Abu ne mai sauki mutum yayi kyakkyawan karas. Yana nufin amfanin gona tare da jinkirin jinkirin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin bushewar yanayi za a iya ɓace a cikin lambu. Kuma idan kun shuka su da yawa, to, idan yanayi mai kyau, akasin haka, za a buƙaci maɓallin thinning da yawa. Saboda haka, shi wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar yanayi don saurin shuka na shuka kuma shuka su idan ya yiwu ba lokacin farin ciki ba.
Shiri kasar gona da gadaje
Kafin ka fara shirya gadaje don karas, kana buƙatar sanin manyan abubuwan fasahar noma ta, musamman:
- Karas dole ne ya yi girma a cikin rana: har ma a cikin inuwa mai ɗanɗano yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa;
- mafi kyawun magabata don karas sune cucumbers, dankali, kabeji, tafarnuwa, da kuma magabata mafi kyau da maƙwabta a cikin lambu su ne albasa;
- kada ku dasa karas bayan faski, Dill, seleri, da kuma bayan karas kansu;
- don samun farkon girbi, zaku iya shuka karas a farkon lokacin, kuma har ma kafin hunturu, amma don lokacin hunturu kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau'ikan marigayi, kuma ku shuka irin zuriyarsu kawai bayan yayi dumama: ba a farkon ƙarshen Afrilu ba.
Lokacin zabar ƙasa, ya kamata ka san cewa karas sun fi son gilashin loam ko loam. Zai iya girma har cikin yashi, amma a kan yumɓu na yumɓu, amfanin gona zai zama ƙarami da mummuna. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, ana yin gyara tun kafin a shuka, gabatar da adadi mai yawa na yashi, peat da takin mai-kyau. Shafin ya kamata ya zama lebur, ba tare da ciyawa ba, an haƙa shi sau biyu: a cikin fall kuma nan da nan kafin shuka.
Madadin karas da gadaje albasa, a yaƙar albasa da ƙannen karas yadda ya kamata
A lokacin tonon kaka, ana ƙara takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, amma ko kaɗan ba sai a fitar da taki. Daga taki, za a sami amfanin gona da yawa tare da filoli masu yawa, kadan mai kama da karas na al'ada, zai zama da wahala a yi amfani da su, kuma ba za a adana su da kyau ba. A cikin kaka suna kawo tsohuwar humus (1 m guga2) da kuma lita na itace ash. Amma mafi kyau, idan har an gabatar da humus a shekara kafin karas: don cucumbers, dankali ko kabeji. Kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin karas, zai isa ya ƙara ash kuma, mai yiwuwa, ɗan ƙaramin ma'adinai mai hadaddun (misali, 20-30 g na azofoska a 1 m2). Game da kasa mai acidic, an daɗe da alli, alli mai tsami ko garin dolomite.
Cigaban kaka mai ban tsoro na ƙasa yana tono ƙasa ba tare da fasa ɓarna ba, saboda a cikin hunturu ƙasar tana tozartar da mafi kyawun, kwari da tsaba mai mutu, kuma danshi mai dusar ƙanƙara shine mafi kyau a gudanar da bazara. Wannan dabarar ba ta dace da gadaje karas ba: tana buƙatar sako-sako sosai, ƙasa mai laushi. Tabbas, za a aiwatar da aiki na ƙarshe a cikin bazara, amma idan ana sa ran yin shuka sosai a farkon, to ya cancanci niƙa ginin tsarin ƙasa a cikin kaka.
Aikace-aikacen peat, sawdust ko spruce needles, har da yashi mai ƙoshin wuta, yana taimakawa loosening ƙasa.
A cikin bazara, da zaran kasar ta ba da damar yin aiki, ya kamata a zubar da wani bayani na sarkar sulfate (1 tbsp.spoon a cikin guga na ruwa), bayan haka yakamata a sake sarrafa shi tare da tafiya tare da kowane mai noma. Bayan wancan tsari ridges. A cikin yankuna maras kyau, ba a tashe su ba, kuma inda ake yawan samun ruwa sama sama, tsaunuka suna da tsawo 20-25 cm. Fasaha ya dogara da girman mai gadin lambu: kodayaushe dole ne a fitar da karas, kuma wani lokacin bakin ciki, don haka bai kamata ku dafa don sanya dadi ba. layuka sun fi 1,0-1.2 m.
