Blackcurrant wata al'ada ce ta musamman a cikin kowace girmamawa. Ba asirin bane cewa berries na wannan shuka sune ainihin ɗakunan ajiya na bitamin da ma'adanai, ganye da ganyayyaki sune kayan abinci masu mahimmanci ba kawai a dafa abinci ba, har ma a magani. A bushes wannan al'ada fara wari m a cikin bazara daya daga cikin na farko har sai da marigayi kaka kaka murna ido tare da lush greenery. Da kyau, don yan lambu unpreentious blackcurrant shine ainihin farin ciki, saboda namowa da kulawa da bushes ba ya haifar da matsala da yawa. Amma, kamar kowane al'ada, baƙar fata yana buƙatar sabuntawa akan lokaci. Haifuwarsa aiki ne mai sauki kuma mai yuwuwa koda ga masu farawa. Babban abu shine sanin yadda ake yin daidai.
Farfadowar baƙar fata daga zuriya: menene fa'idodi
Akwai ra'ayi cewa currants zai iya ba da 'ya'ya na shekaru ashirin ko sama da haka kuma tsunduma cikin sabunta shi gaba daya ma'ana. Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Matsakaicin aikin blackcurrant ana lura dashi daga shekara ta huɗu zuwa ta takwas na rayuwa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yawan aiki ya ragu, berries ya zama ƙarami, adadinsu yana raguwa. Bugu da kari, tsohuwar shuka da ta raunana ita ce ta fi saukin kamuwa da mummunan tasirin cututtuka da cututtukan fata. Hakanan bai kamata mu manta da cewa a karkashin daji mai tsawo da aka dade ana amfani da ƙasa. Saboda haka, buƙatar sabunta wannan al'ada ta wanzu.
Kai tsaye ka yada blackcurrant ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- yan itace (ragin tsira na 85-90%);
- farashi (ragin tsira na 100%);
- rarraba daji (rarar tsira daga 100%);
Kuna iya shuka daji na currants ko da daga tsaba. Sai kawai yuwuwar cewa tsaba za su gaji dukkan kaddarorin iri-iri kuma daji zai cika, ya ragu sosai.
Mafi mashahuri, duk da rikitarwa na tsari da ƙarancin tsira, shine yanke. Wannan an bayyana shi da gaskiyar cewa yana yiwuwa a sami ɗimbin kayan dasa. Amma mafi mahimmancin amfani shine cewa obtainedan itacen da aka samo daga tsiron suna riƙe duk halaye masu ɗimbin yawa na mahaifiyar daji.
Abun girbi: yaushe kuma ta yaya
'Yan lambu sun girbe girbe mai girke girken ba komai a cikin shekara sai dai lokacin hunturu. Koyaya, yan itace a cikin kowane kakar yana da nasa nuances. A lokacin rani, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana amfani da kore kore don yanke, kuma a cikin bazara da kaka suna sumbatu. A kowane hali, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar dajin mahaifiyar da ta dace.
Yanke a lokacin rani
Mafi kyawun lokacin girbi a lokacin bazara bai wuce tsakiyar Yuni ba kuma daga baya fiye da shekaru goma na farko na Yuli, i.e., lokacin da currant yake a matakin girma. Green cuttings an yi su ne daga ingantaccen haɓakar shekara-shekara, tare da sashin da ke ƙasa da maɗaukakiyar tsaka-tsakin da ba ta karyewa lokacin da ake bijiro da tsari mai zuwa:
- kayan aiki (pruner ko wuka) ana bi da shi da ruwan zãfi;
- an zaɓi harbe da aka zaɓa daga daji;
- ba a yi amfani da saman da tsayayyen ɓangaren harba kamar ƙwallaye ba (saman zai ɗauki tushe da sauri, amma ba zai yiwu ba hunturu, kuma kasan ba zai yi tushe ba);
- an yanka itace 15-20 cm tsayi daga tsakiyar ɓangaren harbin da wani yanke yanke, a kowane ɗayan abin da ya kamata aƙalla ganye uku ya kasance;
- an cire ganye guda biyu a ƙasa tare da gurnani, an bar ɗaya bisa uku daga babba na gaba, har sai danshi ya bushe ba da sauri.
Tsawon tsintsin daga kore ya kamata ya zama 15-20 cm
Yankan shirye. Dasa su nan da nan. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, an sanya su na ɗan lokaci a cikin ruwa kuma an rufe su da polyethylene.
Babban zafi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga kore kore, saboda haka yana da shawarar dasa su a cikin greenhouse, a cikin matsanancin yanayi - a cikin greenhouse. Kafin dasawa, dole ne a shirya kasar gona - don sassauta da ruwa. An binne yankan ƙasa a cikin ƙasa 2 ƙananan ƙananan dole a wani kusurwa na 450. Sannan suna buƙatar a mulled tare da peat 3-5 cm Layer kuma rufe tare da fim.
Dole ne ya zama dole ya dasa tsire-korayen kore. A karkashin hasken rana kai tsaye, harbe-harbe kawai "weld".
Har sai an kirkiro tushen Tushen, kore kore yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali:
- Tsarin shayarwa akalla kowace rana;
- iska a kowace rana don awoyi da yawa;
- fesa ruwa don kula da yanayin zafi;
- riguna na sama a cikin nau'in takin mai magani na nitrogen tare da mitar sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2-3.
Bayan makonni uku, muna bincika ko tsire-tsire sun samo tushe. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar cire saman haƙarƙarin. Idan tushen ya faru, to za a ji ɗan juriya.
Za'a iya maye gurbin fim mai minian ƙaramin-griin tare da kwalayen filastik wanda aka girbe.
Wata daya bayan dasa, an cire polyethylene, kuma a cikin kaka, ana dasa shuki ga mazaunin zama na dindindin.
