Duk game da pruning apple itatuwa

Ba kamar wasu treesan itacen ba, itacen apple yana buƙatar kambi na tilas da kuma daskarewa na yau da kullun. Idan babu wannan matakin, mutum ba zai iya dogaro kan amfanin gona da ingancin 'ya'yan itacen da aka ambata ba. Dole ne a fahimci mai lambu sosai - ta yaya kuma me yasa ake wannan girkin, yadda za'ayi shi daidai.

Itace bishiyar bishiyar Apple

Ba shi yiwuwa a bayar da ainihin ka'idodin kalanda don pruning itacen apple - sun dogara da nau'in pruning da yankin namo. Ka'idar asali ta yanke hukunci game da yiwuwar pruning ita ce cewa ana iya aiwatar da wannan aikin ne kawai lokacin da itacen yake hutawa. Kuma wannan yana nuna cewa a lokacin da ake yin ruwan bazara ana yin ta ne kafin a fara kwararar ruwan, watau kafin kodan ya kumbura. Kada kuyi wannan da wuri - sau da yawa dawo da ƙanƙan ƙasa a ƙasa -15 ° C yana haifar da cutar itace tare da cytosporosis. Amma kuma ba a son zama latti - tare da fara aiki ya kwarara, raunin zai warkar da rauni kuma na dogon lokaci, wanda hakan ke haifar da zubar jini, gudawar jini da kuma raunana bishiyar apple. Ya kamata a sani yanzunnan cewa yawancin nau'in pruning ana yin su daidai a cikin bazara. Autumn pruning ya kamata a da za'ayi bayan ƙarshen girma kakar. Bugu da ƙari, kwanakin farkon bazara sun dace da duk yankuna, da damina - kawai don yankuna masu daɗin bazara mai ɗumi. A lokacin rani, an ba shi damar cire ko gajarta rassa na bakin ciki tare da diamita ba fiye da mm 5-8.

Babban nau'in cropping

Ya danganta da burin da aka saita da kuma ayyukan da za'a iya warwarewa, yin abubuwa shidda ya kasu kashi da yawa. Ana yin wannan ne don saukaka fahimtar abin da rassan suke buƙatar yanke ko gajarta.

Maballin kwalliyar bishiyar apple a yanayi daban-daban

Samuwar kambi mataki ne na tilas a cikin kula da itacen apple, wanda aka yi a farkon shekarun bayan dasa. Idan kun tsallake wannan matakin, to, abin da ake kira kambi mai tasowa zai samo asali, wanda ke da rashi da yawa:

• Kambin ya zama mai kauri sosai, ƙarar cikin ta yana da talauci kuma tana samun iska. Wannan ya zama ingantaccen abu don ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban da kuma yawan mutanen itacen tare da mazaunan kwaro.
• Rashin girman bishiyar bishiyar da bata sarrafa shi yana haifar da girmanta, wanda yake haifar da matsaloli wajen kulawa dashi da kuma asarar wani yanki na amfanin gona.
• Branchesasashe masu rarrafe sau da yawa sukan fito daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa ga jagoran tsakiya, wanda ke haifar da samuwar cokali mai yatsa. A sakamakon haka, kambi ya zama mai rauni, wasu rassa zasu iya fashewa ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona.
• Akwai lokuta da yawa akan samuwar biyu zuwa uku kusan kwatankwacin kwatancen, wanda kuma ba daidai bane.
  

  Itacen apple mai girma mai 'yanci yana da kambi mai kauri tare da rassa masu girma

A halin yanzu, an ɗan sanannu wasu launuka daban na kambi na itacen apple. Yi la'akari da mafi yawan amfani.

Rawanin mara tsalle-tsalle

Mafi tsufa daga cikin tsarin. Cikakken yanayi ne, galibi ana amfani dashi ga dogayen bishiyoyi. Irin wannan samuwar ya kunshi kirkirar manyan bangarori biyu zuwa uku a cikin shekaru hudu zuwa shida bayan dasa shuki. A kan samuwar kowane bene shine shekaru 1-2. An dage tsayin dutsen kara a matakin 40-60 santimita.

Kara daga tushe ne tun daga tushe har zuwa tushe na kasan kwarangwal.

Yawan rassan kwarangwal a kowane bene na iya zama daga ɗaya zuwa uku, ya kamata a sanya su ta yadda za'a nuna su ta fuskoki daban-daban kuma kada su tsoma baki da juna. Idan kambi bai cika cikakke ba, to a kan wasu rassan kwarangwal ku bar reshe ɗaya ko biyu na tsari na biyu.

