Game da girma itacen apple Idared

Nasara mai kyau ta hunturu wacce aka samo a Amurka a 1935, ta yadu zuwa Turai. Yana da masana'antu, amma har ila yau yana da ban sha'awa don haɓaka a cikin lambunan gida saboda kyawawan dandano, kiyaye ingancin da safarar 'ya'yan itatuwa. Yana da sauƙi girma Idared - za mu gaya muku yadda ake yin shi.

Bayanin sa

Varietyan itace iri-iri daga latean Amurka da daminar hunturu. A gwajin iri-iri na jihar tun daga shekarar 1973, a cikin Rajistar Jiha tun 1986 a Arewacin Caucasus, Lower Volga da Arewa-Western. An girma ko'ina cikin Ukraine. Yankin yankin masana'antu a Rasha shine Kuban. Idared yana da matsakaiciyar matsakaici - har zuwa 3.5 m - bishiyar tare da katako mai launin pyramidal, lokacin farin ciki mai kauri (wasu lokuta mara sa'a). Itace zai iya girma zuwa mita shida, idan an ɗora seedling a kan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar jini mai ƙarfi. Gindi da rassan kwarangwal suna da ƙarfi, babba, madaidaiciya. Daban-daban na cakuda fruiting type, lura tare da dukan tsawon daga cikin rassan ba tare da daukan hotuna. Yawancin lokaci, an bar apple biyu ko uku don ɗaukar safa. A kan rassan shekaru biyu biyu da uku, ana kafa garkunan 'ya'yan itace mai yawa a cikin shekaru masu amfani. High-samar da gwaggwabar riba iri-iri tare da fruiting na yau da kullun. A cikin ƙasa ta Krasnodar, ana lura da yawan kayan amfanin shekara-shekara a matakin 300-400 c / ha, wanda wani lokacin yakan kai 500 c / ha. Treeaya daga itaciya guda shida - shekaru bakwai da haihuwa yakan ba da kilo 30 na apples. Bayan ya kai shekara 10-13, wannan adadi ya hau kilo 90-100. Yana ɗaukar itingan itace a tsakiyar tushen hannun jari a 5-6th shekara. Iri-iri shine rashin aikin kai. A cikin Kuban, masu yin pollin sune nau'ikan bishiyun apple Red Delicious, Wagner da Kuban spur. A cikin yanayin kudancin yana da kyawawan yanayin hunturu da haƙuri mai haƙuri. Yana da rigakafi ga launin toka launin ruwan kasa, matsakaici wanda ya shafi mildew powdery da kuma scab. Kwanannin farkon furanni - ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu. Wani lokacin wannan yakan haifar da mutuwar furanni daga dawowar sanyi.

Gindi da rassan kwarangwal na itacen apple na Idared suna da ƙarfi, babba, madaidaiciya

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na da nauyin nauyin 140, matsakaici - 170 grams. Siffar ta zagaye, mara nauyi, farfajiya tayi laushi, an rufe ta da murfin kakin zuma. A fata na bakin ciki ne, koren haske mai haske da carmine mai haske ko kuma rasberi mai haske. Namiji yana da launi mai mau kirim, mai laushi da yawa lokacin da aka dauko shi, a ƙarshen rayuwar shiryayye zai zama mai kyau-grained kuma ya kwance. Danshi yana da kyau, mai daɗi kuma mai tsami, ƙanshin yana da rauni. Assessmentididdigar dandano game da tarihin iri-iri ya faɗi daga maki 4.5 zuwa 4.0.

Apples suna riƙe da kyau a kan rassan ba tare da fashewa ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari yawancinsu ana girbe su a ƙarshen Satumba kuma a adana su a cikin kantin sanyi har zuwa sabon amfanin gona. Sun yi haƙuri da jigilar kayayyaki da kyau, fitowar samfuran kasuwancin shine 88-92%. Babban dalilin na kowa ne, amma akasarin kayan zaki.

