Kowane mai lambu yana neman dasa mafi kyawun nau'in shuka a kan shafin don jin daɗin ƙoshin amfanin gona mai kyau. Ofaya daga cikin amfanin gonar daji da aka fi so shine Sanata Guzberi (Consul). Amma domin tara zaki da manyan berries kowace shekara, yana da mahimmanci don sanin ƙarancin girma na wannan nau'in.
Tarihin zaɓi
Sanata Guzberi, ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiranta, 'Consul', ya shahara sosai tsakanin wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi da aka girka, wanda aka samu a 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari na UMAR da kuma dankalin Turawa a cikin Chelyabinsk. Lokacin da ake kiwo, kakanin kakani sun shiga ciki: Afirka da Chelyabinsk kore. Marubucin ci gaban shine V. S. Ilyin.
Sanata Guzberi - nau'ikan zaɓi na gida
Manufar ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in guzberi shine don samo al'adun da ba shi da ƙaya da zai iya jure yanayin yanayin sanyi mai ƙarfi. Sakamakon haka, a cikin 1995, an saka Sanata a cikin Rijistar Jiha ta Jiha. Ya samar da girbi mai yawa, yana da tsananin sanyi lokacin hunturu, kuma a lokaci guda ya kasance mara nauyi.
Sanatoci iri-iri ana yin su a Yammacin Siberian, Ural, Far Eastern da Volga-Vyatka yankuna.
Halayen Sanata Guzberi (Consul)
Sanata Guzberi yana nufin amfanin gona-hunturu da bazara
A iri-iri nasa ne ga hunturu-Hardy amfanin gona tare da yawo, m da vigorous bushes. Siffofin halayensa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Rassan wani daji na kauri matsakaici, na iya zama mai santsi ko dan kadan mai daɗi, suna da launin koren duhu mai duhu. Otsan buɗe ido da suka girmi shekara biyu ana yinsa da ɗanɗano launin ruwan kasa, galibi a gindi. Babu rashin daidaituwa.
- Spikes kusan ba su nan. A kan rassa na shekara-shekara ana iya zama na gaba ɗaya, akasarinsu a ɓangaren ɓangaren daji. A shekara ta biyu, karar ta yi rauni, harbe-harbe sun zama santsi gaba daya.
- Nau'in inflorescences daya ne ko biyu. Furanni suna bisexual, masu launin ja. Sepals ne ruwan hoda a launi, kunkuntar siffar. Tsawon yayi matsakaici.
- Ganyayyen ganye, girman matsakaici (har zuwa tsawon 6 cm). Suna da kamannin zuciya. Filastik tare da ruwan wukake 3-5, maras ban sha'awa, gajere. Tsarin tsakiya yana da girma fiye da na baya, yana da gefuna tare da kusurwa na sha'awa zuwa tsakiyar jijiya.
- Berries na senator suna zagaye, babba. Matsakaicin nauyi 6-8 g, da launin ja mai duhu. Kusan babu tsaba. Suna da dandano mai dadi da dandano mai tsami. Dangane da ma'aunin dandanawar, ana yi masu maki 4.9 daga cikin 5.
- Kodan suna da esan tsirara a gefen gefen, ƙarancin launin shuɗi, ƙaramin abu. Siffar ta m ce, dan kadan ta karkace daga tushe.
Sanata iri-iri yana da yawan haihuwa a kai (44.7%), tumatir na farawa a ƙarshen Yuli. Shekarun farko na farko bayan dasawa, zaku iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram 4 na amfanin gona daga wani daji, bayan wannan adadin 'ya'yan itaciya ya karu zuwa kilo 7-8.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar ƙarfin hali, rashin daidaituwa da yawan aiki.
Sanata Guzberi yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
- juriya ga mildew powdery;
- duniya aikace-aikace;
- babban aiki;
- kusan cikakkiyar rashin sani;
- jure fari da rashin yanayin zafi;
- kayan zaki kayan zaki;
- juriya daga furanni zuwa marigayi spring frosts.
Misalai:
- rashin aikin sufuri mara kyau (saboda farar fata na berries);
- matsakaici juriya ga septoria, spotting da sawfly.
Siffofin dasa da girma
Ka'idojin dasa Sanata gooseberries Sanata mai sauki ne, kuma ko da farawa zai iya jure wannan aikin cikin sauki. Gabaɗaya, al'ada ana ɗaukarsu unpretentious, amma idan bakayi la'akari da kayan fasahar da yawa a fasahar noma ba, kuna iya shakkar girbi mai yawa da ɗanɗano wanda ba'a iya jurewa da lafiya na berries.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Don gooseberries, ya kamata ka zaɓi wurin da ake da fitila wanda zai kare daga iska mai ƙarfi na iska. Bari a kiyaye shi ta ƙananan gine-gine ko wasu tsire-tsire. Babban abu shine cewa haskoki na rana su faɗi akan daji.
