Cikin kabeji "Fursunonin F1", ko "CENTURION F1", yana da nau'i na matsakaici-latex ne daga Magana mai asali kuma an haɗa shi a cikin Lissafi na Jihar Rasha don noma a yankin Arewacin Caucasus. Hanyoyin da aka samo asali daga masu shayarwa Faransa.
Irin nau'in nau'i na kabeji Centurion f1 ya sa ya yiwu a sami yawan amfanin ƙasa a kasar nan da kuma makircin manomi, da kuma a cikin gonar manyan masu aikin gona.
Mahimmancin amfani, wanda baya buƙatar tsire-tsire tsire-tsire masu tsada, ya dade yana kula da manyan mabukaci masu amfani Centurion f1 nan da nan bayan bayyanar, ya zama ainihin "bestseller" a tsakanin kabeji hybrids girma a Rasha.
Hybrid f1 - tarihin
A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da Centurion f1 a cikin Jam'iyyar Lissafi na Jamhuriyar Rasha da kuma bada shawara don noma a cikin shirye-shiryen gida da samar da kayayyaki a yankin Arewacin Caucasus. A matasan ya tabbatar da kansa kuma ya sami nasarar karbawa. A halin yanzu matasan nasarar nasarar girma a kusan dukkanin yankuna na Rasha.
Bayani da bayyanar
Gwargwadon ƙarfin mai girma F1 yana da nauyin kaifi mai tsayi ko zagaye mai ma'ana tare da ɗan gajeren wuri da kuma kututtukan ciki. Ƙananan, matsakaiciyar ƙananan ganye, m, duhu kore ko blue-kore a launi tare da waxy shafi da kuma ɗan dan kadan gefen baki da aka kulle a kai. Takarda rubutun takarda, wanda ya hana lalacewa daga asalin kai a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Mai karfi tushen tsarin.
Tsarin ciki na ciki yana da bakin ciki, tare da matsayi mai girma (maki 4.3). A kan yanke kan fararen dusar ƙanƙara ko tare da tinge kadan.
Matasan yana da kyakkyawan halaye na samfurin.:
- Matashi na marigayi, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire daga germination zuwa kasuwa na samfurin kwanakin 130-150, tare da hanya mai suna seedling hanyar girma 100-110 days;
- matsakaicin nauyin nauyin - 2.5-3.5 kg, iyakar - 5.0 kg;
- manufa ta duniya (cin abinci mai amfani, dafa abinci, sarrafawa, girkewa, ajiya na tsawon lokaci);
- dandano yana da girma;
- yana nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa (dangane da hanya da yanayin noma) - 4.0-6,% kg / m², 40-61 kg / sotka, 447-615 t / ha;
- da fitarwa na samfurori samfur - 88%.
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka rubuta a cikin yankin Krasnodar - 650-655 t / ha.
Differences da abũbuwan amfãni
Daga wasu hybrids na farin kabeji Centurion f1 bambanta:
- ikon da za a ɗauka mai yawa, ƙananan, mai haɗawa da siffar da girman kai;
- babu raguwa a gindin wani ɗan gajeren hatsi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da kai kusan gaba daya;
- abincin jiki na duniya - dace da adanawa, dafa abinci, magani mai zafi na kowane ƙarfin (dafa abinci, dawaki, frying, yin burodi);
- jure jita-jita;
- rayuwa mai tsawo;
- yiwuwar saukowa akan juyawa na farko da na biyu;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- jituwa ta haɓaka;
- kyakkyawar tashar sufuri;
- da yiwuwar samun amfanin gona a tsakiya da marigayi kwanakin;
- sauƙi na noma;
- Rayuwa mai tsawo - har zuwa Fabrairu-Mayu.
Matasan yana da babban abun ciki na sugars da bitamin C, yin ganye mai taushi, crunchy, m, mai dadi a dandano, ba tare da alamun haushi ba.
Kulawa da saukowa
Cibiyar Cutar Milin F1 ta samu nasara a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin fina-finai. Hanyar dasa shuki kabeji - seedling da seedless.
Farashin shuka
Kudin na Centurion f1 matasan iri ne quite high. A Moscow da St. Petersburg, farashin kaya na kwararru (tsaba 2500) daga 1880 zuwa 2035 rubles, mabukaci (250 pieces) - 32 rubles.
