau da yawa yakan zama ƙaƙƙarfan daji, amma wani lokacin yana iya girma tare da akwati ɗaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ja, zagaye ne da siffa, babba, amma kaɗan.
Toba hawthorn furanni a lokacin canza launi launi daga fari zuwa ruwan hoda
Daursky
Yana fitar da 'ya'yan itace da kyau, amma kuma yana da darajar ado. Siffar, kamar Toba cultivar, na iya zama mai ɗaukar hoto da itace-kamar guda ɗaya, amma Daursky ya fi guntu fiye da Toba, matsakaita 1-2 m. Tana da ƙayayuwa zuwa tsawon 2.5 cm. Blooms cikin fararen furanni a tsakiyar Mayu. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a watan Satumba. Suna cikin sifar fitsari, kusan kauri 1 cm, na iya bambanta da launi - rawaya, ruwan lemo da ja.
An rarraba nau'ikan Daursky da yawa fiye da Urals, a Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, har ma da waje Rasha, a cikin Mongolia da China.
Ganyen Daursky suna da takamaiman lilac
Paul Scarlett
An gan shi a tsakanin 'yan'uwa kuma an nuna shi a matsayin nau'i daban-daban a cikin karni na 19. Yana girma ko dai tare da daji ko itace tare da akwati ɗaya. Ba mafi girma ba. M rawanin, m sosai, na iya girma har zuwa m 3. Yana blooms a al'ada lokacin ga dukan iri, a tsakiyar May da farkon Yuni, amma lokacin furanni ya fi tsayi, kusan makonni 2. Furanni na wani mawuyacin, zafin hawthorn ja don hawthorn. Ya bambanta da sauran iri kuma a cikin cewa ba haka ba game da rana, yarda shading. Paul Scarlett yana ba da fruitsan fruitsan itace, saboda haka zaku iya ɗaukarsa ado ne iri-iri.
Saukar furanni daga hawthorn Paul Scarlett ya kusan makonni 2
Volzhsky
Ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan a siffar da girman kambi da ganye. Short, ba fiye da 3 m, ba ya yin daji, amma itace kawai. Crohn ko da ba tare da yin kwalliya ba da kuma samar da sifar maras kyau.
An bambanta Volzhsky iri-iri ta sassaka kamar ganye.
Sunan yana nuna wurin asali. Rarraba a yankin Volga. Mai tamani a cikin karko, yana riƙe da halayen kayan ado na tsawan shekaru 40. Fiye da wasu masu tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari.
Yadda ake dasa itacen hawthorn
Propagated by hawthorn seedlings, cuttings, cuttings, tsaba da kuma grafting.
Hanya mafi sauki kuma tabbatacciya ita ce ganowa da tono ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayar ko tumatir mai shekaru 2-3. Yana da sauƙi ma a sayi seedlingal seedling girma a cikin gandun daji. Yaran masu shekaru biyu sun fi dacewa da tushe.
Yankan
Yaduwa na hawthorn by cuttings ne kawai za a barata idan kana buƙatar ajiye kusan ƙonewa ko kuma yawancin nau'ikan, wanda yake da wuya a sami seedlings. Yanke hawthorn suna ɗaukar tushen talauci sosai, akwai koyaushe babban adadin cirewa. Daga farkon cuttings don samun cikakken seedlings, shekaru 4 wuce. Kuma babu wanda zai iya ba da tabbacin sakamakon nasara na wannan aikin shekaru da yawa na aiki, koda kuwa tsararraki masu rikitarwa na aiki da tsayayyen matakai ana bin su sosai.
Maimaitawa
Sake haifarwa ta hanyar farashi ya fi sauki kuma ya fi godiya.
- A ƙarshen bazara ko a farkon lokacin bazara, ana samun harbe-harbe na shekaru 1-2 a kan daji na hawthorn.
- Shirya tsagi tare da zurfin 10-12 cm.