Nisa tsakanin plantings na karas
Amma game da tsarin shuka karas, tabbas zamu iya magana ne kawai game da nisan dake tsakanin layuka. An shirya furfura a lokacin shuka a 15-20 cm daga juna, a sanya su a gefen gadaje: wannan ya fi dacewa daga yanayin hangen weeding da kwance. Nisa tsakanin tsaba ana iya kiyaye shi kawai a yanayin saukan tsaba: irin waɗannan granules suna da girma, ana iya shuka su daban daban. A wannan yanayin, tsakanin tsaba suna barin 7-10 cm.
Idan tsararrakin talakawa ne, komai kokarinka, zai zama da wuya a yi ba tare da nasiha ba, kawai za mu yi kokarin shuka su ne ta hanyar da ta dace. Daidai ne, ta kaka, har zuwa lokacin cikakken girbi, tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya kasance 10-15 cm. Amma duk lokacin rani zamu fitar da karas don abinci kamar yadda ya cancanta! Don haka, shuka ya kamata ya zama ya zama mafi yawan lokuta.
Ba da daɗewa ba kafin girbin kaka, ƙwayar tushen balagaggu kada ta yi tsani da juna; wannan dole ne a la'akari lokacin da shuka tsaba da kuma thinning na seedlings
Kullum ku sanya rangwame akan gaskiyar cewa tsiro bazai zama 100% ba. Sabili da haka, idan an yi shuka na farko wanda ya sa tsakanin ƙwayayen da aka bar 2.0-2.5 cm, wannan yana da kyau. Shuka zuwa zurfin 1.5-3.0 cm, gwargwadon ƙarancin ƙasa da sauyin yanayi: shuka farfajiya a yankuna mara ƙarfi na iya haifar da mutuwar zuriya daga fari, kuma mai zurfi cikin ƙasa mai nauyi - sa ya kasance da wuya tsaba su shuka.
Karas iri shiri
Ana kiran tsaba karas a matsayin “mai-saurin-bushewa”: an shuka shi a cikin bushe, suna tsiro na dogon lokaci: har ma a yanayin yanayi mafi kyau, farkon tsiro zai iya bayyana ne kawai bayan makonni 2-3, kuma a farkon lokacin bazara - bayan wata daya. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa an rufe saman tsaba tare da ƙazamar ethereal mai yawa, kuma don cire shi ko a sauƙaƙe shi, dole ne a shirya tsaba.
Sauƙaƙewa (kin amincewa) na tsaba ta takamaiman nauyi ba shi da hannu. Abubuwan ƙwaya suna da yawa, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, kuma idan, alal misali, ga cucumbers ko tumatir, girgiza cikin ruwan gishiri bayan mintuna 5-7 yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ƙarancin tsaba za su iyo kuma waɗanda suke da kyau za su nutsar, don karas wannan adadin ba ya aiki: kuna buƙatar jiƙa tsawon sa'o'i da yawa . Kodayake, ba shakka, shirye-shiryen farko ya kunshi daidai cikin soaking.
Amma suna yin hakan daban. Ana sa tsaba a cikin zane mai bushe a ɗakin zafin jiki na kwanaki 3-4, yana busar da shi yayin da yake bushewa. Wannan yana yin saurin haɓakawa, amma soaking ba shine hanya mafi inganci ba. Kuna iya bi da tsaba da ruwan zafi (amma ba ruwan zãfi ba, kamar yadda za'a iya samunsa a wasu labaran!). Nitsar da su cikin jaka a ruwa tare da zazzabi na kimanin 50 game daC, jira don sanyaya ruwan.
Yana da kyau a yi shuka ƙwayar karas ta hanyar watsa su da iska. Idan aka bar iska a cikin ruwan da aka sanya tsaba, a cikin sa'o'i 8-10 daga damfara na akwatin kifaye, za a cire harsashin ether kusan ba tare da saura ba, kuma tsaba zai yi girma bayan mako guda baya.
Wasu lambu suna shuka tsaba, amma idan kun fara wannan aikin, to ba zai zama da sauƙi a raba su ba
Seedsarfafa mai karas mai yiwuwa yanki ne na shawara wanda ba shi da amfani: tumatir ba sa tsoron sanyi, kuma abin da ke da amfani ga barkono da tumatir, karas ba shi da amfani.
