Guzberi iri dake Masheka: kwatankwacinsu, yadda ya kamata da kuma abubuwan ci gaban rayuwarta

Manoma na Belarusiya sun ba da guzberi Mashek kusan shekaru 20 da suka wuce, kuma har zuwa yau, ire-iren suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan waɗanda aka fi so a tsakanin lambu. An nuna godiyarsa saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa mai danshi, kyakkyawa mai kyan gani kuma, ba shakka, don ɗanɗano mai daɗin ci na berries. Bugu da ƙari, 'ya'yan itaciyar Masha suna duniya ne, suna da kyau kuma sabo ne, kuma cikin shirye-shirye.

Bayanin kwalliya iri-iri Mashek

Guzberi Masheka - wani zaɓi na Belarusian iri-iri, wanda A.G. ya ƙirƙira shi. Volzunev - sanannen masanin kimiyya-agrarian, likita na kimiyyar aikin gona. Mai shayarwa ya kawo babbar adadin sabon nau'in gooseberries, yayin da ake la'akari da Masheka a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun.

A cikin lokaci, ciyawar itace ta Mashek tana yaɗa tare da cikakkiyar berries

Yawancin sun sami sunan da ake girmamawa ga jarumi na fasahar gargajiya ta Belarusiya, mashahurin dan fashi kuma mai kare duk wani azzalumi da sunan Mashek.

Fitowar bushes

Mashin bishiyar guzberi Mashek - lokacin farin ciki da yawo - yayi kyau sosai, musamman lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Dankin yana da matsakaici-sized. Haske kore lokacin farin ciki harbe girma obliquely. Rassan ba shine kewaya ba, masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi. Fafaren leaf suna da launin kore mai duhu, suna da fata da laushi, suna da kadan. Hakora tare da gefuna sunyi haske da gajarta. Ovaries ba pubescent, unpainted.

Berries na Mashaeka sune ruwan lemu-ja.

Tebur: halayen 'ya'yan itacen

Tebur: ab advantagesbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na guzberi Mashek

Tlearin hanyoyin dasa da fasaha na aikin gona

An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar yawan aiki. Masheka za ta ba wa masu ita abinci mai daɗin ci da ƙanshi mai laushi, idan kun samar da daji tare da mahimmancin da kuma zaɓi wurin da ya dace don shuka.

Inda ya kamata

Don dasa Masha, karɓi ɗakin kwana mai haske da haske, ana kiyaye shi daga iska. Kada ruwa a ƙasa ya kamata ya kwanta kusa da 1.5 m zuwa farfajiya.

Guzberi Mashek da shawarar shuka a kan ɗakin kwana da wuri mai haske

A kasar gona a yankin don dasa gooseberries ya zama dan kadan acidic, m da sako-sako. Idan ƙasa mai yashi ne ko yumɓu, to ana bada shawarar dasa shuki ne kawai bayan an inganta shi na farko. Shekara guda kafin shuka, kilogiram na 15 na takin gargajiya ta 1 m dole ne a shafa ga ƙasa mai yashi² (yana iya zama humus, taki ko takin), kuma a cikin yumbu, ban da kwayoyin halitta, ƙara yashi. Har ila yau, an shawarci masu ba da shawara ga addara 50 g na potassium sulfate da 40 g na superphosphate na biyu a cikin 1 m².

Duk da cewa al'adun sun yarda da acidity na substrate maimakon sosai, idan pH ta yi ƙasa da 5.5, yana da mahimmanci don samar da iyakance. Mafi kyawun takin don wannan dalili shine gari dolomite (ƙimar aikace-aikacen - 1.5 kg ta 1 m²).

Yaushe kuma yadda ake shuka

Gardenerswararrun lambu suna ba da shawara don shuka gooseberries a cikin fall, kimanin wata daya kafin farkon frosts. Tare da irin waɗannan kwanakin shuka, shuka yana kulawa da tushe sosai kuma ya jure sanyi lokacin sanyi. Hakanan an halatta a shuka shuki na Mashaeka a farkon bazara kafin a bude buds, amma a wannan yanayin, dole ne a samar da ɗanyen gooseberries sosai.