- A cikin shi suna sunkuyar ƙasa kuma suna narkar da ƙyallen a ƙasa tare da ƙarfe na ƙarfe, cika shi da ƙasa, barin kawai kambi tare da ganye 5-8 a farfajiya.
- Kafin ka cika fam ɗin, an ja shi a gindi tare da waya mai taƙaƙa don rage kwararar abubuwan gina jiki daga tsire-tsire na uwar. Wannan zai hanzarta samar da yadudduka na asalinsu.
- A lokacin rani mai bushewa, ana shayar da keɓaɓɓen launuka na lokaci-lokaci.
- Don haka kada twig ɗin ya zama marairaice, kuna buƙatar yayyafa ƙasa, a saman zaku iya zuba ciyawa - humus, peat, romon ruɓaɓɓen, allura.
- Sakamakon haka, da kaka, zaku karɓi tushen fiddo, wanda za'a iya tura shi nan da nan zuwa wurin dindindin.
A wasu halaye, ana aiwatar da tushen ba ɗaya bane, amma yanayi biyu. Misali, idan wasu yadudduka suna da tsarin tushen rauni.
A ƙarshen faɗuwar, twig ɗin zai sake barin tushen sa mai cin gashin kansa
Yaduwa da tushen harbe
A ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon watan Satumba, an sami harbe-harbe matasa waɗanda ke girma kusa da babban akwati. Tona sama da matasa Tushen, kokarin kada su lalata a kwance tsohon tushen uwa uwa. Dasa a cikin wani ɗan lokaci. Next bazara, da viral na seedling zai zama a bayyane. Idan yana da rai kuma yana ci gaba da girma, zai yuwu a tura shi zuwa wani wuri na dindindin nan da nan, tare da babban dunƙule na ƙasa, don kada ya lalata ƙaramin tushen tushen. Ana iya jujjuya shi a cikin kaka da kuma bazara mai zuwa, a cikin shekara.
Alurar riga kafi
Wannan ka'ida guda ɗaya tak takamaimai game da grafting hawthorn amma akan grafting kowane itace 'ya'yan itace. Amma akwai wasu peculiarities.
- mafi kyawun tushen itace ko dai wani itacen daji mai daɗaɗɗen daji, wanda bai dace da wani abu ba, ko kuma itacen ash dutse. Haka kuma, a kan dutse na dutse, yawan tsira yana da girma sosai, kuma yana yiwuwa a bunkasa dutsen ash dutsen cikin sauqi ta hanyar harbi;
- inoculate a farkon zafi, amma kafin ganye su yi fure;
- yi amfani da rassan shekaru 2 tare da kauri na kusan 1 cm, kuma rassan gefen daga scion, kamar yadda ake yi yayin grafting sauran bishiyoyi, ba za a iya cire su ba.
Tsarin iri
Tsaba na hawthorn suna da "shayarwa" da yawa waɗanda ba su iya yin girma. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a shuka tsaba da yawa a nesa na 10-15 cm daga juna.
Dole ne a sarrafa zuriyar hawthorn kafin dasa
Tsaba an shirya shuka don dasawa a ɗayan hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- dishesauki kwanuka tare da ruwan zãfi da ruwan kankara. An sanya tsaba a cikin jaka da aka yi da masana'anta na halitta kuma a tsoma shi cikin ruwan zafi da ruwan sanyi na mintina 0.5 bi da bi har sai tsaba sun yi yawa, suna ƙaruwa da girman - za a gani wannan;
- an sanya tsaba a cikin akwati tare da ruwa mai ɗora kuma a ajiye shi a cikin wurin dumi don kwanaki da yawa.
Itace iri tayi girma tsawon lokaci. Lokaci na farko na farko yana ƙaruwa ne kawai da 10 cm a kowace shekara. Amma daga shekara ta uku fara girma da sauri.