Dasa bishiyar itacen apple ta Idared

Don yin shuka a shafin yanar gizon bishiyar ta Idared apple, kuna buƙatar sanin ƙa'idodi na wannan tsari.

Yadda zaka zabi wurin da zaka sauka

Idan ba a zaɓi wurin dasa shukar itacen apple daidai ba, to duk ƙarin yunƙurin girma na iya zama mara amfani. Ya kamata mai lambu ya san cewa don rayuwar ɗan itacen ɓawon itace ya wajaba a dasa shi a cikin ingantaccen litfi, wuri mai iska, an kiyaye shi daga iska mai ƙarfi ta arewa, tare da sako-sako, ƙwallaye, maras gurɓataccen ƙasa. A wannan yanayin ne kawai mutum zai iya tsammanin (tare da kulawa ta dace) ingantaccen 'ya'yan itatuwa masu inganci. A iri-iri ne unpretentious ga kasar gona da takin gargajiya.

Ta yaya, lokacin da za'a karba da shuka seedling

Abu na biyu da ake bukata don nasarar shukar itacen apple shine siyayya kayan dasa kayan masarufi. Za ku iya tabbata cewa alamun halayen da suka nuna sun yi daidai ne kawai in kun sayi seedling a cikin gandun daji na musamman ko daga mai siyarwa wanda yake amintacce. A cikin bazara, lokacin da wuraren girke-girke ke aiwatar da tarin digging na seedlings na siyarwa, akwai wadataccen zaɓi na tsire-tsire masu inganci. Ya kamata ka san cewa ɗayan itacen apple guda ɗaya da biyu suna ɗaukar tushe mafi kyau. Manyan tsofaffi suna fama da mummunar juyawa. Kuma kuna buƙatar kula da yanayin tushen tsarin - dole ne ya sami tushen da aka kirkira ba tare da thickenings, cones, growths ba. Haushi daga itacen ya kamata ya zama santsi, ba tare da fasa da lalacewa.

Tushen tushen seedling ya kamata a inganta sosai

Sanannen abu ne cewa mafi kyawun lokacin shuka kowane tsire-tsire 'ya'yan itace shine farkon bazara. Lokacin dasa, shuka ya kamata a huta - za su farka tuni a cikin sabon wuri. Adana su har sai an dasa su a ƙasa ko a cikin ɓarna a zazzabi na + 1-5 ° C. A cikin duka halayen, an riga an tsamo tushen a cikin daskararren yumɓu na ruwa da mullein don hana bushewa fita.

Matakan-mataki-mataki don dasa bishiyar apple

Tsarin dasa ba ya ƙunshi duk wani aiki da ba ɗan masanin da ya san shi ba. Don farawa, muna ba da umarnin mataki-mataki-mataki:

1. A lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar shirya rami mai saukowa. Suna yin shi kamar haka:
   1. Sun tono rami mai isa girma. Yawanci, diamita ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 0.8-1.0 m, da zurfin kusan 0.7 m Lokacin da dasa shuki a kan yashi da yashi loamy ƙasa mara kyau a cikin humus, ƙara girman ramin rami ya karu zuwa 1-1.5 m³ kuma mafi.
      

      Yawanci, diamita na ramin saitin ya kamata ya zama tsakanin 0.8-1.0 m da zurfin kusan 0.7 m

   2. Shirya cakuda mai gina jiki don tsire-tsire na gaba kuma cika shi tare da rami zuwa saman. Don yin wannan, haɗa a cikin sassan daidai chernozem, peat, humus da yashi. Bugu da ƙari, ana zuba kilogiram 0.5 na superphosphate da lita 1 na itacen ash.
2. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki, tushen seedling suna soyayye a cikin wani bayani na haɓaka mai haɓaka (Heteroauxin, Epin, Kornevin, da dai sauransu) na awanni da yawa.
3. A cikin tsakiyar ramin saukowa, yi rami tare da sufficientarfin da ya isa ya saukar da tushen systeman itacen apple na shi. A nesa na santimita 10-15 daga tsakiya, ana tura katako mai tsayi 1-1.3 m.
4. An kafa tarko a cikin rami, a saman sa wanda aka sa tushen wuya a ƙwanƙwasa, saiwoyin sa suna bazu ko'ina.
5. Sun cika ramin da ƙasa, suna ɗaura su a cikin yadudduka. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa tushen wuyan shuka ya ƙarshe a matakin ƙasa.
   