Ana amfani da kamannin tsalle-tsalle na kambi don nau'ikan itatuwan apple

Gasar cin kofin

Tsarin kambi a cikin nau'i na kwano kwanan nan ya zama sananne sosai ga yawancin bishiyoyi masu yawa na ƙananan girma da matsakaici. Wannan tsari yana bayar da:

• Ikon tsayi na itace.
• Ingantaccen haske a cikin dukkan girman kambi.
• Kyakkyawan iska.
• Sauƙaƙa da kulawar itace da girbi.

Akwai nau'ikan baka biyu:

• Masa mai sauƙi - rassan kambi suna kan matakin ɗaya.
• Bowlarfafa kwano - rassa suna kusa da juna.
  

  Kwancen kambi mai kamannin kambi ya shahara ga ƙanana da matsakaiciyar tsayi ta furanni

Zaɓin na biyu ya fi dacewa, saboda a wannan yanayin rassan suna iya ɗaukar babban kaya. Domin bayar da itacen-apple giyar siffar lokacin dasa shuki seedling, yanke shi zuwa tsawo na 60-80 santimita. Bayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu, an zaɓi 3-4 daga cikin mafi ƙarfi rassan daga rassan da suka bayyana, wanda yake a nesa na santimita 10-15 daga juna (a cikin yanayin samar da kwano mai ƙarfi) da haɓaka a cikin daban-daban kwatance. Wadannan sune rassan kwarangwal nan gaba. An yanke su da 40-50%, kuma an cire sauran rassan gaba daya. Irin wannan pruning tsokani ƙara samuwar a kai harbe da kuma fi, haifar da thickening da kambi. Sabili da haka, a nan gaba, kowace shekara, wajibi ne don aiwatar da tsarin sarrafawa kuma tabbatar da cewa rassan kwarangwal din sun kasance daidai, i.e., sune tsayi guda. Ba shi yiwuwa a ba da izinin yanayin inda ɗayan reshe zai mamaye kuma ya ɗauki matsayin mai jagoran tsakiya - kasancewar sa an cire shi tare da wannan samuwar.

Gwanin itacen-apple a siffar kwano yana da kyau kuma yana yin iska

Applean itacen apple mai ƙarfi

Tsarin kambi mai kamannin zamani ya zama yaduwa a cikin gidajen lambuna. Ana amfani dashi galibi ga tsire-tsire akan dwarf da root -cks dwarf rootstocks. Yawancin lokaci suna samar da shaft tare da tsawo na santimita 40-50, tsayin itace a tsakanin mita 2.5-3.5 da girman rawanin mita 3.5-4. Don yin wannan:

1. A lokacin da dasa shuki seedling, an cire buds da twigs a tsayin da ake buƙata na tushe.
2. An yanke babban injin na tsakiya zuwa tsawo na 80 santimita a yanayin saɓin tsinkayar shekara. Tsawon shekaru biyu, wannan tsayin zai zama santimita 100-120.
3. Shekara guda bayan dasawa, bar rassan ƙananan ƙananan 5-7 kuma ɗaure su zuwa matakin kwance don iyakance haɓaka. An cire harbe-harbe masu wucewa.
4. A cikin shekaru 3-4 na gaba, da yawa ƙarin tiers of rassan ana irin wannan kafa, yankan fi fi da harbe cewa thicken kambi. Bayan itacen ya kai tsayin da ake buƙata, ana iya yanke mai jagoran ta tsakiya.
   

   Spindle-dimbin yawa kambi kafa shi ne mafi yawan gama gari a cikin gidãjen Aljanna m

5. A nan gaba, m matakin zai kunshi rassa na dindindin na kwarangwal, da kuma manyan fa'idodin fruiting na shekaru uku zuwa hudu, ana maye gurbinsu lokaci-lokaci yayin girke girke.

Super spindle

Wannan hanyar ta bambanta da ta baya a cikin ƙaramin rawanin kambi (0.8-1.2 mita), wanda ya zama dole don tsayayyen filaye. Ka'idojin samuwar iri daya ne kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, kawai shugabar ta tsakiya bai kamata a yanke ta ba, tunda wannan yana tsoratar da haɓaka daga rassan gefen. Kuma sau da yawa ana kafa ta wannan hanyar, bishiyoyin apple suna buƙatar garters don gungume ko trellis.