Yankan tare da tsarin tushen haɓaka suna shirye don dasawa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa
A shekara mai zuwa, a lokacin bazara, za a ja dogon tsalle ɗaya daga cikin tsiron, sabili da haka, don samun cikakken daji, masana sun ba da shawarar dasa shuki 3-4 a cikin rami.
Bidiyo: Itace sandar baƙar fata
Yadda za a yanka baki currants a cikin bazara da kaka
Yawancin mazaunan rani suna haɗuwa da ɓarke baƙar fata tare da shirin girkin su a bazara. A wannan lokacin, har ma da kaka, ana girbe ganyayyaki daga mummunar harbe shekara daya-biyu (da diamita kada ya kasance ƙasa da 5 mm). Twigs 15-20 cm tsayi an yanke su daga tsakiya. Thea'idar ƙirƙirar yankuna iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda ake yankan kore: an yanke sare a 1 cm sama da koda, da ƙananan ƙananan nan da nan a ƙarƙashin koda.
Tsarin girbi na yanke daga huhun huhun
Girbi a cikin kaka kaka ba da shawarar don dasa a cikin ƙasa - sun kasance wanda ake iya shakkar aukuwarsa su tsira da hunturu. A wannan yanayin, ana iya adanar su har sai lokacin bazara ko tsiro a cikin substrate.
Yana yiwuwa a adana itace na huhun a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi: a cikin ginshiki, a cikin firiji, ko ma a cikin dusar kankara. Amma da farko suna buƙatar shirya. Saboda danshi ba ya ƙafe da sauri, ana tsoma tsintsiyar cikin ruwa paraffin ko kakin zuma, sannan a sanya shi cikin polyethylene kuma a cikin wuri mai sanyi har sai lokacin bazara. A lokacin hunturu, zai fi kyau a buɗe ɓarke sau da yawa kuma a bincika ko danshin ya bayyana a wurin kuma idan an rufe sarƙar.
Storage na currant cuttings a cikin hunturu na bukatar su na farko shiri
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don jira ta hanyar dasa shuki na dasa shine a dasa su a cikin substrate. Don yin wannan, dole ne:
- Zaɓi kwantena na mutum (tukwane ko tabarau) tare da ƙarar akalla lita 0.5.
- Sanya magudanar ruwa a kasan jirgin ruwa, misali, vermiculite ko perlite.
- Zuba ruwan cakuda da aka shirya daga ƙasa, yashi da peat daidai gwargwado.
- Yada zurfi a kan ƙananan ƙananan buds guda biyu kuma matsi ƙasa a kusa da seedling don kauce wa samuwar voids.
Don ƙirƙirar Tushen, yana da mahimmanci don samar da tsarin zafin jiki da matakin zafi wanda ya dace da shuka. A dakin zazzabi, 'ya'yan itacen za su kasance da dadi sosai, amma za a fesa su sau da yawa - a kalla sau biyu a rana.
A lokacin da fitar da currant petioles a gida, furanni da ovaries na iya bayyana akan rassan. An ba da shawarar a yanke su, tunda fure na shuka a cikin tukwane zai raunana tushen tushe, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da yawan amfanin dajin da aka dasa a ƙasa.
Tare da farko na bazara, za a iya dasa tushen petioles a cikin ƙasa a cikin wani pre-shirye yankin. Babban abu shine yin wannan lokacin da haɗarin sanyi zai zama ƙasa kaɗan.
Yadda za a yanke shi da kyau: karin bayanai
Blackcurrant yana bada kansa sosai ga yaduwar ciyawar. Amma duk da saukin tsarin grafting, bin wasu ƙa'idodi za su iya saurin samun nasara:
- Mun mai da hankali ga zaɓin daji na uwa. Ya kamata ya zama tsire-tsire masu neman lafiya, tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma mafi daɗin ɗanɗano na berries.
- Yanke sun fi kyau a cikin girgije ko da sanyin safiya a raɓo.
- Don mafi kyawun tushen ƙwayoyin petioles, masana sun ba da shawarar soaking su kafin dasa shuki a cikin kayan haɓaka mai haɓaka (alal misali, a cikin "Heteroauxin") a rana.
- A cikin ƙasa stalks dole ne a sanya a wani kwana na 450. Don haka zai zama sauƙi gare su zuwa hunturu.
- Abun da ke cikin ƙasa kuma yana shafar rayuwar ƙwalla. Zai fi kyau amfani da cakuda ƙasa, takin ƙasa da yashi. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara sawdust.
- Na farko makonni uku na watering ya zama yalwatacce da na yau da kullum.
- Yankana wani mahimmin abu ne na yankan farji. Mafi kyau an lura da yarda da danshi na ƙasa a 80%, kuma iska - 90%.
- Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin mazaunin dindindin, dasa shuki yana da mahimmanci. Ya dogara da nau'in currant - don nau'ikan sarari iri iri na buƙatar fiye da na iri tare da kambi madaidaiciya da kunkuntar.
- Yana ba da tsire-tsire har sau 3-4 a kakar. Tsarin takin gargajiya (taki, daskarar tsuntsu) ko ƙari mai daɗaɗɗa (Fertika Lux, Zdraven Turbo a cikin adadin 1 teaspoon a kowace lita 5 na ruwa) sun fi dacewa.
Don haka, lura da waɗannan ka'idoji masu sauƙi, kowa na iya yin girma blackcurrant bushes daga ƙananan ƙananan, haka ma, ba tare da takamaiman kuɗin kuɗin na musamman ba. Mafi mahimmanci shine, yankan ya ba da damar kawai don sake farfado da itacen berry, amma kuma don fadada abun da ke tattare da saiti, yana karɓar harbe da yawa na daji daga maƙwabta.