Gooseberries suna son wuraren rana ba tare da iska ba
Guji wuraren da danshi ke yin tururuwa, in ba haka ba tsarin tushen zai lalace. Mafi kyawun mai nuna alamun abin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa shine 2 m. Senator yana da kyau kafa a cikin ƙasa matsakaici loamy ƙasa. Mafi kyawun acidity na ƙasa - har zuwa 5.5 pH. Dole ne ƙasa ta zama mai numfashi.
Gooseberries basu jure wa acidic ba, sanyi da ƙasa mai narkewa. Kuma yumbu da ƙasa masu yashi ba su dace da shi ba.
Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da currants ko raspberries suka yi girma ba. Suna barin ƙarancin ƙasa wanda ba ta iya ci gaba sosai a cikin abin da gooseberries ba zai iya ci gaba ba.
Zabin Seedling
Seedlings dole ne ya ci gaba tushen tsarin
Zabi wanda ya dace da ƙwayar guzberi lamari ne mai sauƙi. Kafin sayan, a hankali bincika tsarin tushe, tunda nasarar ci gaba na daji zai dogara ne akan cigaban sa. Babban adadin fibrous Tushen sha danshi shine tabbacin ku cewa seedling zai ɗauki tushen sosai kuma ya ba da saurin girma a farkon shekarun bayan dasa. Hakanan, tsarin yakamata ya sami aƙalla hanyoyin sasantawa 3-5, aƙalla 10 cm tsayi.
Idan kun sami seedling na shekara-shekara, to, ɗayan guda mai yiwuwa ne. Amma a cikin shuki na shekaru biyu ya kamata a sami rassa biyu na 2-3, aƙalla 30 cm tsayi.
Don sufuri, ana amfani da tushen tushen cikin mai magana na musamman (ruwa, yumbu da mullein, gauraye daidai gwargwado), sannan a nade shi cikin burlap. Wannan zai taimaka kare dajin daga bushewa.
Matakan saukarwa mataki-mataki-mataki
Sanata Gooseberries wanda aka dasa a cikin faɗuwar (ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba). Tushen tsarin al'adu abu ne mai matukar karfi. A wannan yanayin, mafi girman adadin aiwatarwa suna kusa da tsakiyar ɓangaren daji (a nesa na 20-25 cm). A cikin matasa gooseberries, 80% na tushen suna cikin ƙasan ƙasa har zuwa 25 cm, kuma a cikin 'ya'yan itace masu bada girma - har zuwa 45-65 cm. girman girman ramin saitin da ake buƙatar yin hakan zai dogara da wannan.
Ana saukowa a cikin sauƙi tare da loam mai kyau tare da ingantacciyar hanya.
Ana aiwatar da tsarin dasa shuki a cikin jerin ayyukan da suka biyo baya:
- Da farko dai, tono rami na 60-70 cm fadi da zurfi na 45-55. Can nesa tsakanin 1.5 m daga kowane ɗayan ya kamata a lura tsakanin bushes.
- Sannan kuna buƙatar yin takin. An sanya kilogram 8 na taki iri, 2 kilogiram na peat, ash na itace (300 g) da ƙasan dutse (350 g) ana sanya su a cikin kowane rami. Peat zai ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar ƙasa.
- Bar ramin taki na dare daya don duk abubuwanda zasuyi amfani dasu. A wannan lokaci, kuna buƙatar jiƙa barkono guzberi a cikin bayani na musamman. An shirya shi daga humate potassium (5 tbsp. L.) da ruwa (5 l.). Abubuwan sun haɗu a cikin akwati mai zurfi, inda tushen abubuwan dasa abubuwa sai a sanya su tsawon kwana 1. Wannan dabara tana ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar rayuwa na shuka.
- Bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade, zaku iya fara dasa daji. An sanya seedling a tsaye a cikin ramin. Tushen tushe yakamata ya zama zurfin zurfin 6-8 cm.
- Yayyafa a saman tare da ƙasa da m.
- A ƙarshe, kowane daji ya kamata a shayar da lita biyar na ruwa.
Bidiyo: hujin shukar gooseberries
Kula da tsiro
A ƙarshen duk dasa, ya kamata ku kula da kula da sabon mazaunin lambun ku. Domin guzberi ya ɗauki tushen da kyau, kuma ku bayar da yawa girbi, kana bukatar ka kai a kai ruwa, takin da kuma datsa da shuka.
Kulawar da ta dace ita ce mabuɗin samar da amfanin gona mai girma da daɗin ci
Balagaya
Sanata Guzberi yana son ƙasa mai “numfashi”. Sabili da haka, an haƙa ƙasa da ke kewaye da daji har zuwa zurfin cm 12-15. A karo na farko lokacin da ake yin aikin a farkon bazara, da zaran murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya shuɗe. A nan gaba, ana aiwatar da dutsen sau ɗaya a wata, fara daga Yuni har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin fruiting.
Guzberi miya
Sanata Guzberi ya ba da amsa ga takin zamani, yana kawo amfanin gona mai daɗi da yalwatacce da yawa. Ana ciyar da ciyarwa gwargwadon wani tsari. Ana amfani da takin zamani sau uku a lokacin kakar:
- Ana yin riguna na farko a matakin farawar ganye. Kuna buƙatar bayani wanda aka shirya daga 1 tbsp. l urea, 2 tbsp. l nitrophosk diluted a cikin 10 na ruwa. Ka'ida ga daji ɗaya shine lita 15-20 na abun da ke ciki.