Itatuwan apple wanda aka kafa ta nau'ikan super-spindle na buƙatar garter zuwa gungume ko trellis

Kirkirar bishiyoyin apple akan trellis

Lokacin gudanar da narkar da bishiyoyin apple, an ƙara yin amfani da trellis. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana iya amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan kambi:

• lebur mai laushi;
• super spindle;
• nau'ikan dabino;
• fan;
• kowane irin igiyoyi da sauran su.

Abinda ya hada su shine cewa rawanin bishiyoyin suna cikin jirgin sama daya. A lokaci guda, ana samun ingantaccen amfani da yankuna, an sami saukin kulawa da girbi. Duk rassa akan trellis suna samun iska mai kyau kuma suna karɓar isasshen haske. A cikin aikin lambu na gida, wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar shuka bishiyoyin apple da sauran tsire-tsire, suna sanya rawaninsu a bangon ginin ko shinge, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin damar don adana shafin.

Hoto na hoto: itacen apple na samar da zaɓuɓɓuka don narkar da trellis

Weeping Apple Tree Formation

Wannan mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani dashi don dalilai na ado don yin ado da shafin. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don ƙirƙirar shi. A farkon magana, ana shuka irin daskararren nau'in kuka mai banƙyama ko kuma mafi yawan tsiron wannan nau'in an haɗa shi da hannun jari. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da bishiyoyin apple wanda aka bred a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kudancin Ural na Abinci da Nutrition (Cibiyar Bincike na Shuka da Dankali) wanda ya danganta da tsohuwar nau'in Jamusanci Eliza Ratke (aka Vydubetskaya kuka):

• Banmamaki;
• Jung;
• Kasa;
• Bratchud (Brotheran'uwan Babban Abin Al'ajabi).
  

  Hawaye apple itacen Bratchud - hunturu-Hardy iri-iri na matsakaici-hunturu ripening zamani

Wadannan bishiyoyin apple, ban da halayen kayan ado, sun kara ƙarfin sanyi kuma suna iya jure dusar ƙanƙan ƙasa har zuwa -40 ° C. Ban da su, akwai kuma kyawawan nau'ikan kayan itacen apple masu kuka da 'ya'yan itatuwa mara nauyi.

Amma tun da ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a sami seedling ko stalk na irin wannan itacen apple, zaku iya zuwa ta biyu - yi amfani da hanyar juyar da alurar riga kafi. A lokaci guda, bishiyar apple tare da karar tazarar mita biyu girma, kuma a wannan matakin an gra grad 3-4 ta amfani da hanyar "gefen hanyan incari", yana ajiye su da ƙodan su. Harbe wanda ya bayyana bayan alurar riga kafi an ɗaure shi a cikin matsayin da ya dace kuma shekara guda daga baya an yanke su zuwa ƙodan 3-4 don samun kambi mai yawa. Ana maimaita wannan ɗanyen itace kowace shekara na shekaru uku zuwa huɗu har sai kambin ya cika. A nan gaba, kuna buƙatar kullun bakin ciki a kai a kai kuma cire fi.

Don ƙirƙirar kambi mai ƙyalƙyali, kayan graf na 3-4 tare da alamomin da ke nuna zuwa ƙasa an liƙa su a kan matattarar hannun jari a cikin kaikaice gefen.

Bidiyo: bita akan itacen itacen apple

Nau'i na Flange

A cikin yanayi mai tsauri, don shuka itacen apple, ya zama dole don samar da kambi a cikin wani salon. Ana yin wannan ta yadda zai yuwu a rufe itacen gaba ɗaya don hunturu tare da dusar ƙanƙara ko kuma wasu nau'ikan sutura. Tsarin itace yana farawa daga lokacin dasawa. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi iri tare da kambi mai raɗaɗi na halitta, alal misali, Melba ko Borovinka, amma kuna iya amfani da wasu.

Ganin cewa tsawo daga itaciyar bai wuce santimita 45-50 ba, tushe ba zai wuce santimita 15-20 ba. An kafa rassan kwarangwal na 2-4 a sama da tushe, wanda ya kasance ta hanyar giciye ko crest. Daga lokacin da aka kafa rassa kuma tsawon lokaci ana sanya su cikin kullun. Hakanan an kuma sanya reshen reshen na biyu. Sauran harbe an ba su damar girma da yardar kaina.

