Yawancin cherries Lyubskaya da dadewa sananne ne kuma har yanzu ya shahara. Duk da dandano mai tsami na ruwan hoda mai haske da kuma saurin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka, ana iya samun wannan al'adar 'ya'yan itace akan kusan duk wani shinge na lambun, tunda Lyubskaya yana da fa'idodi masu yawa.
Brief Tarihi da Bayani na Cherubskaya Cherries
Cherries na Lyubskaya iri-iri sun girma akan shirye-shiryen sirri da kuma a cikin orchards a farkon karni na 19. Wanda aka fara ambaton shi ya koma 1892. A yayin tafiyarsa zuwa gundumar Korochansky na lardin Kursk, masanin kayan lambu Kichunov Nikolai Ivanovich, yana nazarin lambunan Korochansky da suka shahara a wancan lokacin, gami da ckin Lyubskaya.
A cikin 1947, iri-iri da aka jera a cikin Bayanan Kula da reedasa na Stateasar Cike Na Federationasar Rasha. Ana iya girma Lyubskaya a Arewa maso Yamma, Tsakiya, Tsakiyar Black Earth, Arewacin Caucasus, Tsakiyar Volga da ƙananan Volga.
Wannan bishiyar da aka tsinke ya kai mudu 2-2.5 kawai a tsayi, wanda shine ɗayan alfanun: ya dace da girbi. Crown kambi - babban diamita da ya wuce tsawo. Rassan daga gangar jikin suna girma a wani kusurwa na kimanin 45 °. Fashe haushi.
Cherries na Lyubskaya iri-iri ba girma sama da 2-2.5 m
Lyubskaya Cherry yana da sauri: ana iya tsammanin girbi na farko a cikin shekara ta 2-3. A shekara ta biyar, ya kai kilogiram 5-6, a lokacin da ya manyanta, zaka iya samun kilo 25. A wasu halayen, an lura da amfanin gona da ya kai kilo 50. Zamanin aiki mai aiki shine shekaru 15-20.
A berries ripen marigayi isa - a ƙarshen Yuli har ma a watan Agusta, amma a unison. Bayan sun farfado, za su iya rataye a kan itace har tsawon makonni 2-3 ba tare da rasa inganci ba, akasin haka, zuba ƙarin ruwan 'ya'yan itace da haɓaka abubuwan sukari. Girman berries yana da matsakaici - 4-5 g, launi ya yi duhu, fatar jiki ta yi laushi, mai sheki, bakin ciki, amma tana da ƙarfi. Kasusuwa ƙanana ne, waɗanda suke yin la'akari da kashi 6-8% na nauyin berries, ana iya rarrabewa cikin sauƙi. Danshi yana da tsami, kuma mai daɗi kuma mai tsami a cikin cherries girma kusa da kudu.
Berries na Lyubskaya iri-iri - duhu mai ja, tare da santsi, mai launin fata
Wannan nau'in iri-iri na kanshi na bada 'ya'ya da kyau ba tare da ƙarin masu aikin pollinators ba. Amma yawan ovaries, ya kuma inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa, zai karu sosai idan cherries na waɗannan nau'ikan sun girma kusa:
- Anadolskaya
- Kharitonovskaya
- M Mikurina,
- Shpanka da wuri
- Vladimirskaya
- Zhukovskaya.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Abvantbuwan amfãni daga iri-iri (sai dai waɗanda aka ambata):
- unpretentiousness;
- farkon balaga;
- m ripening;
- transportability na berries;
- rarrabuwa mai sauƙi ga kashi da ƙananan girmanta;
- dacewar girbi - iri-iri ya dace da lambuna na masana'antu;
- da yiwuwar amfani a wuraren shakatawa don shimfidar wuri.
Rashin daidaituwa sun hada da:
- dandano mai tsami, iyakance sabo amfani;
- mai saukin kamuwa da cutar moniliosis da coccomycosis.
Dasa Cherry Lubsky
Shuka ƙwayar ceri Lyubskaya ba ta wahala.
Lokacin sauka
Ana iya shuka amfanin gona a cikin kaka ko kuma bazara:
- dasa shuki shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, kamar yadda shuka take tsira da kyau kuma an cire yiwuwar daskarewa. Shuka wajibi ne kafin a buɗe ayoyin.