A kan shafin da aka zaɓa kana buƙatar:

1. Tona sama da ƙasa kuma cire duk sako asalinsu.
2. Ya kamata a sanya tsire-tsire a nesa da kusan m 1-1.5 daga juna.
   

   Ya kamata a sanya 'ya'yan itacen guzberi a nesa na 1-1.5 m daga juna

3. Ramin rami wanda yake auna cm 50x50x50 cm.
4. Add 1 guga na takin ko da-rotted taki ga ƙasa, da 40 g da potassium sulfate ko 1.5 tbsp. itace ash, 100-120 g na superphosphate.
5. Tsiraran da aka haɗe tare da ƙasa kuma cika ramin zuwa sulusin girma.
6. Rufe taro na gina jiki da ƙasan talakawa ka sanya shi.
7. Sanya seedling a cikin rami ba tare da narkar da zurfafa 5 cm ba fiye da yadda aka yi girma a da.
   

   Lokacin dasa, da seedling ya kamata a binne shi a cikin ƙasa 5 cm fiye da yadda ya yi girma a da.

8. Cika Tushen a cikin rami na dasa tare da ƙasa ba tare da taki ba, dan kadan sai a matse ƙasa a zuba (bulo na ruwa) 0.5.
9. A ƙarshe cika rami tare da ƙasa, sake yin rami a kusa da seedling da ruwa sake (bulo 0.5).
10. Ciyawa rijiyar tare da humus, peat ko busasshiyar ƙasa don rage ƙazantar danshi.
11. Gyara dukkan harbe, barin 5-7 cm sama da ƙasa.
12. Rufe sassan tare da lambun var. Wannan ya zama dole domin matasa shuka ba su kai hari ta hanyar kwari.

A cikin farkon shekarun rayuwa, seedlings ke haɓaka a hankali. Na farko, Tushen ya yi ƙarfi, kuma kawai a rabin rabin lokacin bazara harbe ya fara girma, kuma Mashek zai ba da farkon berries don shekara ta 3. Cikakken fruiting na gooseberries yana faruwa lokacin da aka kafa rassa masu ƙarfi da lafiya a 15-20 (a cikin shekara ta 5 na rayuwa).

Halin kulawa

Don samun wadataccen girbi na zaki da ɗanɗano gooseberries Mashek, yakamata kuyi ƙoƙari sosai. Idan ka kiyaye daftarin aikin agrotechnical, to, zaku iya samun babbar riba a cikin shekaru 18-20. Hanyoyin da za su iya haifar da wannan sakamako masu sauƙin sauƙi ne kuma sun isa ga kowane mai lambu. Wannan ingantaccen ruwa ne, ciyar da samar da pruning na daji.

Ruwa mai yalwa

Guzberi Masheka ya ayyana ta hanyar mahaliccinsu a matsayin shuka mai iya jurewa fari, amma yana bukatar yawan danshi a damuna da farkon bazara. Zai fi dacewa da wannan dalili ta hanyar yayyafa ban ruwa da ban ruwa na ruwa (idan an shuka tsire-tsire da yawa a jere a kan shafin). Wata babbar hanyarda ta sanyaya kasar gona kusa da daji ita ce ta ruwa a cikin tsagi. Don yin wannan:

1. Sun tono ƙananan ramuka a kusa da daji a cikin radius na kusan 30-40 cm daga gindi.
2. 20 l na ruwa an zuba cikin kowane tsagi. Ruwa ba ya buƙatar mai zafi; Tushen guzberi ba ya tsoron danshi mai sanyi.
3. Dole ne ya zama ya zama ya bushe tare da bushewa ciyawa, bambaro ko ciyawa.

A cikin lokacin rani, ƙarin sha da yawa ya zama dole (bulo 3-5 ga kowane daji).

Ana bada shawarar dakatar da tashin hankali kafin a fara tumatir. Wuce hadadden danshi a wannan lokacin zai tsoma baki tare da tarin abubuwan sukari a cikin 'ya'yan itacen, a sakamakon wanda berries din zai zama na ruwa da acidic.

M ruwa a cikin tsagi babbar hanya ce mai kyau don samar da tushen guzberi tare da danshi da yakamata.

Ya kamata a aiwatar da wani yalwataccen watering a cikin fall (20-40 lita a karkashin daya guzberi daji). A shuka amsa da kyau zuwa hunturu hydration. Abin da ake kira ban ruwa-ruwa zai taimaka wa shuka a sauƙaƙe lokacin sanyi.