Kwanan wata na sauka a yankuna daban-daban
Duk wani seedlings - daga itace, yankan, harbe, daga tsaba a cikin Tsakiyar Turai na Rasha ana shuka su duka a cikin bazara (tsakiyar Afrilu) da kaka (tsakiyar Oktoba). Ga Yankin Moscow, waɗannan sharuɗɗan ya kamata a daidaita su don kwanaki 5-7, don yankin Arewa maso Yamma - don kwanaki 7-10 a cikin yanayin lokacin zafi - a cikin bazara kusa da ƙarshen Afrilu, a cikin kaka kusa da farkon Oktoba. Kudancin ƙasa na Black Earth, waɗannan kwanakin an karkatar da su ta fuskar. A can nesa, a farkon saukowa ana za'ayi a cikin bazara kuma daga baya a cikin fall.
Sauran fasahar aikin gona don kulawa ta hawtho iri daya ce ga duk yankuna na Rasha, inda hawthorn ke jin daɗi, gami da Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Siffofin Kulawa
Duk da juriya da rashin daidaituwa, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin mafi kyau hawthorn yana haɓaka da kyau.
- A lokacin da dasa shuki a fili ba safai kasa, shi wajibi ne don gabatar da high quality-humus da itace ash cikin rami dasa a cikin kudi na 0.5 l 10 a kowace ƙasa.
- Hawthorn zai buƙaci taimakon ku a cikin mahaukaci - a lokacin rani a cikin tsananin fari fari, ya zama dole don sanyaya ƙasa da kyau bisa ga tsinkayar kambi. A cikin hunturu, sanyi a ƙasa -40game daC, musamman ma masu tsawo, kuna buƙatar jefa gangar jikin tare da dusar ƙanƙara gwargwadon iko.
- Idan a lokacin rani shuka har yanzu kwari ke kaiwa, wanda ba kasafai yake ba, zakuyi amfani da hanyoyin da aka bada shawara musamman ga kowane irin kwaro. Amma ga masu farawa, zaku iya ƙoƙarin warware matsalar a cikin mafi sauƙi - don gari da rawanin tare da cakuda ƙura taba da ash ash a cikin rabo 1: 1.
Mai jan tsami
A cikin sararin samaniya mai haske, hawthorn, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana kafa kambi daidai da kansa. Sabili da haka, kawai a tsawon shekaru na buƙatar tsabtace jini da rigakafin tsufa. Tare da datti mai tsabta, duk bushe, karye da lalatattun an cire su.
Anti-tsufa pruning ake bukata domin bushes tare da shekaru nagari. An cire tsoffin rassan 1-2. Madadin haka, sababbi za su yi girma su kuma ba da amfani.
Wani lokaci, idan daji yayi girma lokacin farin ciki, ya zama dole don cire rassan cikin gida don haɓaka haske a cikin shuka da kuma ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itace.
Trimming na ado iri
Trimming na ado bushes ne yake aikata don gaba daya daban-daban dalilai - kana bukatar ka ba kambi da ake so siffar. Hawthorn yana canja wurin kowane ɗanɗana pruning cikin sauri kuma yana haifar da sababbin harbe. Bayar da kowane irin nau'i na daji ya fi na sauran tsirrai girma. Kuna iya samun kambi a cikin nau'i na ball ko ma square, amma wannan zai buƙaci yin pruning kawai, amma kuma yankan ganye da harbe, kuma sau da yawa a kakar.
Ta hanyar kansa, hawthorn na iya girma duka a cikin daji, da kuma irin itace.
Don ba da tabbacin hawthorn a cikin nau'i na itace, daga farkon haɓakar fararen seedling, suna yanke duk rassan da ke zuwa daga ƙasa, ban da ɗaya, tsakiya, mafi iko da madaidaiciya. Kuna iya fara juyawa daji zuwa itace a wani lokaci mai zuwa, amma ta yin hakan zaku rage rawanin shuka sau da yawa. Sannan gangar jikin guda zata yi sabon rassa, amma zai dauki shekaru.
Ana yin datsa da manyan rassa a cikin sanyin sanyi, lokacin da babu kwararar ruwan sama. Abun aski, ya yi akasin haka, a lokacin dumi na girma.
