Itatuwa, wanda aka sani da suna viburnum ja, ko na kowa, mallakar wani jinsin ne na Viburnum, Dicotyledonous class. Darajan don 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da haushi, an yi amfani da shi sosai a maganin gargajiya. A cikin daji, ana samunsa a yawancin yankuna masu tsafin yanayi, kuma yawancin nau'ikan fure da kyawawan furanni ana baje su a cikin al'ada.
Viburnum - itace ko ciyawa
Ya dogara da yadda ake samar da kambi a farkon matakin ci gaba. Don itaciya, tsayinsa har zuwa 4 m na hali ne, kuma don tsirrai - har zuwa 1.5 m. A cikin duka halayen, tsawon rayuwar kusan shekaru 50 ce ko kuma ya ɗan fi tsayi.
'Ya'yan itãcen viburnum ja
Menene ja kamar yadda yake nunawa?
A baya can, an danganta shuka da dangin Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae), kamar yadda za'a iya samu a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya. A halin yanzu, ƙwayar viburnum, ta hanyar bayanin, wani ɓangare ne na dangin Adoxaceae.
Haushi mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, wanda ke da yawa fasa. Otsan buɗe ido suna zagaye, tsirara. Ganyen yana da duhu kore na petiolate, ko'ina yana yaduwa zuwa 10 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 8 cm fadi; yana da lobs 3-5 da aka nuna. Flat laima-dimbin yawa panicles suna a ƙarshen ƙananan harbe. Yawancin lokaci, fararen furanni masu fure a cikin ƙarshen Mayu kuma suna iya Bloom har zuwa kwanaki 25, amma mafi yawan lokuta - har zuwa makonni biyu. 'Ya'yan itacen itace jan launi ne mai zagaye har zuwa 10 cm a diamita tare da ƙashi ɗaya a cikin ɗan ɗan ganye mai ƙamshi mai ban sha'awa wanda ke narkewa daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba. Tsaba ta zama mai yiwuwa har zuwa shekaru biyu.
Warkar da kaddarorin
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu' ya'yan itace an girbe su kuma an bushe, bayan haka ana amfani dasu don dalilai na magani. Kalina mai rikodin mai rikodin yawan nau'ikan bitamin da ma'adinai (a kowace g 100 na berries):
- acid na ascorbic - har zuwa kashi 80-135;
- nicotinic acid - har zuwa 1350 MG;
- carotene - 2.5 MG;
- Vitamin K - har zuwa 30 MG;
- folic acid - har zuwa 0.03 MG;
- molybdenum - 240 mg;
- selenium - 10 MG;
- Manganese - 6 MG;
- baƙin ƙarfe - 0.3 MG.
Kula! Kalina kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma, wanda yake bayarwa har zuwa kilogiram 15 na attaya daga 1 ha na dasa shuki.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an ba da shawarar ga mutanen da ke fama da cuta na rayuwa, tare da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Yaron zai iya shan kayan ado da kayayyakin abinci iri iri tare da viburnum ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba.
A takaice game da tarihin bayyanar
Amfani da viburnum a magani da dafa abinci ya ƙare ƙarni da yawa. A cikin herbalists na Turai, shi, a matsayin tsire-tsire mai magani, an ambaci shi tun karni na XIV, kuma a cikin tsohuwar Rasha an yi amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a matsayin wakilin maganin cutar kansa.
Don bayani! A cikin almara na mutane daban-daban, an ambaci viburnum shrub azaman alamar ƙauna da kyakkyawa.
Zabi na iri dake horar da ke kan hanyar inganta kaddarorin berries. Idan aka kwatanta da na daji, suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. A cikin aikin lambu na ado da shimfidar wuri mai faɗi, Gordovina iri-iri (Viburnum Lantana) sanannu ne, waɗanda 'ya'yansu ke da inedible, amma fure da kambi suna da kyau sosai. View buldenezh ba ya 'ya'ya, amma a cikin wata daya faranta ido tare da babbar dusar ƙanƙara-fararen inflorescences. Daga cikin nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace masu ɗanɗano, shahararren wannan halayyar ita ce Red Coral.
Siffofin Kulawa
Tunda cultivars ba asalinsu bane daga magabata-daji, kula da irin shuki ko bishiyar itace mai sauki. A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ana tsire tsire-tsire, an cire rassan fashe da bushe kuma suna ba da kambi da ake so.
Viburnum a cikin dusar ƙanƙara
A ƙarƙashin kowane daji a watan Mayu, ana ƙara 50 g na nitroammophos, kuma ana saka wani lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa don kiyaye ƙasa ta daɗe muddin ya yiwu. Ana yin riguna na biyu na ƙarshen a ƙarshen fure. Zaka iya ƙara kwayoyin halitta, ash itace, taki mai ma'adinin hadaddun. Idan yawan ruwan sama a damina yayi yawa, sannan ba a bukatar ruwa, kuma a wurare masu zafi ana shayar da itatuwa kowane mako.