- Hakanan za a iya dasa shuki, amma ya fi kyau a nisance shi, tunda babu tabbacin cewa dutsen ba zai daskare ba. Idan saboda wasu dalilai kuna buƙatar sauke shi a cikin fall, ya kamata ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba.
Zabi da adana seedlings
Sapling (saplings) an fi saya a cikin bazara, koda kuwa an shirya dasa shuki ne na bazara. A wannan yanayin, har zuwa lokacin shuka, an ba ku tabbacin cewa kuna da kayan kayan amfanin gona masu inganci, yayin da a cikin bazara, kafin a buɗe alkalami, koyaushe ba zai yiwu a sayi dutsen da ya dace ba.
Zai fi kyau sayi seedlings a cikin bazara, kuma shuka a cikin bazara
Dole ne ya zama ya zama na shekara ɗaya ko aƙalla shekaru biyu. Tsofaffi tsofaffi suna da rauni sosai kuma suna ci gaba da talauci; bai kamata ku tsammaci kyakkyawan girbi daga gare su ba. Seedan ɗayan ɗayan ɗan shekaru yawanci yana da tsayi na 70-80 cm, ɗan shekaru biyu - 100-110 cm. Haushi ya kamata ya kasance siliki-launin shuɗi a launi ba tare da shigar kore ba, tsarin tushen ya bayyana sosai.
Idan kun sayi seedling a bazara, kuma za ku dasa shi a cikin bazara, to, domin ku adana shi, kuna buƙatar:
- Ta tono maɓuɓɓugar tare da faɗin faɗin zurfinsa na inci 30-40 cm da tsawonsa na kusan mita.
- Sanya seedling a cikin maɓallin kwance a sama domin kambi ɗin ya saman ƙasa.
A lokacin da kwanyar ceri seedling a cikin tare mahara, ta kambi ya kamata sama da ƙasa
- Rufe tushen da akwati tare da ƙasa, kuma rufe kambi da kyau daga daskarewa da rodents.
Saboda haka, seedling za a kiyaye shi da kyau har sai an dasa.
Saukowa rami shiri
Lyubskaya Cherry yana son haske, kasa mai kyau-ruwa. Zai fi girma a kan ƙananan gangara (8-10 °), zai fi dacewa yamma ko arewa maso yamma. Tana jin mafi kyawun raunin arewa fiye da ta kudu. Wurin ya kamata a sami iska mai kyau, ba tare da ambaliyar ruwa ba. Ba za ku iya dasa a cikin ƙananan kwari ba, kwari. A cikin shuka rukuni, nisa tsakanin layuka shine 3 m, tsakanin bishiyoyi a jere - 2.5-3 m.
Filin saukar da ƙasa shine mafi kyawun shiri a cikin fall. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar:
- Ramin rami tare da zurfin 40-60 cm da nisa (diamita) na 60-70 cm.
- Zuba babban ciki mai zurfi a cikin ramin, ƙara da nauyin kilo 10 na humus, lita na ash, 150-200 g na superphosphate da haɗuwa.
Humus - takin gargajiya wanda ke wadatar da kasar gona da dukkanin abubuwan da ake bukata
Dasa cherries a matakai
Tsarin saukar da ƙasa ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa:
- An kafa tarko a cikin rami.
- An sanya seedling a kai, Tushen an daidaita kuma an rufe shi da ragowar ƙasa. Tushen wuya ya kamata ya kasance a nesa na 5 cm sama da ƙasa.
Lokacin dasa shuki seedry, daidaita tushen, ya kamata tushen tushe ya zama 3-5 cm sama da ƙasa
- An kori ƙwanƙwaran itace kusa da abin da aka ɗaura shuka.
- Isasa cike take da ruwa, an kwarara shi da buloguna uku na ruwa.
- An kewaye da'irar akwati tare da humus 3-4 cm lokacin farin ciki.
- Dukkanin rassan suna gajarta da kashi ɗaya bisa uku, ciki har da mai jagoran tsakiya (akwati).
Hanyar dasa shuki ceri daidai yake da na sauran stonea stonean itaciya
Kulawar cherry
Kula da Lyubka (kamar yadda ake kiran Lyubskaya da aka sani) ba ya haifar da matsala da yawa, wanda ke bayyana babban shahararsa. A cikin shekarar farko bayan an shuka, babu buƙatar takin: akwai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da aka gabatar yayin dasa. Ya rage kawai ga ruwa sau 3-4 a kakar.