   Tushen an rufe shi da ƙasa, yana yin tamping a cikin yadudduka
6. Bayan haka, an ɗaura ƙwayar seeding a fegi tare da kayan taushi, na roba, don guje wa murƙushe haushi.
7. Da diamita daga cikin rami saukowa ta amfani da chopper ko ploskorez samar da wani akwati gangar jikin.
8. Yankin shayar da ƙasa, tabbatar da ta dace da tushen da kuma kawar da iska sinuses.
   

   Bayan dasa shuki seedling, ruwa kasar gona da yawa

9. An yanke babban mai yin shuka zuwa tsayin 0.8-1.0 m, kuma an yanke rassan zuwa 20 cm santimita.

Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa

An yi imani da cewa iri-iri Idared ba a fassara shi cikin kulawa, don haka yana da sauƙi a haɓaka shi.

Yadda ake shayar da itacen apple

Saboda haƙurin fari, nau'in ban ruwa bazai dauki lokaci mai yawa ba. Hudu yawanci isasshen lokaci ɗaya. Lokaci na farko ana shayar da itacen apple kafin fure, na biyu bayan fure, na uku a watan Agusta. A ƙarshen kaka, ana yin abubuwan ban ruwa na gargajiya pre-hunturu. Wannan mulkin ya shafi itacen girma tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen sa. A cikin shekaru 5-6 na farko zai zama dole ruwa sau da yawa - har zuwa sau 8-10 a kowace kakar. A shekara ta 3-4 bayan dasawa, itaciyar zata buƙaci ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki.

Tebur: Jadawalin takin taki na Idared

Don takin itacen apple, zaka iya amfani da jiko na ciyawar sabo a cikin ruwan dumi

Amfanin gona mai datti da gyaran fuska

Yana da mahimmanci kafa kambi na itace a farkon shekarun rayuwarsa. Wannan aiki yana gudana ne a farkon bazara kafin farkon kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Itace a wannan lokacin ya kamata har yanzu ya kasance a hutawa, buds ba su kumbura. Ya kamata ku zaɓi fom ɗin da ɗan lambu zai ba da kambi. Idan itacen yana kan tsayi mai zurfi, ana bada shawara don ba shi nau'in gargajiya mai tsalle-tsalle na gargajiya.

Yawancin lokaci ana ba da itatuwan itaciya a kambi mai ƙyalli

Dangane da tushen dwarf, yana da kyau zaɓi zaɓi mai fasalin-kofi wanda ke ba da haske mai kyau, iska mai kambi, da kuma dacewa da kula da itacen da 'ya'yan itace. Don cimma wannan hanyar, a cikin bazara na shekara ta biyu kana buƙatar zaɓar rassa 3-4 a kan shuka na matasa da ke girma a cikin bangarori daban-daban kuma yanke su zuwa tsawon 30-40 santimita. Wadannan sune rassan kwarangwal nan gaba. Duk sauran harbe an yanke "a cikin zobe." Kuma kuma yanke tsakiya shugaba sama da tushe na babba shoot. Bayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu, ana kafa rassan 1-2 na tsari na biyu akan rassan kwarangwal, a datsa su zuwa 20-30 santimita. Duk sauran harbe da aka kafa akan rassan kwarangwal an yanke su.