A kan aiwatar da kirkirar halittar itace tuffa, rassan kwarangwal da rassa na biyu ana sanya su a kasa

Wani lokaci, tare da irin wannan samuwar, ana ƙirƙirar ɓangarori biyu na rassan kwarangwal wanda ke sama da ɗayan. Amma, kamar yadda al'adarmu ta nuna, wannan hanyar tana da matsala biyu masu rauni:

• Tiarancin rukunin yana cikin inuwar babba, wanda ke haifar da rashin samun iska, kuma wannan, yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban cututtuka.
• Babban bene ya yi girma sosai kuma yana iya daskarewa yayin da lokacin hunturu mai tsananin sanyi.

Bidiyo: Dandalin Bishiyar Tree Apple

Tsarin hatimi

Wataƙila, duk jerin abubuwan da aka lissafa za'a iya danganta su da matsayin. Bayan haka, har ma da itacen itacen apple da aka shuka yana da ɗan ƙaramin ganye. Amma wani lokacin ana kiran wannan da samuwar itacen apple, wanda tsayin dutsen ya kasance aƙalla mita 1.5-2. Zai yi daidai a kira shi babban ƙa'ida. Ana yin wannan sau da yawa tare da maƙasudin kayan ado, ba da a nan gaba rawanin mai sihiri, ellipsoidal, prismatic da sauran siffofin. Don yin wannan, girma boles na da ake bukata tsawo. Zai fi kyau idan suka yi amfani da hannun jari mai ƙarfi, alal misali:

• Bittenfelder;
• Ranar tunawa da Graham;
• A2;
• M11 da sauransu.

Shekaru daya bayan dasa shuki, an sare sikirin matasa ta hanyar 15-20%. A nesa na santimita 10 daga yanke, duk kodan sun makanta, suna barin guda dake saman wurin rigakafin. Bayan shekara daya, lokacin da sabon sabon ya fito daga koda, an ɗaure shi tsaye a tsaye zuwa hagun hemp tare da gasa ko wasu kayan na roba. Daga wannan harba, za a kafa ma'auni. Bayan matashi mai “ya tuna” matsayinsa na daidai, an yanke kututture da wuka mai kaifi. Bayan haka, sai a datse rassan gefen har sai tsayin kara ya kai yadda ake so. A bayyane yake cewa mafi girman tsayin da ake buƙata, tsawon lokacin aikin zai ɗauka. Bayan kai tsayin da ake so, an yanke harbi a tsayin 10-15 santimita a samansa, kuma duk rassa akan wannan sashin an gajarta.

Tsarin ƙirƙirar babban kara na iya ɗaukar shekaru 3-4

Na gaba, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa samuwar kambi. Kuma kada ku manta da su a kai a kai a yanke harbe da ke bayyana a kan tushe kuma daga tushen ko'ina cikin tsawon lokaci.

An ba da babban tarko ga bishiyun apple don dalilai na kayan ado

Tsarin Bush

Wannan samuwar, tare da stanza, yawancin lokuta ana amfani dashi a cikin yanayi mai zafi. Ya yi kama da fitila mai kama da kofi, amma kawai yana da ƙananan kara da kuma adadin manyan rassan kwarangwal. An ƙirƙiri fasalin launi kamar haka:

1. A farkon shekara daya ko biyu bayan dasa shuki, an kirkiro shtamb maras (10-15 cm).
2. Nan da nan sama da shi, an kafa rassan kwarangwal na farkon tsari. A farkon matakin farko na iya zama da yawa - wannan yana da kyau, tunda za su inganta yanayin itacen gaba ɗaya kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban tushen sa. Kawai rassan tare da kusurwoyin saukar ruwa na ƙasa da 45 ° kuma fiye da 80 ° ana cire su a wannan matakin.
3. Babban amfani ga ci gaban shine ya bayar ta mai gudanar da tsakiya, wanda ya dace da rassan kwarangwal ta hanyar rage su.
4. Bayan itacen yana da ƙarfi sosai, sai suka fara fitar da kambi na bakin ciki, suna yanyan ƙarin harbe-harbe waɗanda suke ƙara ƙaruwa na ciki.
5. Bayan haka, ana gudanar da girki na shekara-shekara, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin rassan da keɓaɓɓu zuwa ga lokacin farin ciki. Idan kana son gyara shugabanci na rassan, to, an datse waɗanda ke cikin babban juji, babba a gefe ko a kai.
6. Bayan an gama samuwar (yawanci wannan yana faruwa ne tsawon shekaru 5-6), an yanke mai jagoran na tsakiya sama da ginin reshe na sama.
   

