Blueberries suna hanzarta maye gurbin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na blue daga kasuwanni. Ya yi kyau, baya samun datti hannun, ana amfani dashi da yawa don dalilai na likita. Wannan tsiron Berry yana girma ne saboda kasuwanci a Amurka, Turai da Ostiraliya. Allan itace da yawa, waɗanda ke bayarwa har zuwa kilogram 10 daga ɗayan daji, musamman sanannu ne. Waɗannan sun haɗa da bluer Patriot.
Tarihin farko
Homelandasar mahaifin Patriot, kamar kowane irin ruwan hoda, shine Arewacin Amurka. An ba da bambance bambancen a garin shakatawa na Beltsville, Maryland. A cikin 1952, a sakamakon giciye-pollination na iri iri Dixi, Michigan LB-1 da Earliblue, an samo seedlings na blueberries masu tsayi, waɗanda aka bambanta su ta hanyar ingantaccen samfuri da kaddarorin kayan adon. Shuka sun ci gaba a cikin sayarwa a 1976. A cikin bikin tunawa da shekaru 200 da ke gab da hadewar jihohin, aka sanya sunayen masu ruwan shuwagabani a matsayin Patriot.
Bayanin berrywallon berrywallon Inuwa
Yankin daji na Patriot yana da tsayi - har zuwa 1.8 m, ya ƙunshi kafaffun kuma ba harbe-harbe masu tsauri ba. Matasa masu ganye suna da launin ja, waɗanda suka manyanta suna da duhu kore. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa marigayi Blight, kara kansa da kuma tushen rot. Patriot, ba kamar yawancin blueberries, ba ƙasa da buƙata akan abun da ya shafi ƙasa da yanayin damina, mai saurin haihuwa. Koyaya, yana ba da girbi mai yawa akan ƙasa mai laushi da ƙwaya, a cikin ɗakin dumi da rana a cikin lambun, kewaye da wasu nau'ikan don mafi kyawun pollination.
Blueberry Patriot yana ba da girbi mai yawa a kan ƙasa mai kwance da ƙasa mai laushi, a cikin ɗumi mai danshi da rana a gonar
Yawancin zai iya jure dusar ƙanƙara har zuwa 35-40 ° C, wanda ya dace da namo a cikin yanayi mai zafi tare da ɗan gajeren sa'o'i. A Patriot farko blooms a shekara ta gaba bayan dasa, amma a lokacin da mafi yawan fruiting ya zo yana da shekaru 5-6 years. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa ya kai 7 kilogiram a kowane daji, mafi girma - 9 kg.
Matsakaicin taro na blueberries Patriot - 4 g
Patriot ya dace don girma a kowane lambu mai zaman kansa da kuma a kan filayen masana'antu. Manyan 'ya'yan itace an girbe su da inji da hannu. Yawancin shine tsakiyar-farkon, fure yana faruwa a watan Mayu, kuma girbi - a tsakiyar watan Yuli (yana wuce har zuwa Agusta). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba - har zuwa 2 cm a diamita, tattara a goge, zaune a kan rassan tam, suna da zagaye flattened siffar. A fata na roba, shuɗi mai haske, jiki mai launin kore, mai daɗi da kamshi. 'Ya'yan itacen Patriot na yau da kullun ne.
Bidiyo: game da fasalulluka na Patriot blueberry iri-iri
Yadda ake girma blueberries
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanayin girma da kulawa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace blue sun banbanta da na yau da kullun currants, gooseberries da raspberries. Musamman, kwayoyin suna contraindicated a cikin Patriot a cikin nau'i na humus, tsinkayen kaza da taki; yana buƙatar acidic (pH 3.5-4.5), ƙasa mai laushi da taƙasa. Rashin bin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan dokokin zai haifar da mutuwar shuka. Patriot yana da fa'idodi mai yawa: juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Kamar yadda masu lambu suka ce, bashi da lafiya da komai. Kusan dukkanin misalan halin haɓakar sauran kayan amfanin gona sun kewaya da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Kwanaki, wuri da matakai na sauka
Mafi kyawun lokaci don dasa shuki ne, kafin farawa, da kaka, bayan faɗuwar ganye. A cikin yankuna na arewacin tare da ɗan gajeren faduwa, ya fi kyau zaɓi bazara. Wurin da ke ƙarƙashin shuɗin blueberries ya kamata ya kasance yana da kyau kuma yana daɗaɗa rana, yayin da kasancewar kare iska a gefen arewa a cikin nau'i na bango, shinge mai shinge ko shinge yana da kyawawa.