Ana amfani da samuwar kambi-kamannin gasar cin kofin itacen apple na Idared akan hannun jari

Kowace shekara a cikin bazara, ana yin gyaran abubuwa don fitar da kambi na bakin ciki idan ya cancanta. Gaskiya ne gaskiya tare da kirkirar-kofin, tunda yana tsoratar da haɓakar fiɗa. A ƙarshen kaka, bayan dakatar da kwararar ruwan itace, ana cire tsabtace tsabtace kambi - bushe, mara lafiya da lalatattun an cire su.

Cutar da kwari

Don hana cututtukan da za a iya yiwuwa da kwari, ana ɗaukar matakan rigakafi da matakan tsabta.

Tebur: matakan kariya a cikin itacen apple

Insecticides sune kwayoyi don sarrafa kwari masu cutarwa.

Ana kiran fungicides kwayoyi don magance cututtukan fungal.

Magungunan rigakafi suna haɗuwa da rukuni biyu na kwayoyi, kuma sun haɗa da acaricides (magungunan kula da kula).

Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa iri-iri ne

Lambu a cikin sake duba sun ambaci yawan nasarar da aka samu a kan itacen apple Idared tare da scab da mildew mai ƙarfi.

Scab

Wannan cututtukan fungal yana bayyana kanta a cikin bazara a cikin yanayin babban zafi da yanayin sanyi. A cikin rani mai ruwa, shan kashi zai iya kaiwa kashi 100%. Spotsanan ƙaramin launin ruwan launi-ruwan zaitun a kan ganyayyaki, sannan scab ɗin ta wuce zuwa fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen. Forms putrefactive aibobi a kansu, saman fasa. Don neman magani na gaggawa, ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari na Strobi, wanda ba kawai yana iya magance alamun cutar ba, amma yana toshe yaduwar naman gwari, yana kashe masu lalata.

Scab a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa siffofin putrefactive aibobi da fasa

Powdery mildew

Mazaunin naman gwari suna mutuwa a cikin hunturu da sanyi a ƙasa -20 ° C. Saboda haka, mildew powdery yana shafar tsire-tsire a cikin yankuna na kudanci, inda lokacin bazara yake da wuya. Da farko, spores girma a kan matasa ganye da harbe, rufe su da wani m shafi na kashe-fararen launi. Bayan ɗan lokaci, plaque ya yi duhu, ya zama launin ruwan kasa, yana da dige. A lokacin rani, yana coarsens, juya zuwa jikin fruiting na baki naman kaza. Ganyayyaki da harbe-harben da aka shafa, maras kyau, daina girma da bushewa. Hanyoyin hanawa da sarrafawa iri daya ne da na scab.

Powdery mildew spores tsiro a kan matasa ganye da harbe, rufe su da datti, farar, m shafi

Bidiyon: mildew foda a kan itacen apple

Moniliosis

Akwai nau'i biyu na bayyanuwar cutar. Na farko shine mai ƙona monilial. A cikin bazara, furanni, ganye matasa da harbe an buga, wanda, a sakamakon haka, za, juya launin ruwan kasa. Nau'i na biyu na cutar yana shafan itatuwan apple a lokacin rani tare da fruitan itace. Kuma kuma bayyanarsa a lokacin adana apples mai yiwuwa ne. Duk sassan da abin ya shafa na shuka ya kamata a cire su kuma lalacewa; an yanke harbe tare da wani yanki na itace mai lafiya. Hanyoyin fungicides na zamani sun sami nasarar shawo kan matsalar.

A lokacin rani, moniliosis yana shafar 'ya'yan itacen da keɓaɓɓen launin toka

Wataƙila Alkawari

Yakamata a yi maganin kwari kafin alamun cutar su bayyana.

Asu apple

Abubuwan da ke cikin ciyawa sune sakamakon kayen itacen da karamin tsami (1-2 cm) malam buɗe ido da daddare. Jirginta ya tashi a cikin watan Afrilu - Mayu. Tsawon lokacin shine watanni 1-1.5. Malam buɗe ido yana sanya ƙwai a cikin kambi na itacen apple a saman ɓangaren ganye. Wannan yana faruwa kwanaki 7-10 bayan fure. Crawling daga cikin qwai, da matafila shiga cikin 'ya'yan itãcen, gnaw tsaba. Zai yi kyau mu ringa maganin kwari bayan an gama fure, yayin da malam buɗe ido bai sami lokacin sa ƙwai ba. An maimaita magani sau biyu tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 1-2.