   Kyakkyawan kambi na itacen apple ana yawanci amfani dashi a yankuna tare da yanayin yanayin zafi.

Bidiyo: hanya mai ban sha'awa don ƙirƙirar itacen apple tare da ringing haushi

Daidaita cropping

Isa'idar da ake kira trimming, maƙasudin wanda shine daidaita cikawar ƙimar ciki na kambi don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau da yanayin haske. Idan ya cancanta, ana yin sa a farkon bazara a hade tare da sauran nau'ikan scraps. A lokaci guda, rassan da ke girma a cikin kambi ana yanke su a tsaye (fi) ko ƙasa, kazalika da karkatarwa. Yin wannan matakin, ya kamata ka lura da ma'anar daidaituwa kuma kada ka cire rassan da yawa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa, a matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai wasu igan itacen da yawa a kansu kuma girki mai yawa zai haifar da asarar ɓangaren amfanin gona.

Isa'idar da ake kira trimming, maƙasudin wanda shine daidaita cikawar ƙarar ta ciki don ƙirƙirar sararin iska mai kyau da yanayin haske

Sanitary

Ana yin tsabtace tsabtace cikin tsaka-tsaki a cikin kaka. Lokacin da aka yi shi, an cire busassun, marassa lafiya da lalace. Ana cire sassa na rassan, an yanke su zuwa itace mai lafiya. Idan ya cancanta, ana sake maimaita tsabtacewa a cikin bazara a cikin waɗancan lokuta lokacin da a cikin hunturu wasu iska suka karye ko ƙarƙashin nauyin dusar ƙanƙara.

Tallafi

Don kula da fruiting a matakin babban kullun, ana yin tallafin pruning. Hakanan ana yin shi a cikin bazara kuma a cikin aikinsa akwai sake fasalin sauya fasalin rassa masu girma waɗanda suka fi shekaru uku zuwa huɗu tare da matasa. Rassan suna ƙarƙashin cirewa, haɓakar wanda ya ragu zuwa 10-15 santimita. A wannan yanayin, ana aiwatar da hukuncin rawanin rawanin kambi. Wasu lokuta a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da ake yin girma na harbe matasa, ana gajarta su da santimita 5-10 (wannan hanyar ana kiranta), wacce take kaiwa zuwa ga samar da ƙarin rassa a kai. Bayan haka, girbin fruita forman itace a kan waɗannan rassan, wanda shine ƙaddamar da girbi na shekaru 2-3 masu zuwa.

A reshe na fruiting yakamata yakamata akwai 'ya'yan itace

Anti tsufa

Daga sunan ya bayyana a sarari cewa ana yin wannan matakin ga tsohuwar bishiya don maido da matakin ofa fruan itace da tsawaita rayuwar itaciyar. Har zuwa wani lokaci, ana yin rigakafin tsufa tare da tazara tsakanin shekaru 4-5 yana farawa daga kimanin shekaru goma. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na bukatar sabuntawa an tabbatar dasu ta hanyar wadannan alamomi:

• An ba da amfanin gona kuma an yanyanka 'ya'yan itatuwa.
• Furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa an kafa su ne kawai a ƙarshen rassan kuma a saman bishiya.
• Levelarancin matakin yin harbi, da kuma ƙananan harbe matasa sun yi gajere (ba su wuce 10-15 cm ba).
• Itace ya yi tsayi da kambi mai aiki mai yawa.

Domin sake sabuntawa:

• Ana cire tsoffin sassan kasusuwa da na kasusuwa ko kuma a gajarta sosai.
• Rage girman kambi ta hanyar rage gangar jikin.
• Sanya babbar murfin ciki ta hanyar yanke ma'amala da sauran rassan cudanya.

Idan itacen ya yi sakaci sosai, to, an rarraba adadin aikin da aka tsara don shekaru 2-3, domin ya fi sauƙi ga itacen ya fara aiki.