A cikin kaka, 'ya'yan itacen suna girbe da goge, suna jiran cikakken narkarda, har a cikin sanyi. Alamar tsufa shine canji a cikin tsarin berries. Idan aka matsa, sai su tace ruwan lemo.
Mahimmanci! Yin hayaniyar 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yage a cikin viburnum mara kyau ne.
Nan da nan bayan an girbe, ana amfani da g 20 na potassium gishirin da superphosphate a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi.
Yaushe kuma ta yaya murdiya ja ta kumbura (shrub)
A yawancin yankuna, huhun viburnum yana yin fure a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Mayu ko kuma kadan daga baya, ya danganta da yanayin. Hasken furannin ba fari kawai bane, har ma launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban.
A cikin nau'ikan inflorescences na ado suna da siffar ƙwal har zuwa 20 cm a diamita. Ana jin ƙanshin ƙanshin su daga nesa. Tsawon lokacin da furanni zai iya kaiwa kwana 35. A wannan lokacin, ƙudan zuma kumbura zuwa tsire-tsire na fure daga ko'ina.
Yadda viburnum ja ke yadawa
A cikin bazara, ya fi dacewa don sayan ƙwayar seedling a cikin gandun daji. Wannan zai ba ku damar samun kyakkyawan fure ko 'ya'yan itatuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin farkon shekarar. Bugu da kari, ana shuka yaduwar viburnum da tsaba.
Mahimmanci! Kalina fi son ƙasa mai acidic (pH = 5.5-6.5), da kuma wuraren da ke da haske ko kuma rabin inuwa.
Shuka shuka
Ba a taɓa yin amfani da hanyar ba saboda rashin ɗaukar nauyi. Umurnin kamar haka:
- Seedsawanin tsaba suna haɗe da rigar ɗanɗano kuma ana kiyaye shi tsawon watanni biyu a zazzabi a ɗakuna, sun sake sake sake bushewa kamar yadda suke bushewa.
- Da zaran kasusuwa ta farko ta tattara, ana tattara ƙarar gaba ɗaya kuma ana tura su zuwa firiji, inda ake ajiye su har tsawon wata guda.
- An shuka tsaba da aka haɓaka a cikin kwalaye tare da ƙasa zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm kuma jira fitowar tsiron.
- A watan Mayu, lokacin da barazanar dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙare, ana shuka seedlings a cikin wuraren dindindinsu, a kai a kai sha.
Rooting cuttings
Ana yankan yankan ne a watan Yuni lokacin da suke da na roba, basa naushi. Yanke firam na harbe 10 cm cm tare da nodes 2-3. Ana cire ƙananan ganye, kuma babba na gajarta da rabi.
Viburnum Shank
Shuka tsiran ɗin a cakuda peat da yashi. Yi zurfin tip 1-2 cm a wani kwana. Sa'an nan kuma rufe tare da m hat kuma dauke da a zazzabi of game 27-30 ° C. Bayan haka sau 3-4 a rana, ana ɗaga kwallan don fesa viburnum da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Mahimmanci! Rooting yana a matsakaici tsawon makonni 3-4, bayan wannan ne ba a buƙatar suturar fila. An bar 'yan itacen da suka girma zuwa hunturu a cikin ɗakin dumi, kuma a cikin bazara ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa a cikin bude na biyu na Mayu.
Juyawa
An haƙa rami mai dasa a ƙarƙashin shekaru uku na 50 50 × 50 cm kuma girman zurfin 50 cm 2.5-3.5 ya ragu a tsakanin tsirrai .. Ana cakuda cakuda ƙasa tare da humus da peat a ƙasan. An zuba bokiti hudu na ruwa an bar su har sati guda.
Sannan an zuba ragowar ƙasa tare da dunƙule saboda abin da kambi ya tanada daga ramin. Yada tushen seedling a saman kuma tsaya wani fegi don garter. Zuba sauran ƙasa akan tushen kuma zuba ruwa biyu na ruwa. Wani lokacin farin ciki na peat hade da takin da humus an zuba a saman, wanda ya sa tushen wuyan ya ɓace ta 5-6 cm.
Daji na viburnum wanda ya samo tushe akan shafin zai ƙarshe yana buƙatar mafi karancin kulawa ga kansa, kowace shekara tana farin ciki da karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa mai lafiya. Rashin haƙuri ta ba da damar saita kusan kowane yanki na kyauta a gonar, kuma yawancin da aka dasa a bayan shinge, saboda inji yana da kyau duk shekara.