Watse
Kwanakin Watering:
- kafin fure;
- yayin samuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta;
- kai tsaye bayan girbi;
- a ƙarshen kaka don "caji" tare da danshi don hunturu.
Yawan ban ruwa shine lita 20-30 a kowace murabba'in mita na kewayen akwati. Bayan ruwa, kuna buƙatar daɗaɗa ƙasa da ciyawa dasa ciyawa.
Bai kamata a shayar da su a lokacin tumatir na berries ba, kamar yadda za su fashe.
Manyan miya
Za a buƙaci sutura masu farawa daga shekara ta biyu. A cikin bazara, a farkon Afrilu an gabatar da kwayoyin halitta (kilogiram 10 na humus ko 1 lita na kaji da aka watsa a cikin lita 10 na ruwa). Idan babu kwayoyin halitta, zaku iya ƙara 30 g na ammonium nitrate, bayan narke shi a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Manyan riguna na Foliar tare da maganin urea 0.2% yana da tasiri.
Idan ƙasa takan zama acidic, gari mai lemun tsami ya kamata a ƙara a cikin ammonium nitrate a cikin rabo na 1: 1
A karo na biyu a wannan kakar, ana buƙatar ciyar da cherries bayan girbin. A wannan lokacin, takin mai magani na nitrogen basa bada gudummawa. Zai fi kyau takin tare da jiko ash (1 a lita 10 na ruwa) ko kuma tare da maganin 2 tablespoons na potassium chloride da 3 tablespoons na superphosphate a lita 10 na ruwa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa superphosphate yana da wuya a narke a cikin ruwan sanyi, zai fi kyau a haɗa shi da ɗan ƙaramin ruwan zafi sannan kawai a kara shi a mafita.
Formationwararren masarufi da kuma ma'amala
Ya kamata a kirkiro kambi ta hanyar da itaciyar ke girma a cikin nisa (wannan yana sauƙaƙe girbi), kuma tushe a tsayi na 35-45 cm. Ya kamata a bar rassan skeleton a cikin adadin 7-10 guda a nesa na 10-15 cm, rassan tsayi fiye da rabin mita - yanke zuwa reshe na gefen.
Ana yin datsa kowace shekara a cikin bazara - kafin farkon kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace - ko a watan Oktoba. Da farko dai, an yanke rassan bushe da marasa lafiya. To, kambin ya fizge fita, cire rassan da ke girma a ciki. Kuma da na uku da yanke danda harbe. Ba shi yiwuwa a yanka guguwar shekara-shekara, tunda kwaɓar ƙwayoyin cuta a kansu.
Karin kwari: yadda ake yaƙi
Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai 'yan cututtuka da kwari a cikin wannan iri-iri. Yi la'akari da matakan sarrafawa da rigakafin.
Darajan phawaƙwalwa (Weevil)
Wannan irin ƙwaro shine launuka rasberi na zinariya 5-10 mm a girma. Winters a cikin ƙasa na sama Layer, tare da farko na zafi yakan zuwa tabbata. Yana ciyar da ganye, ganye, matasa, furanni, fure, ovaries. Idan baku yi yaƙi da shi ba, zai iya lalata amfanin gona gaba ɗaya.
Cherry weevil na iya lalata amfanin gona ceri gaba ɗaya
Effectiveaƙƙarfan matakan hanawa shine ƙarshen ƙarshen digging na magunan bishiyoyi zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm kuma (ko) digging farkon bazara. Tabbatacce ne kuma yana da kyau a shafa farin ruwan inzali na boles tare da cire tsohuwar, busasshiyar haushi.
A farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na safiya har yanzu bai wuce 5-10 ° C ba, zaku iya girgiza ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin a kan masana'anta ko fim. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, zaka iya amfani da magungunan kashe qwari (alal misali, alamomi), da bin umarnin mai ƙira.
Sawwararriyar Saw Cutter
Wannan kwaro mara ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta an rarraba shi sosai a cikin yankin da ba chernozem ba.