Mafi kyawun magabata sune ganyen magarya. Ba za ku iya dasa shuki da shuki bayan amfanin gona wanda aka kawo kwayoyin halitta, ash, lemun tsami, dolomite da abincin ƙashi.
Filin dasa shuki don ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yana cike da cakuda na musamman wanda ba shi da alaƙa da ƙasar talakawa a shafin
Saukowa
- Tono rami mai zurfin 40-50 cm da diamita na 70-80 cm, ko ma mafi kyawu - 1 m. Gaskiyar ita ce, tushen itacen shuɗi ya zama na sama kuma yana yaduwa. Yankin rami mai saukowa, daɗaɗɗɗan blueberry zai sami isasshen ƙasa da ta dace dashi. Idan ramin ya kasance karami, Tushen zai isa ƙasa da sauri, inji zai kamu da cutar chlorosis, zai daina haɓaka, yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma zai ragu. Exasar da aka haƙa ba zai zama da amfani a gare ku ba, za ku iya rarraba shi nan da nan a kan shafin.
- Yada wani tsaftataccen fim, tarhon, ko wani abu akan ƙasa wanda zaku iya haɗa abin da ke ciki tare da felu don cika ramin. Fr a kan shirye saman doki (m) peat, kogin yashi, rotted sawdust na coniferous itatuwa da Mix.
Kuna iya iyakance kanku don peat da sawdust ko peat da yashi daidai gwargwado.
- Cika rami tare da cakuda. Ba shi yiwuwa a tamp wuya, blueberries son lush ƙasar. Kada ku ji tsoron cewa bayan dasa shuki kasar za ta yi sag ba tare da lissafi ba, ana iya gyara yanayin cikin sauƙi ta ƙara peat ko sawdust. Za a iya haɓaka shuɗar blueberries zuwa 10 cm, kuma mazan don tashi zuwa 30 cm a tsayi.
- Kafin dasa, runtse tushen seedling a cikin ruwa na awa daya.
- Idan wani daji na blueberry ya girma a cikin kwandon shara kafin dasawa, to sai a rage gangaren a ruwa, kuma bayan soya, a hankali sai a cire tushen tushen daga cikin akwati a bincika. Yana faruwa koyaushe cewa Tushen ya shiga cikin dunƙule gaba ɗaya, ya kai gindi, lanƙwasa kuma girma cikin ciki. A wannan yanayin, kwance shimfiɗa kuma daidaita asalin sa.
- Sanya rami a tsakiyar ramin shuki girman girman tsarin seedling. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a sanya tushen a kwance, yana nuna hanyoyi daban-daban. Zurfin saukowa ya zama 2-3 cm a kasa da matakin da ya gabata.
- Zuba ruwan acidified (100 ml na 9% teburin ruwan cikin lita 10 na ruwa).
- Ciyawa tare da peat, sawdust, needles ko cakuda waɗannan kayan. Tsawon mulch shine 7-10 cm.
Bidiyo: Dokokin dasa shuki
Watse
Idan ruwan karkashin kasa a cikin yankin ku ya zurfafa zuwa 40-60 cm daga farfajiya, to lallai za ku sha ruwan shabbawan sau da yawa - sau biyu a mako, buhu 2 a gindin daji. An ba da shawarar raba wannan kashi a cikin rabin: bulo ɗaya da safe, ɗayan maraice. Lambunan da ba za su iya ziyartar shafin yanar gizonsu ba don haka a koyaushe sukan shirya ruwan ban ruwa. A kan musamman kwanaki masu zafi, ana iya shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a kan ganye.
Adadin ban ruwa na blueberry ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, girman ramin sauka da iyawar ƙasa
Koyaya, kada ku bi umarnin. Adadin ban ruwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, girman ramin sauka da iyawar ƙasa na shi. Watering ya kamata daga mai iya ruwa tare da strainer haka don kada ya share haske ƙasa. Sau ɗaya a mako, acidify ruwa, kamar yadda lokacin dasa, tare da tebur vinegar ko citric acid (1.5 tbsp. Lita 10 na ruwa). Lura da yawan shan ruwa, yakamata ya shiga zurfi, kuma kada yayi tururi a saman. Bayan an shayar da ruwa, sai a matsi dunƙulen ƙyallen bishiyar ƙasa a cikin dunkulenku. Idan an zub da ruwa na ruwa, wannan na nuna cewa an tsabtace daji. Mulara ciyawa a ƙarƙashinsa, a gaba in rage adadin ruwa. Ka tuna cewa lalata ruwa Tushen yana da haɗari kamar bushewa waje.