Muna ciyar

A dace aikace-aikace na ma'adinai da takin gargajiya zai kula da barga high yawan amfanin ƙasa da taimako zuwa juriya ga cututtuka da iri-iri ne mai saukin kamuwa.

Dokokin ciyarwa:

1. Ya kamata a lura cewa abubuwan gina jiki da aka gabatar a cikin rami lokacin dasa shuki seedling zai isa a cikin shekaru ukun farko na rayuwar daji. Sannan, a cikin kaka, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, a ƙarƙashin kowace daji na guzberi, ya zama dole a yi kusan kilo 6 na takin gargajiya, 20 g na superphosphate da 1/2 kofin itacen ash a 1 m².
2. A farkon bazara, kafin a fara lambu, gogaggen lambu shawara da ciyar da al'adun da ammonium nitrate (15 g da 1 m² - don matasa bushes, 20-25 g - don balagagge).

Tare da isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki, ganye sukan kwatanta da wuri, har ma a lokacin rani, sa wani sabon abu mai launi (launin launin fata tare da gefen ganyen ko shunayya ko lebe-leɓe tsakanin hanji na ganyen ganye). Idan kuna samun irin waɗannan alamun a kan shuka, ku ciyar da Masheka cikin gaggawa, kamar yadda ganyen daji mai lafiya yana da launin koren duhu mai duhu.

Gyara da kuma siffar gooseberries

Pruning yana taimakawa ya samar da daji mai cike da kwari, samun manyan berries da kula da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kwarewar Masha shi ne cewa iri-iri sun samar da adadin tushen tushe, wanda daga shi ne daji ya zama mai kauri da ingancin da yawa na raguwar berries. Bugu da kari, ci gaban su yana jinkiri har zuwa ƙarshen kaka da kuma ƙarshen ƙarnin ba su girma da kyau. An dage farawa daga 'ya'yan itace a kan harbe na bara, yayin da babban girbi na Berry ya fi mai da hankali ga harbe na 1-2 na ba da izini na rassa da rassan fruitan shekaru 1-2, inda har zuwa manyan berries 3 na iya kafawa daga toho ɗaya, alhali a kan manyan rassan kawai suna girma smallan itace ɗaya.

Kyakkyawan pruning taimaka taimaka ta samar da wata cikakkiyar daji daji da kuma samun manyan berries

Domin 'ya'yan itaciyar Masha su zama masu daɗi kuma sun fi girma, yakamata a aiwatar da gyaran ƙwallafa da kayan tsabta. Ka'idojin ka'idodi na matakai kamar haka:

1. Shekara guda bayan dasa shuki a cikin kaka, yanke harbe a matakin ƙasa, barin barin 3-5 mafi ƙarfi.
2. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yanke duk harbe mai rauni na shekara-shekara (harbe na basal), barin rassan lafiya 3-4.
3. A kan bushes balagagge, cire duk tsoffin rassan da suke da matalauta fruiting.
4. Idan akwai ci gaba mai kyau a ƙasan tsohuwar tukunyar, to sai a yanke saman ɗanɗana sama da reshe.
5. Cire duk rassan da suka karye, wadanda aka zalunta, masu rauni da marasa amfani ga kowane zamani.

Too thickened bushes bada shawarar da za a yanke hankali, tare da m sake sabunta rassan da ba su da tushen harbe.

Pruning da shawarar a cikin kaka

A lokacin da samar da wani girma shuka (a shekaru 10 da haihuwa), akwai peculiarities. A lokacin da trimming irin wannan daji:

• muna cire duk gajeran harbe shekara shekara da ke tushe. A lokaci guda, ana bada shawara don barin rassan da aka kirkiro 3-5 a cikin ƙananan bene;
• fi na fruiting harbe an yanke zuwa da kyau-raya gefen reshe;
• rassan da suka daina ba da berries, an yanke su gaba ɗaya a cikin fall;
• a farkon Agusta, tsunkule fi na kwarangwal rassan by 5 cm.Wannan dabarar tana ba ku damar ta da kwanciya na fure furen kuma ƙara yawan yanayin hunturu na al'ada.

Anti-tsufa pruning na balagagge bushes ne da za'ayi a kowace shekara 2-3.