Ana shirya tumatir don shuka shine takobi mai kaifi biyu. A cikin yanayi mai matsala, zai iya zama mai cutarwa. Don haka, a aikace na, ban taɓa sanin ko karas zai yi nasara a wannan shekara ba. An mafi yawanci ana shuka shi a watan Mayu: Abubuwan amfanin gona na danshi a cikin ƙasa yawanci sun isa don yin shuka, amma karas ya girma daga farkon amfanin gona a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da har yanzu ba za ku iya sanya shi a cikin cellar ba. Kuma a watan Mayu a yankinmu yawanci akwai zafi 30 game daTare da ba digo na ruwan sama. Ga ziyartar kasar kawai a karshen mako, wannan noma ne mai hadarin gaske.
Idan irin ya yi yaushi, za su yi kyankyasai, zafi da fari za su lalata su. Wannan ya shafi kowane ƙananan tsaba: faski, godetia, clarkia, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ba sa shuka a kowace shekara. Abubuwan bushe bushe kuma zasu iya kwanciya a cikin ƙasa, a dabi'ance suna shirya ƙyanƙyashe har sai lokacin yanayi mai kyau: yana da ɗan abin dogara. A tsakiyar layi, inda akwai ƙarancin matsaloli tare da laima, tsaba har yanzu sun fi kyau don shuka.
Bidiyo: shirya tsaba na karas don shuka
Hanyoyin ƙasa
Duk lokacin da aka shuka irin karas, ba zai yuwu a yi ba tare da karin haske ko kadan. Haka ne, wannan ba dadi ba ne: za a sami sababbin samfuran “ƙwayar cuta”. Amma ƙoƙarin rage yawan ayyukan da ake ɗaukar lokaci don cire ƙarin seedlings, kuma a lokaci guda ajiye akan tsaba, mai yiwuwa ne kuma dole. Mutanenmu sun fito da hanyoyi da yawa na yin wannan.
Yanzu akan siyarwa akwai na'urori daban-daban kamar na inji masu aiki. Ya dace a yi amfani da su, layuka har ma, nisa tsakanin tsaba shine abin da kuke buƙata, zurfin seeding iri ɗaya ne. Abu ne mai sauki kuma mai dacewa don aiki, amma tsada kawai, kuma masu lambu suna zuwa da wasu, dabarun tattalin arziki.
Shin yana da daraja sayi tsaba karas dragee
Kamar tsaba mafi yawan kayan lambu da furanni, ana kara sayar da karas a cikin manya-manyan. Wannan yana nufin cewa masana'anta suna rufe su da kwasfa na musamman wanda ya fashe a ƙarƙashin yanayin danshi na ƙasa. Tun da girman girman giram akalla 2-3 mm, yana da sauƙin sauƙayar shuka su daban-daban, a nesa da ake buƙata. Wannan gaba daya yana kawar da buƙatar yin kyan gani. Nagari zurfin shuka - 3 cm.
Abubuwan da aka yanyanka suna da yawa, idan kuma ana so, ana iya shirya ɗaya a lokaci guda
Shin yana da ma'ana saya irin wannan tsaba? Idan babu matsaloli tare da kuɗi, ba shakka: yana da matukar dacewa, kawai kuna buƙatar samun damar shayar da gonar nan da nan bayan an shuka, kuma daga baya, har sai fitowar su. In ba haka ba, halakar da kwasfa a mahimmin lokaci na iya zama a hankali, kuma seedsa seedsan da suka yi tuntuɓe, sun gaza shuka ta, za su mutu. Karas daga irin wannan tsaba ya fito kusan kamar daga tsararrun tsaba, kwanaki 15-20 bayan shuka.
Tsi saukarwa
Daya daga cikin hanyoyin ingantacciyar hanya da tattalin arziki ita ce a shuka karas a kan tef. Wasu lokuta suna amfani da m tef na girman da ake buƙata, amma na dogon lokaci matan mu matan sun fito da dabarar shuka iri akan takarda bayan gida. Bayan sun shirya irin wannan tef a gaba, a kan yamma maraice na hunturu, a cikin bazara sun sa shi a cikin tsagi game da 3 cm zurfi, ruwa ya yalwace kuma ya rufe shi da ƙasa.