Wasu yan lambu suna iyakance ramin dasawa ta hanyar shirya rijiyoyin tare da bango mai hana ruwa (alal misali, dasa shuki a cikin sarewa da ganga masu hatsi). Ana yin wannan ne domin kare tushen tsiran alade daga ƙasa talakawa tare da rashin daidaitaccen acid. A sakamakon haka, a lokacin ruwa sama sosai da ban ruwa, tsaftataccen ruwa, danshi babu wuce gona da iri, tushen ya lalace, tsire-tsire sun mutu.
Siffofin kayan ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu ruwan sanyi
Soilasan da ke ƙarƙashin blueberry ta bambanta da sauran akan rukunin yanar gizonku, saboda haka yana buƙatar kulawa daban:
- kamar yadda daji ke tsiro, fadada rami mai dasa ta hanyar tono rami kusa da ita tare da kewaye da kuma ƙara ƙasa mai acidic. A lokaci guda, Tushen ba zai iya lalacewa ba, wanda ke nufin dole ne a yi digging gaba, kafin girman girma na blueberries. Busharamin Patriot daji da ya mamaye wani fili na ƙasa tare da diamita na kusan 1.5 m, tsarin sa yana da girman daidai;
- a kusa da daji ba shi yiwuwa a sare ciyawa tare da ɗan chopper kuma a kwance ƙasa ƙasa da zurfin cm 3. Tushen ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu zinare ne na sama kuma a zahiri ba sa murmurewa;
- a kai a kai, kamar yadda ƙasa sags, zuba ciyawa, za ka iya tare bushes. Yi amfani da peat, tsararren sawun wuta, zuriyar dabbobi mai ɗaukar hoto. Wadannan kayan acidify kasar gona, kuma lokacin farin cikinsu Layer yana hana saurin fitar danshi daga danshi kuma yana hana ci gaba da ciyawa.
Bidiyo: yadda kuma tare da abin da za a mulmula shuɗin fure
Manyan miya
Takin takin gargajiya na shuki Patriot shima yakamata ya zama acid. Nitrogen-dauke da bada shawarar don amfani sau uku a kowace kakar tare da tazara daga makonni 2, fara daga farkon bazara kuma ya ƙare ranar 1 ga Yuli.
Abubuwa na saman miya:
- ciyawa daga daskararren bishiyar bishiyoyi.
- jiko na ganye dauke da acid (rhubarb, zobo, acid mai tsami, sara, zuba ruwa, barin kwanaki 1-2 kuma zuba a ƙarƙashin daji);
- sulfate ammonium: 1 tsp akan 10 l na ruwa.
Yawan suturar saman ruwa yana dogara da yawan danshi na ƙasa - 5-10 lita a cikin kowane tsiro. A cikin rabin rabin bazara, ƙara 100 g na superphosphate, 15 g na magnesium sulfate, 2 g na potassium sulfate da zinc sulfate a kowane daji (narke a cikin lita 10 na ruwa ko yayyafa a ƙasa, zuba da ciyawa).
Don ciyarwa, cakuda da aka yi da kayan amfanin gona don amfanin gona na fure-fure ko amfanin gona Heather, alal misali, domin azaleas, kuma ya dace.
Zaɓin mafi sauƙi don ciyar shine siyan takamaiman takin kuma bi umarni
Yin kwalliya da kuma shinge daji
Pataƙƙarfan ɗan adawa yana da kusan zuwa lokacin fari, saboda ana ganin nauyin haɓaka mai ƙarfi. Wajibi ne a fara dasa shuki na tsawon shekaru 3-4, cire kwalliyar, karya, rauni, daskararre, rassan da ke girma a cikin daji. Manufar shine samar da wata shuka daga mafi karfi harbe, masu daidaituwa, wadanda aka jagoranta ta fuskoki daban-daban, ba masu tsangwama ga ci gaban juna ba.
Lokacin dasawa, kuna buƙatar cire muryoyi, fashe, rauni, daskararre, rassan da ke girma a cikin daji
Bayan wata 2, girki yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar cire duk tsoffin harbe 5-6. Bayan shekaru 10-15 na zama a cikin lambun ku, yawan aiki na Patriot zai ragu, an yanyan berries. Don dawo da haɓakar da ta gabata, ana bada shawara don yanke duk daji kusa da ƙasa, barin tushen kawai. Irin wannan anti-tsufa pruning zai tsokani da girma girma da sabon harbe. Bayan shekaru 2-3, ruwan 'ya'yan itace na huda zai sake farin ciki da yalwar' ya'yan itatuwa. Sakamakon wannan tashi, Patriot ya sami damar rayuwa sama da ƙarni.
Dukkanin ayyukan don samuwar daji ciyar a farkon bazara, kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace.