- Na gaba rabo na taki ana amfani da mataki na fure guzberi. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar bayani na 2 tbsp. l Mix "Berry" da 1 tbsp. l potassium sulfate, diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ka'ida ga daji ɗaya shine lita 25-30 na bayani.
- An gabatar da riguna na uku na uku a mataki na bayyanar ovaries. Kuna buƙatar 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski, 2 tbsp. l potassium humate, diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ka'ida ga daji daya shine lita 30.
Dace da shuka na shuka
Watering ne da za'ayi 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 2, tun da al'adun baya yarda da wuce haddi danshi. Don daji ɗaya zaka buƙaci guga na ruwa 1. Yana da muhimmanci sosai kada a tsallake ruwa a lokacin lokacin daga Yuli zuwa Agusta, lokacin da guzberi ya ba da 'ya'yan itace kuma a lokaci guda an dage farawa don samar da amfanin gona na gaba.
Ana shigo da ruwa daga tiyo ko ruwa can ba tare da mai toka ba a ƙarƙashin gandun daji. Yi hankali da lura cewa rafin ba ya lalata ƙasa, musamman a cikin kananan shuki matasa.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shayarwa shine safiya ko yamma, saboda wannan hanyar zaku iya rage haɗarin ƙonewa.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa Sanata iri-iri an saka shi azaman saurin haƙuri, yawan shayarwa na yau da kullun zai ba ka damar inganta halayen ɗanɗano na berries
Pruning bushes
Abincin da ya dace na bishiyar guzberi zai taimaka wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da girman berries, kuma za ta zama gwargwadon rigakafin don bayyanar cututtuka.
Ana yin aikin a jerin masu zuwa:
- A karo na farko an yanke reshen ƙaramin ƙwayar matasa lokacin shuka, cire 1/3 na tsawon. Wannan dabarar zata taimaka wa shuka wajen zama cikin sauri.
- Sannan ana yin pruning a farkon lokacin bazara (har sai an bude buds). Cire mai rauni mai rauni.
- Bayan haka, yan lambu suna yin rigakafin rigakafin kai-tsaye na daji, suna cire tsoffin, rassan da suka lalace, haka kuma waɗanda suke haifar da matsanancin ciyawa kuma ba sa fitar da yawancin berries, kamar yadda suke kafawa.
An cire harbe-harben gaba ɗaya; hemp bai kamata ya ragu ba.
Kyakkyawan tumatir mai dacewa ya kamata ya kasance yana da rassa 2-3 masu ƙarfi na kowane zamani (alal misali, ɗan shekara ɗaya mai shekaru 2, shekaru biyu biyu, yan shekaru uku-uku, da sauransu). Sakamakon haka, za a rage kusan tsirarwar thatan 15-20 da za su faranta maka rai tare da wadataccen amfanin gona.
Pruning yana ba da damar bushes su samar da albarkatu a kan harbe mai ƙarfi
Bidiyo: girbi gooseberries a cikin kaka
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Kowane danginmu yana ƙaunar 'ya'yan itacen mashin, saboda haka ba sa da yawa. Har zuwa yanzu, Beryl, Rawaya Rasha, Kolobok, Consul, Krasnoslavyansky, Affectionate, Prunes, Grushenka sun shuka. Ganyen kwalba (Ina kiransa Kryzhik. Ira, na gode da yawa a gare shi) da kuma wasu ba a san su ba. Duk mai dadi, mai bada 'ya'ya, amma Grushenka shine ya fi kowanne yawan' ya'yan itace, berries ba su da yawa, amma akwai da yawa!
Semenovna//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1690&start=360
Ina da nau'ikan fure iri guda biyu - Sanata da Shugaban kasa. Amma ba su da ƙaya kawai a kan ƙananan rassan rassan, amma a kan tsoffin akwai su, kaɗan ne.
Olga//dachniku-udachi.ru/kryizhovnik-bez-shipov.html
Ya yi shawara a cikin gandun daji, amma ba ya samun cikakkiyar kwatancin, berriesan itacen ya fi girma fiye da waɗanda aka ayyana, masu ƙarfin rai, da 'ya'ya. Dandano shi ne matsakaita.
Elvir//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-427-p-5.html
Sanata Guzberi sakamako ne mai nasara sakamakon aikin shayarwa waɗanda suka kafa maƙasudi don ƙirƙirar al'adun gargaɗi waɗanda basu da ma'ana waɗanda zasu samar da wadataccen abinci mai daɗi. Wannan nau'ikan yana da fa'idodi masu yawa kuma yana buƙatar ɗan kulawa kaɗan. A lokaci guda, Sanata gooseberries na duniya ne. Sun dace da duka amfanin sabo da kuma shirye-shiryen dukkan nau'ikan cukurkuwa, adanawa, ƙididdigewa da sauran kyawawan abubuwa.