Mai danniyar tsaba a takarda abune mai daukar zafi amma amintacce ne
Yawancin lokaci glued a kan tsaba na tef tare da nesa na 1-2-2.5 cm. Don yin wannan, a yanka ɗan takarda: an zaɓi tsayinsa daidai yake da tsawon gadajen da aka gabatar. Suna dafa man sitaci na yau da kullun, suna gabatar da ɗan ƙaramin boric acid a ciki (tsunkule a kowace lita na 1 bayani). Bayan an shimfiɗa takarda akan tebur, ana amfani da liƙa daga dropper a wuraren da ake so kuma ana saka tsaba a hankali cikin waɗannan saukad. Bayan bushewa, a hankali ninka takarda a cikin mirgine kuma adana har sai lokacin bazara.
Canjin hanyar shine shuka tsaba a cikin adiko na goge baki. Komai daidai suke, amma suna ɗaukar dabbobin wando na wani girman da ya dace kuma suna amfani da manna na liƙa a cikin layuka da yawa, tare da nisa tsakanin layuka na 15-20 cm Zai yiwu bisa ga wani makirci, 5 × 5 cm, ga wa ya fi dacewa.
Tabbas, lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar, dole ne mutum ya tabbata cewa ƙwayawar ƙwayar zata kasance kusa da 100%, don kada aikin ya ɓata, kuma babu "m tudu" akan gado. Kuna buƙatar amfani da tsaba kawai amintattu.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki da kintinkiri tare da karas a cikin lambu
Shuka da yashi
Shuka tsaba karas, kamar kowane ƙananan tsaba, an daɗe ana yin shi da yashi. Komai yana da sauki sosai: an 'yanyanka "dabbobin" tare da kowane adadin dacewa da yashi mai kyau. Misali, ana ɗaukar kimanin lita 1 na yashi a kan cokalin kayan zaki na tsaba (kimanin wannan adadin yanzu an saka shi cikin kunshin) (kowane lambu yana da nasa rabo). Yana da mahimmanci cewa yashi yana da tsabta kuma ya bushe, saboda abu mafi mahimmanci shine a haɗu da kayan masarufi yadda yakamata a rarraba iri a cikin yashi.
Bugu da ari akwai zaɓuɓɓuka. Wasu masoya suna shuka wannan cakuda a cikin bushewa, yayin da wasu ke sanya ɗan ƙaramin abu kuma suna watsa “ɓangaren litattafan almara” a gefen gungumen. A ganina, shuka bushe cakuda yafi dacewa da halitta. A wane yanki na gado kuke buƙatar yayyafa cakuda da aka shirya, zaku iya karanta shi kawai akan kunshin tare da tsaba.
Tsarin karas kusan ba a gani a cikin yashi, kuma shuka ya zama yashi yashi a cikin tsagi
Tsohuwa tare da liƙa
An sanya manƙa ɗin daga dankalin turawa (ko masara) sitaci ko alkama, sanya shi ruwa. Misali, a 1 tbsp. 1auki 1 lita na ruwan sanyi a cokali na gari, kawo zuwa tafasa tare da motsawa da sanyi zuwa 30-35 game daC.
Lokacin motsawa tare da rafi na bakin ciki, ana zubar da tsaba a cikin manna mai dumi (yana yiwuwa a shirya tsaba a 1 lita na manna), haɗu da kyau, canja wuri zuwa ƙaramar ruwa can ba tare da strainer ko cikin kettle kuma zuba cakuda cikin shirye mai tsagi tare da ƙaddara kwarara na farko.
Kamar yadda yake cikin yashi, dole ne a rarraba tsaba a daidai a cikin manna.
Shuka ƙwayar karas a cikin jaka
Shuka "a cikin wata yar jaka" wata dabara ce da aka haɗu da haɗakar ƙwayar cuta ta dabi'a da tsintsaye da taro tare da man yashi. A cikin jaka da aka yi da kayan halitta ko a cikin gauze, ana binne tsaba a farkon bazara a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan 15 cm, yana yin alamar kusa da shi. Don kwanaki 10-15 a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, ƙwayoyin suna kara kuma sun fara kyan gani. A wannan lokacin, an haye jakar kuma an zuba tsaba a cikin kwano.