Don samar da hawthorn a kan kara, ya kamata a fara yin kwalliyar farko da wuri-wuri.
Abubuwan Buƙatar Lantarki da Fitiran Rayuwa
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin amfani da maɓuɓɓuka na itacen hawthorn kamar fences na halitta, wanda ba zai yiwu ba saboda ƙayayuwa. Koyaya, inji yana son ingantaccen haske, kuma shinge yana buƙatar dasa shuki mai yawa. A cikin inuwa, yana yin fure da 'ya'ya masu mummunar muni. Tsarin tushen tushe yana buƙatar sarari da tsarin saukowa na akalla 3-4 m daga juna, kuma mafi dacewa kusan 5 m.
Tabbas, zaku iya dasa itaciyar hawthorn tare da katanga mai ƙarfi, amma a ƙarshe zaku sami busasshen daji na tsire-tsire waɗanda aka zalunta, kuna yin gasa don haskaka haske a kowane bangare, gami da bayan shafin. Dole ne a yi kwalliyar bushes ɗin a kai a kai, a datsa, a haƙa tushen ci gaban ƙasa a dukkan hanyoyin, a yanka sau da yawa a lokacin bazara. Kuma wannan aiki ne da yawa kuma lokaci, musamman idan ka yi la’akari da cewa dole ne ka yi aiki tare da rassan da ke da sauƙin cutar.
Wani shinge na hawthorn yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali
Bidiyo: fasali na girma na hawthorn
Reviews a kan nono na hawthorn
Kyakkyawan ɗanɗano mai kyau da kuma babban adadin Arnoll, tare da ceri mai kyau - akwai ɗaya. A bikin, sun ba da 'yan itace da yawa, yanzu na adana su a cikin cellar garejin kuma in shirya shuka su a cikin bazara a kan tsire-tsire da aka riga aka dasa a yankin na. Na yi mamakin girman girman berries, kuma ban bar ɗanɗanar ƙasa ba - amma kusan babu tsaba!
matchevik //www.forumhouse.ru/threads/133285/
Kuna iya yaduwa iri iri na hawthorn. Amma a lokaci guda, dole ne ku jira tsawon lokaci don farawa don fruiting kuma babu wanda ya tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire za su sake maimaita mahaifiyar shuka a cikin halayensu. Alurar rigakafi galibi ana amfani da ita don kimanta lokacin fruiting da yaduwar nau'ikan da kuke so.
Andy //forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=4161&start=15
Lokacin da maƙwabcinmu ya shuka hawthorn, ɗansa ya ce ba zai jira sakamakon ba. Kuma sun sami nasarar har zuwa m 4. Matsalar tana ɗaya - sun girma a shekara ta biyu. An yi mini rigakafi, yana da sauƙin a sami rigakafin. Na dasa ja tare da manyan kasusuwa a baƙar fata da kan itacen ash.
Raven //www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=366300
Hawthorn shuka ne mai ban sha'awa! Ba wai kawai yana samar da kyakkyawan shinge ba wanda zai iya canza shi ba, ya kuma jure wa kusan kowane yanayi da kowane ƙasa, kawai yana buƙatar ɗauka tushe. Bugu da kari, yana yarda da shading (rana, bangare inuwa). Tsuntsaye iri iri suna da iri da kuma girki, tare da launuka daban-daban na furanni, tare da launuka na kaka mai haske. Akwai nau'ikan hybrids na Terry.
Kifin zinari //www.catalogdesign.ru/forum/thread257.html
Hawthorn ya cancanci girmamawa. Idan wani daji na wannan shuka ya tsiro a cikin lambun ku, tuna cewa wannan kyauta ce ta zahiri, taska ce mai daɗin ci, kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ba mu lura da su kuma ba sa godiya. Kuma za su iya ƙarfafa ƙarfi da lafiyarsu. Shuka hawthorn ba shi da wahala, har ma da fararen lambu zai jimre da ka'idojin kulawa mai sauƙi.