Dokoki da dabaru don gyarawa

A lokacin da gudanar da pruning apple itatuwa ya kamata bi wasu sharudda. Suna da sauƙi kuma sun ƙunshi waɗannan masu biyowa:

• Ya kamata a cire trimming a kai a kai.
• Ya kamata a yankan kayan aikin yankan (yankuna, wajan shakatawa, filayen lambun, wukakan lambu).
• A bu mai kyau don sanya kayan aiki a hankali kafin fara aiki. Don yin wannan, zaku iya nema:
  • 3% maganin maganin jan karfe;
  • 3% hydrogen peroxide bayani;
  • barasa, da sauransu.
• An yanke rassan duka tare da dabarun “zobe”. Barin kututture ba a yarda da shi ba, tun bayan bushewa sun zama mafaka ga fungi da kwari.
• Ya kamata a yanke rassa masu nauyi a matakai da yawa don gujewa fashewa daga akwati da lalacewar rassan makwabta.
• Bayan pruning, duk sassan tare da diamita wanda ya wuce 10 mm ya kamata a kiyaye shi tare da yanki na varnish lambu.

Yanda zoben ringi

Kowane reshe yana da zobe cambial a gindi. Ana iya furta shi ko kuma ba ya nan gabaɗaya. A farkon lamari, ana aiwatar da yanki daidai wannan zoben.

Idan kuna yanke reshe, ba zaku iya barin kututture ko sare da zurfi a cikin reshen mai bayarwa ba

A karo na biyu, an yanke reshe tare da bisector na kusurwa tsakanin tsinkayen akwati (reshe na mahaifa) da layin yanayin wanda yake daidai da ginin reshen reshen.

Idan babu zobe zoben da aka fadi a gindin reshen da za a cire, ana yin sashin tare da bisector na kusurwa tsakanin gundarinsa zuwa gundarinsa da kuma gundarin gangar jikin (reshe na iyaye)

A koda

Game da takaita harbi, ana yanke wannan "a koda." Ya danganta da wurin da yake, yanki zai iya zama:

• a koda na ciki;
• a koda na waje;
• a gefe koda.

Ya dogara da inda za a gabatar da harbi, wanda daga baya ya girma daga koda na hagu. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a ƙara ko rage diamita na kambi, dangane da buƙata.

Ta hanyar yanke harbe a jikin koda, zaku iya ƙara ko rage diamita na kambi, gwargwadon buƙatu

Lokacin aiwatar da wannan yanki, ya kamata a sanya shi a saman koda tare da santimita 0.5-1 kuma an umurce shi daga sama zuwa ƙasa.

Yankin da aka yanka akan koda ya kamata a sanya shi sama da santimita 0.5-1 kuma a daidaita shi daga sama zuwa kasan

Don fassara

Idan reshe na bukatar juyawa, to sai an zaɓi reshe da ke girma a hanyar da ake so, a kuma yanke babban reshe a saman gindinsa. Bayan haka, hanyar girma zata canza zuwa wanda aka kaddara. Sabili da haka, zaku iya fadada ko kunkuntar kambi kuma ku ba shi kamannin da ake so. Ka'idojin irin wannan kayan kwalliya daidai suke da ka'idodin yadda ake yanke koda.

Dokokin fassara pruning suna daidai da dokokin koda girkin koda

Siffofin pruning a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan itacen apple

Abubuwan daban-daban na itatuwan apple suna da wasu fasali.

Yadda za a datsa itacen apple mai laushi

Idan muna Magana ne game da shuka wanda aka saƙa, to, abincinta bai bambanta da tushe ba. Amma idan abin da aka mayar da hankali shi ne itacen da yake sake sake itace, to, tsarin yin datsawa da kirkira shi ya bambanta. Kamar yadda aka saba, ana yin sa ne a cikin bazara na shekara ta gaba bayan alurar riga kafi. Da farko dai, ya kamata a cire rassan da ba sa haihuwa da harbe (idan akwai). Bayan haka, harbe da ke yin allurar rigakafin suna gajarta, lura da ka’idar biyayya a tsakanin su na alurar riga kafi na kowane bene na itacen.

Thea'idar ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cikin samuwar kambi na itace yana nufin cewa rassan kowane juzu'i na gaba ya kamata ya zama ya fi guntu da na baya, kuma yatsunsu ya zama mafi girma sama da firam na rassan fa'idodin baya.

Ga kowane alurar riga kafi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar harba ɗaya, wanda zai zama babban ɗayan kuma zai maye gurbin reshe ɗin da aka sake shirya shi. Duk sauran rassa akan allurar rigakafin wannan tserewa. A cikin shekaru 4-5 masu zuwa, ƙirƙirar kambi mai cike da ladabi ya ci gaba ta hanyar zano da fassara rassan a hanyar da ta dace.