A cikin kwano, an haɗu da tsaba tare da yashi kuma an shuka cakulan a cikin tsagi mai kyau: tsaba waɗanda ke manne wa da tilas lallai ne buƙatar danshi, za su yi saurin tashi nan ba da jimawa ba, bayan mako guda. Madadin yashi, zaku iya ɗaukar sitaci: akwai canjin hanyar tare da bushewar sitaci, akwai kuma tare da ruwa; a cikin maganar ta ƙarshe, ba a shuka tsaba a zahiri ba, amma "an zubo" a gado.
Bidiyo: shirya tsaba don shuka a cikin jaka
Syringe azaman na'ura don shuka karas
A kan sayarwa ne mafi sauƙin jagorar "masu shirya" don ƙwayar karas. Jirgin ruwa ne mai filastik tare da na'urar ƙirar mitari wanda ke ƙasa. Lokacin da aka matse piston, a hankali ana matse tsaba daga cikin jirgin.
A zahiri, mai siyar da abin da aka saya yana kama da sirinji na yau da kullun
Tun da na'urar ta kashe kimanin 100-150 rubles, yan lambu suna amfani da sirinjin likita da aka yi amfani da shi don wannan dalili, wanda yake aiki daidai. Yana da mahimmanci cewa diamita na kanti ya dace da girman tsaba: damar ɗaukar sirinji an ɗauka 10-20 ml.
Shuka karas ta amfani da tray kwai
Lokacin amfani da kwali ko filastik kwalayen filastik, wurin da ramuka a kan gado ya zama daidaitacce, wanda lambu ke amfani dashi lokacin da suke shuka kayan lambu iri-iri. Za a ɗanɗaɗa lattice cikin ƙasa wanda aka kwance, inda ta bar baya da ramuka na zurfin da ake buƙata. A cikin wannan ramuka kuma shuka iri. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da wannan hanyar lokacin shuka radishes, amma don karas, liyafar ba ta da kyau. Yawancin lambu suna shuka tsaba 2 a cikin kowane rami, sannan kuma har yanzu suna fitar da ƙarin seedlings.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da tire kawai azaman kayan sa alama
Gyara hanyar ita ce zaɓi yayin da ake samun tarkuna marasa yawa da yawa. Sannan an yi ƙaramin rami a cikin kowace tantanin halitta (don saurin huɗa), sannan a kowane tebur da ya dace, ana zuba ƙasa a cikin dukkanin ƙwayoyin kuma ana shuka tsaba a cikinsu. Bayan haka, ana ajiye akwatunan a cikin gado don haka ya rage har zuwa lokacin girbi.
Kula da karas
Idan karas sun girma da kyau, kula da shi mai sauƙi ne. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da ƙarancin ƙasa kafin kuma bayan fitowar, a guji bushewa da bushewar ƙasa. Idan ba zai yiwu a shuka iri ɗaya ba, tare da bayyanar ganye na farko na gaskiya, ana aiwatar da sikelin farkon, yana barin 2-3 cm tsakanin tsirrai. Thinning a karo na biyu bayan wani makonni 3: fitar da tsire-tsire za a iya sanya gaba daya a cikin miya.
Ruwa na karas na yau da kullun wajibi ne: kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance matsakaici danshi a zurfin har zuwa cm 30. Daga ƙarshen watan Agusta an rage raguwa, kuma makonni 3 kafin a lalata tushen amfanin gona, an dakatar da su. Tivationasa ƙasa da sarrafa sako suna da mahimmanci a duk lokacin bazara. A karo na farko da suke ciyar da karas a farkon lokacin bazara, na biyu - bayan wata 2. Abun da ke cikin miya shine ash ash (gilashin kan guga na ruwa) ko azofoska (1-2 a kowace guga).
Nasarar girma a cikin karas sun dogara da shuka yadda ya kamata. Dole ne a yi wannan a kan lokaci kuma, idan zai yiwu, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba.Ta hanyar dasa shuki, yin sanadi mai mahimmin mahimmanci ne, kuma ɓatar da ranar ƙarshe na wannan aikin ya cutar da tsirrai.