Caterpillars na tuffa codling asu suna cin 'ya'yan itace

Apple Blossom

Darkananann launi masu launin shuɗi-duhu. Winters a cikin ƙasa na kusa-kara da'irori, kuma a farkon spring tashi zuwa kambi. Mace ta sanya kwai ɗaya a lokaci guda a cikin fure na fure, tsutsa da ke fitowa yana cin inflorescence daga ciki, sannan tana goge shi da rufin asirin. Ingancin rigakafin shine amfani da belts na farauta, girgiza ƙwanƙwasa a kan zuriyar dabbobi a low (har -5 ° C) zafin jiki da kuma maganin kashe kwari.

Tsutsa daga cikin ƙwayar fure irin ƙwaro fure yana lalata inflorescence daga ciki

Aphids

Wadannan ƙananan kwari sun saba da kowane mai lambu da mai lambu. Yawancin lokaci sukan fada akan bishiya tare da taimakon tururuwa waɗanda suke son cin abinci a kan abubuwan ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen aphid. Babbar farauta da fararen hular fata za su ba da kariya daga wannan annobar. Idan aphid har yanzu ya zauna a cikin ganyayyaki da harbe na itacen apple, to magani na kashe kwari zai taimaka wajen kawar dashi. An juya shi a cikin bututu, dole ne a yanke ganyayyaki kuma a lalata kafin sarrafawa, tunda mafita ba zai isa wurin ba lokacin aiki.

Aphid ɗin yana kan ciki daga ganyen

Sake Gani

Re: Idared. Don samar da masana'antu, iri-iri abin kyama ne ... Ana bugunsa da yawa ta hanyar scab da mildew mai ƙarfi ... Yana buƙatar ɗimbin yawa na jiyya ... Kuma waɗannan abubuwan sun rigaya sun isa ... A cikin tsoffin gidajen lambuna sun kasance saboda ƙarancin analogues ...

sleg, Ukraine

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Re: Idared Na kira wannan nau'in "mai ban dariya" saboda yana da fassarori masu yawa cikin abun ciki.Ga masu farawa da kuma haɓakar masana'antu yana da kyau ba a samu ba. Unpretentious, a kwatanta da sauran iri ba ya yin rashin lafiya, sauƙi kafa, m of trimming. Don ɗanɗano, hakika, mara ƙarfi, amma wanda ya dasa zai kasance tare da apples koyaushe.

Sphinx, yankin Lugansk, Ukraine

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9718

Re: Idared. Godiya ga maraba, kowace shekara tare da apples. Ana buƙatar raba abinci, da kuma jiyya da yawa daga scab. Watakila saboda kafin a samu gonar gama gari a gefen hanya, sun ce an sare ta ne saboda rashin lafiya. Ban lura da mildew mai ƙara ba, kodayake wannan babban bala'i ne a kowace shekara akan gooseberries da currants. A bara, daidai sa har Mayu. A cikin wannan na danna tare da fungicides, riga rot. Da sauri ka haɗiye. Dandanar ba ta da kyau, amma ba ta yi muni ba fiye da ATB-shnyh filastik filastik tabbas.

ser_128, Ukraine

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9718

Dole ne kowane ɗan adam ya sayi apple mai saida gashi. A halin yanzu, iri-iri suna asarar ƙasa a cikin kasuwannin Turai saboda fitowar yawancin masu kama da ingantattun kaddarorin. Amma, saboda unpretentiousness a cikin barin, babban garanti yawan aiki da kuma dogon sharuddan amfani 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ana iya bada shawara don namo a cikin ƙasa da kuma shirye-shiryen sirri.