Yadda za a datsa itacen apple tare da kututture guda biyu

Abun itace biyu na itacen apple shine sakamakon samuwar da bata dace ba ko kuma rashinsa. Wannan sabon abu ba a son shi ba ne, tunda tsummoki biyu ne za su yi gasa da juna koyaushe kuma zai yi girma. Zai fi kyau ba da izinin wannan ba, amma idan wannan gaskiyar gaskiya ta riga ta faru kuma abin takaici ne a cire ɗayan akwati, to sai su samar da kambi bisa ga yanayin. Da farko kuna buƙatar dakatar da haɓakar bishiyoyi, yankan su a tsayi mai karɓa (har zuwa mita 3-4). Sanya duka jimlar bisa ga dokokin da ke sama. Kada ku yarda rassan su ƙetare tsakanin su. Gabaɗaya, ka'idodin tsarin kambi iri ɗaya ne da na ganga guda.

Ganyen itacen apple

Creeping apple itacen yana buƙatar akai-akai pruning a kalla sau biyu a shekara. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a cikin bazara suna aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace, kuma a farkon bazara suna tallafawa da tsarawa. Idan ya cancanta, a lokacin rani, an sare fiɗa da sauran harbe masu bushe.

Siffofin pruning dangane da shekarun itacen apple

A lokacin rayuwar bishiyar apple, ana yinsa ne da nau'ikan nau'ikan waryafan da aka bayyana a sama kusan kowace shekara. Ga matasa bishiyoyi apple, ana yin amfani da daskararren hanyar farko, ƙirƙirar siffar kambi da aka zaɓa. Hakanan, idan ya cancanta, yi tsabtataccen tsabtatawa da kuma daidaita abubuwa. Bayan shigar fruiting, bayan ɗan lokaci, za a buƙaci pruning mai goyan baya. A duk tsawon lokacin aiki, ana yin jeri nau'ikan scraps (sai dai wanda zai samar) wanda ake yi akai-akai. Lokacin da itacen apple ya kai shekaru mai daraja, to tabbas zaku nemi damar sabuwarta ta hanyar dabarar da ta dace da aka bayyana a sama.

Runan itace daɗaɗɗen itacen apple - jagorar mai farawa

Akwai wasu lokuta lokacin, don kowane irin dalili, ɗan itacen apple da ke da kusan shekaru 10 ya zama sakaci. A irin wannan yanayin, mai lambu yana fuskantar aikin gudanar da aikin da ya dace don yin jingina da kambi da kuma dawo da matakin al'ada na fruiting. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole don tabbatar da hasken uniform da kuma iska a duk rassan, don ƙirƙirar yanayi don matsakaicin girma na harbe matasa. A tsari, kayan da aka bayyana a sama sun isa sosai don kammala aikin. Kawai a taƙaice tsara shi dangane da takamaiman yanayin. Don haka, umarnin mataki-mataki-mataki don yankan itacen apple mai girma:

1. Kafin fara girki, kuna buƙatar ajiye kayan aikin yankan ingancin kayan kwalliya (keɓaɓɓu, dansandan, shinge na lambu, wukakan lambu). Dole ne a tabbatar da kayan aikin da kuma tsabtace kayan aiki (ƙari game da wannan a sama). Idan itaciya sama da mitoci biyu shima zai bukaci uwargidan.
2. Bayan haka, da farko, an tsabtace kambi na busassun busassun, ya karye, da marassa lafiya. Kuma ya yanke duk wani kambin da yake bushewa, mai 'ya'yan itace (tsafta, daidaitawa da tallafawa abubuwa) da kuma rassan da ke bushewa a ƙasa.
   

   Pruning wani itacen apple wanda aka yi watsi da shi yana farawa tare da cire busassun busassun, ya karye kuma ba shi da lafiya

3. Idan ya cancanta, rage tsawo na kambi don abin da suka yanka na tsakiya shugaba a wani yarda tsawo tare da rassan girma a kai. Idan ƙarar itacen da aka cire yana da girma, to, yi shi cikin matakai da yawa.
4. Mataki na gaba shine maido da madaidaicin siffar kambi. Don yin wannan, ka yanke rassan da suka wuce shi kuma ya keta ka’idar ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
   

   Babban aikin pruning wani itacen apple mai sakaci shine tabbatar da haskakawa da kwantar da dukkan rassan, don samar da yanayi na matsakaicin girma na harbe matasa

5. Bayan tabbatar da cewa kambi ya cika lit da isasshen iska, ana cire rassan rassan daga wuraren aiki kuma ana bi da sassan tare da nau'in lambun.