Yankin hibernate a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai santsi (2-3 cm) na ƙasa, ɗalibai a watan Yuni. Ctan ƙaramar baƙar fata (5-6 mm) tare da fuka-fuki huɗu masu fadowa daga cikin kwandon shara a cikin Yuli. Mace ta sanya ƙwai a ƙasan ganyen, wanda larvae ya bayyana bayan makonni 1-2. Suna cinye daskararren ganyayyaki, suna barin kogunan cikin kwanciyar hankali. Bar juya launin rawaya, bushe da crumble. Tare da mahimmancin rauni, itaciyar na iya yin rauni sosai.
Tsutsa na ceri sawfly gnaws m ɓangaren litattafan almara na ganye, barin veins
A watan Satumba na, larvae bar na hunturu.
Digging da kuma kwance saman, kamar yadda a game da ceri weevil, da muhimmanci rage yawan kwari.
A lokacin fitowar taro na larvae, ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da ɗayan hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- jiko na taba ko shag;
- jiko na wormwood;
- 0.7% maganin soda ash;
- 10-30% maganin malathion.
Cutar Lyubskaya Cherry
Cherubskaya cherries na iya shafar moniliosis da coccomycosis. A cikin manyan maganganun, wannan yana haifar da mutuwar ganye, furanni, itace.
Cherry moniliosis, ko 'ya'yan itace launin toka, yanzu yaɗu cikin yankuna da yawa na yanayi
An kusan tabbatar da rigakafin lokaci don sauƙaƙa cututtuka. Wannan lamari ne idan rigakafin ya fi sauki waraka. Don dalilai na rigakafin, kaka (bayan girbi) da bazara (kafin ganye a buɗe) ana fesa su da ruwa na Bordeaux.
Idan alamun farko na cutar sun bayyana, ana kula da bishiyoyi nan da nan tare da fungicides (wata hanya don magance cututtukan fungal). Yanzu ana samar da shirye-shirye masu inganci masu inganci na aikin tsari.
Tsarin tsari na nufin cewa miyagun ƙwayoyi, samun kan farfajiya na shuka, an canza shi zuwa wasu sassa daga ciki.
Bayan sa'o'i 2-4, ruwan sama ba zai iya wanke maganin ba, zaiyi aiki na makonni 2-3. Irin waɗannan magungunan marasa lahani ga ɗan adam, wasu na iya bi da su kwanaki 5-7 kafin girbi (Quadris, Horus, da sauransu).
Ganyayyaki da rassan da naman alade ya shafa dole ne a cire su daga shafin ko kuma ƙone su.
Me muke yi da amfanin gona
Ana amfani da tumatir Lyubka musamman don sarrafawa. Tunda kashi yana iya kasancewa cikin sauƙi, kuma kutum-kutun yana riƙe kamanninsa kuma baya fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wannan ceri yana da kyau:
- matsawa;
- ceri a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace;
- 'ya'yan itace candied;
- jam, jam;
- compotes, ruwan 'ya'yan itace;
- blanks for dumplings, pies, pies.
Babban sikelin da giyar ceri suna da mashahuri sosai. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, inda rana take da yawa, berriesan itacen yana girma da ƙoshin lafiya kuma ana iya cinye sabo.
Bita na ceri Lyubskaya
A bazara kafin na ƙarshe, Na sayi ceri seedling tare da rufaffiyar tushe, Lyubskaya iri-iri. Dasaren, a cikin bazara bana son wurin zama, na haye shi tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa zuwa sabon wuri. My cry fure kamar mahaukaci, da ganyayyaki ba bayyane, girbi kuma yarda. A wannan shekara hoto iri ɗaya. Itace mai tsayi sama da mita, amma girbi, ga alama, zai gamsar da wannan shekara. :) A bit fushi a bara girman berries, bari mu ga abin da ya faru a cikin wannan.
Lenka//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=1752
Ta tattarawa, ana iya lura da cewa nau'in ceri na Lyubskaya yana da fa'idodi mafi mahimmanci fiye da rashin amfani. Dasawa da girma suna samuwa har ga masu farawa da mutane masu aiki. Ta hanyar dasa irin waɗannan bishiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukunin yanar gizonku, bayan 'yan shekaru zaku iya ba wa danginku kayan girbi mai dadi da lafiya don hunturu ba tare da ƙarancin aiki ba.