Ana shirin hunturu

Masheka wani nau'in hunturu ne mai-sanyi, amma a yankuna masu tsananin sanyi yana buƙatar rufe shi bugu da additionari. Don taimakawa kyakkyawan lokacin bazara na gooseberries, masana aikin gona suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwa na ban ruwa a ƙarshen kaka. A cikin ruwan dusar kankara ya zama dole don cike bushes da dusar ƙanƙara kuma a tattake shi a kusa da gooseberries. Hanya mafi girma don adana wurin kwana na dusar ƙanƙara shine a yayyafa shi da ƙasa ko ɗanɗano.

Bidiyo: Kulawar guzberi

Cututtukan da ke haifar da guba iri-iri Masheka

Marubutan Masheka iri-iri suna da'awar cewa gooseberries suna tsayayya da rashin lafiya da yawa. Koyaya, a cikin mummunan yanayi, cututtukan cututtukan yau da kullun sun shafi shi kamar anthracnose, septoria da mildew powdery.

Tebur: cututtuka da hanyoyin ma'amala dasu

Hoton hoto: cututtukan halayyar guzberi Mashek

Tarin, sufuri da kuma ajiya na berries

Guzberi Masheka yana da tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle, don haka kuna buƙatar girbi tare da safofin hannu don kare kanku daga yankewa da raunuka. Bayan kai wajan balaga, da berries juya orange-ja. Ba sa murƙushewa daga daji, don haka za'a iya tattara dukkan 'ya'yan itacen a lokaci guda.

Ana riƙe berries da tabbaci a kan harbe, riƙe da siffarsu da dandano har ma a ƙarƙashin yanayin mummunan, alal misali, a cikin ruwan sama.

Idan kana buƙatar safarar gooseberries, ana bada shawara don ɗaukar berries dan kadan matattara (kimanin mako guda kafin cikakkiyar cikakkiyar). An shimfiɗa su cikin kwanduna ko kwantena filastik ba tare da rufe murfi ba. A wannan tsari, ana iya adanar 'ya'yan itatuwa na kwanaki 2-3.

Gooseberries na iya zama sabo har tsawon sati 2 a firiji. Don yin wannan, suna da 'yanci daga sepals da ganye, an wanke su kuma an shimfiɗa su cikin jikunan filastik, i.e. marufi tare da budewar iska.

Mashek gooseberries suna da kyau ba kawai sabo bane, har ma a matsayin jam ko matsawa

Don adana mafi tsayi, ana iya daskarar da berries ko dafa shi. Gooseberries suna yin kyakkyawan shirye-shirye tare da dandano mai laushi mai tsabta: jams, compotes, adana.

'Yan lambu sun sake nazarin gooseberries Mashek

Ina tsammanin irin nau'in kayan masarufi da Mashek yake dashi shine mafi yawan dandano, kawai sabo ne da mai daɗi. Zan cire shi tare da sauran nau'ikan dandano na matsakaici.

Nelly

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Masha tana da kyau, launi na berries yana da wuya sosai. Ba zaku wuce ba, tabbas zaku tsaya. Kuma dandano ga mai son, daya ba shi da kyau, yayin da sauran kawai suna jin daɗinsu.

majagaba 2

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Berry yana da ja, elongated, ya fi girma matsakaici. Wanda ba a bayyana ba, bawo na bakin ciki, ƙananan tsaba, mai daɗin ɗanɗano mai tsami, zuwa ga mai daɗi. Ina girma ba tare da magani ba. A daji ne thickening, shi wajibi ne don na bakin ciki fita. Rassan suna kwance a ƙarƙashin nauyin berries - kuna buƙatar tallafi. Girbi a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Yuli.

Mikailo

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Na tuna wata irin kayan kwalliya iri-iri - Mashek, a ganina, shi Belarusian ne.

Tamara

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Belarusian iri-iri na guzberi Mashek yana da tabbas ba dama. Yana da kyawawan berries da kyakkyawan launi mai launi. Masheka shine hunturu-Hardy kuma ya dace da namo a yankin na tsakiya. Amfanin gona zai yi 'ya'yan itace na kimanin shekaru 20, yayin da guzberi yake da ƙarancin ƙarfi, ya isa a gudanar da shayarwa ta yau da kullun kafin saita berries kuma bayan faɗuwar ganye.