Siffar bishiyar bishiyar apple ta hanyar yabanya

A cikin wuraren namo daban-daban wadanda suka banbanta yanayin yanayin zafi, ana da bukatun iri guda don lokacin girkin - ana yi su koyaushe a hutawa, galibi a farkon bazara. Takamaiman kalanda kawai kebantattu a kowane yanki sun bambanta. Kuma har ma da aka fi so tsarin kambi na itacen apple ya dogara da yankin da ya girma. A wannan batun, ƙa'idar ta shafi: mafi sauƙin sauyin yanayi, ƙananan kambi ya kamata.

Yanyan itacen apple a cikin Urals da Siberia (gami da Altai)

Ga mafi yawan yankuna na Siberiya da Urals, ana samun rukunoni huɗu daban-daban, waɗanda na farkon biyun suke girma cikin sikelin ko kwano mai siffa:

• Ranetki:
  • Ranetka Ermolaeva;
  • Canji;
  • Barnaulochka;
  • Dobrynya da sauransu.
• Semic al'adu:
  • Kyauta na Altai;
  • Gorno-Altai;
  • Dutsen Ermakovsky;
  • Alyonushka da sauransu.
• Manyan reean itace masu girma (a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, suna girma ne a yanayi na shale):
  • Melba;
  • Yankin Arewa;
  • Borovinka;
  • Welsey da sauransu.
• Hawaye (misalai na nau'ikan da aka jera a sama).

Hanyoyi don ba da kamannin da ake so kambi da aka bayyana a baya. Daga cikin fasalolin girkin a cikin wadannan yankuna shine gaskiyar cewa sau da yawa sakamakon lalacewar sanyi ga kwarangwal kwarangwal da Semi-kwarangwal dole ne a maido dasu saboda fi. Don yin wannan, ɗauki saman farko mai ƙarfi kuma yanke shi da kusan 30%, wanda ke hana haɓakawa kuma yana sa ƙyamar alama. Tare da taimakon pruning, an ba da mafaka ga koda a cikin sararin samaniya kyauta. Pretty da sauri - a cikin shekaru 3-4 - saman ya zama reshe na talakawa kuma ya shiga 'ya'yan itace.

Fasalin na biyu shine yiwuwar mutuwar rassan dusar ƙanƙara ko kuma sassansu da ke saman matakin dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan yanayin, wani lokaci dole ne ka cire harbe da abin ya shafa a sama da wannan matakin. Bayan wannan, ana kafa sabon kambi daga ƙananan rassa kamar ƙanƙanta ko kwano. A matakin farko, duk harbe da aka kirkira sun ba su damar girma, kuma a tsakiyar lokacin rani ana yanke su, suna barin 5-7 na mafi girma da ƙarfi. Yawancin lokaci a cikin irin waɗannan halayen, ana dawo da kambi a cikin shekaru 1-2.

Yanke bishiyoyin apple a tsakiyar layin, ciki har da yankin Moscow da yankin Leningrad

A cikin wadannan yankuna, dukkanin tsarin da aka bayyana a sama suna nan. Sabili da haka, amfani da su shine tambaya game da amfani da kuma abubuwan da ake so na lambun. A bayyane yake cewa yanayin shakatarwar shag ko daji ba'a iya amfani da shi anan ba, amma akwai yiwuwar hakan ya kasance. Amma game da sharuɗɗan yankan, an zaɓi su a cikin bazara kamar ƙarshen ƙarshen Fabrairu don kudu na tsakiyar yankin da kuma lokacin Maris don Yankin Moscow da Yankin Leningrad.

Fasali na dasa bishiyoyin apple a yankuna na kudanci, gami da Yankin Krasnodar da Crimea

Ga cikakken 'yanci. Duk wani tsari da kowane sharuɗɗa ana amfani dasu - daga ƙarshen kaka zuwa farkon bazara. Ana iya datsa koda a cikin hunturu idan sanyi ba su faɗi ƙasa -15 ° C a yankin da ke girma.

Duk da dumbin hanyoyin da ake kirkiro rawanin bishiyar itacen apple, idan anyi bincike kusa, wannan matakin bashi da rikitarwa. Yin nazarin hankali da umarni da ƙa'idodi don yin girki, har ma da fararen lambu na iya yin su. Babban abu a lokaci guda shine kada a fara itaciyar kuma a kula da kambi a kai a kai. A wannan yanayin, ana da tabbacin ingantaccen amfanin gona na fruitsa fruitsan higha andan inganci da tsawon rai na itace.