Bidiyon: pruning blueberries
Tsara don hunturu
Duk da ayyana sanyi na juriya daga iri-iri, a cikin tsananin tsananin sanyi da dusar kankara, bangarorin da ke cikin harbe suna daskarewa zuwa matakin dusar kankara. Bugu da ƙari, Patriot yana da tsayi, kuma kauri daga murfin dusar ƙanƙara na 1.5-1.8 m lamuni ne ga yawancin yankuna na Rasha. Don waɗannan dalilai, ko dai rufe blueberries don hunturu, ko kuma a shirya a taƙaice a taƙaice duk daskararre harbe a cikin bazara.
Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, rufe ƙasa da ƙananan ɓangaren daji tare da rassan spruce, zai kare Tushen daga daskarewa, da harbe - daga cin abinci ta hanyar mice da hares. Kunsa matasa, low bushes duka tare da breathable sutura abu. Lanƙwasa rassan da suka fi 1 m zuwa ƙasa kuma sun cika tare da kayan numfashi.
Matasa hunturu blueberry bushes za a iya nannade duka
Girbi: yadda za a adana, abin da za a dafa
Patriot ya fara tattara 'ya'yan itacen shudi a tsakiyar watan Yuli. Berries ba ya girma ba tare da bambanta ba, don haka ɗauki su cikin tricksan dabaru. Fruitsa firstan fari suna da yawa, kuma a ƙarshen girbin suna ƙanana. Fata mai yawa yana sa ajiya da sufuri mai yiwuwa. A cikin firiji, a cikin akwati na iska, ruwan 'ya'yan itace shuɗi ya zama sabo har tsawon makonni 2, kuma a cikin mai sanyi mai sanyi suna riƙe ɗanɗano da ƙanshin su har tsawon shekara guda. Yakamata a fara cin fari da kyawawan furanni sabo, kuma yakamata a sake girke ƙananan.
Blueberries suna da arziki a cikin antioxidants waɗanda ke rage jinkirin hada jini da tsufa. Bugu da kari, wannan bishiyar tana dauke da abubuwanda zasu iya rage sukarin jini, rushe mai, karfafa ganuwar jijiyoyin jini.
Compotes, tsare, jam, 'ya'yan itacen candied an shirya su daga blueberries, ana amfani dashi azaman cikawa da ado don yin burodi. Fragananan dabaru masu ƙoshin gaske, ganyayyaki da giya waɗanda aka samo daga wannan gyada. Maraice na hunturu za suyi ɗumi da kuma tunatar da shayi na lokacin rani daga bushewar shudi da zuma
Bidiyo: Ruwan 'Ya'yan itace Blueberry na Amurka
Reviews a kan narkar da blueberries Patriot
Daga cikin nau'ikan guda 3 da aka shuka, ɗaya ne kawai aka ɗauka da kyau - Patriot. A lokacin bazara na biyu an riga an yi goge da berries. Kuma yana da ingantaccen ƙarfin haɓaka. Wannan shine abin da nake so in ninka. Gaskiya ne, Ina da yumɓu masu nauyi, yumɓu da aka dasa da kuma daskararren ƙwayar spruce a cakuda, ƙara sulfur da taki don rhododendrons.
Olka V.//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=546936
Na sayi Patriot dina saboda dalilai da suka shafi kaina. Har yanzu, Na fahimta yanzu - kuna buƙatar ma'aurata.
iriina//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=6446.80
Ina da busheshen Patriot da Northland masu girma. Patriot yana da ƙarin berries da ɗanɗano mafi kyau, Northland ya fi kyau kuma ya fi acidic, dasa shi daga baya, saboda ya karanta cewa lokacin da aka tsallake, amfanin gona ya fi girma, amma bai lura da bambanci sosai ba, kuma kusan dukkanin 'ya'yan itacen an ɗaure.
Phellodendron//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=546936
Na dasa Baffa ɗan Amurkan bayan na leƙa wa abokina, sai ta girma a cikin girki a cikin tukunya, tukunyar kuma a cikin kwanon ruwa da ruwa, fure-fure kuma tana ba da 'ya'ya. Yana girma a cikin girka na, ban lura da wasu matsaloli na musamman ba.
Svetlana//greenboom.ru/forum/topic/1669
Patriot shine nau'ikan duniya wanda ya dace da haɓakar mutum da masana'antu, wanda ya dace da yanayin halayyar yawancin yankuna na Rasha. Daji, ban da yawan aiki mai girma, yana da kyawawan halaye na ado, tunda a lokacin bazara an rufe rassan da furanni daban-daban na kore, ja da shuɗi. Hankali da kulawa da nau'ikan da ake buƙata ba fiye da kowane blueberry.