Lokaci
A yankuna kudancin Rasha, an yi amfani da hanya marar amfani.. Shuka tsaba a bude ƙasa fara a watan Maris, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ya narke, cikin ƙasa mai kyau. A tsakiya, gabashin, yammacin, yankuna arewacin don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau na tsire-tsire kabeji. Don fara girma seedlings a Maris ko tsakiyar watan Afrilu.
Wuri da ƙasa
Ga matasan, an zaɓi wuri mai haske, ba tare da ruwan ƙasa ba, tare da ƙasa mai kyau mai arziki a humus.
Mafi kyawun kwayoyi ga kabeji shine albasa, legumes, hatsi, albarkatun noma, cucumbers, da kayan lambu. An ba da shawarar shuka kabeji bayan giciye - radish, radish, turnip, rutabaga, turnip, kabeji na kowane irin.
Don dasa shuki, kasar gona za ta fara shirya a cikin fall.. Suna tono sama da ƙasa, zabi naman gine-ginen, ƙara kwayoyin halitta, ma'adinai masu mahimmanci da kayan micronutrient (boric, manganese, molybdenum, jan karfe, zinc). Acid kasa (pH 6 da sama) su ne lemun tsami.
Saukowa
- Tare da seedling da seedless hanya na girma shuke-shuke suna girma a low ridges bisa ga makirci 50x60x40 cm.
- Tare da iri iri 2-3 ana shuka tsaba a cikin rijiyoyin da aka riga aka shirya tare da zurfin 1-1.5 cm Yawan yanayin shuka shine 2.0-2.5 g / m².
- Kafin fitowar seedlings, gado yana rufe da kayan rufe, fim.
- A nan gaba, seedlings thinned, barin mafi mahimmanci, adhering zuwa mita na 2-3 tawada da 1 m².
- Duka da ganye 6 na gaskiya, kai tsawo na 15-16 cm, ana shuka su a wuri mai dadi a shekaru 35-40.
- Ana dasa a cikin rijiyoyin, zurfafa tsire-tsire ta 1.5-2 cm.
Temperatuur da watering
Hybrid yana jure yanayin zafi da ƙananan yanayi.. Tsaba shuka a zafin jiki na + 5-6 ºC. Seedlings yi haƙuri sanyi zuwa -7 ºC. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na zafin jiki shine + 16-18 ºC. Ya bambanta da yawancin matasan, Jirgin bazai rage jinkirin girma a yanayin iska na 20-28 ºC. Watering ne matsakaici, kamar yadda ƙasa ta kafe.
Dakatarwa, damuwa, hilling
Bayan watering, loosening ne kyawawa. Don yin yaki da weeds, suna ci gaba da kaiwa zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm. 20-25 days bayan dasa, yayyafa kara da ƙasa zuwa na farko leaflets - spud. A lokacin kakar, ana gudanar da hanya sau 2-3, kowace 20-30 days.
Top dressing
Ƙungiyar F1 tana mai da hankali ga kwayoyin halitta. Wannan ya kamata a yi sau 2-3 a lokacin girma. Don ciyar da amfani:
- Ayyukan aiki daga slurry diluted tare da sassa 4-5 na ruwa.
- Korovyak, wanda aka saki a cikin rabo daga 1 zuwa 5.
- Tsuntsaye na Bird, da aka sanya su a cikin ruwa a cikin rabo daga 1 zuwa 1, sau da yawa sau 6-10.
- Wanka a rabon 1 kofin da lita 10 na ruwa.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani na farko a karo na farko da na biyu (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride). A lokacin da aka samu bidiyon, ana ciyar da abinci.
Girbi
Girbi yana farawa a cikin marigayi Satumba - Oktoba Oktoba. Dasa Dubu na F1 a cikin matakai 2-3 tare da gajeren gajeren lokaci, hada iri da kuma matakan iri, ana iya girbi amfanin gona a matakai da yawa.
Storage
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka samu na Centurion f1 shi ne adana lokacin da aka tanadar da gabatar da dandano. Ana iya adana matasan har zuwa Fabrairu-Mayu, bisa ka'idodin alamun shafi.
Shugabannin suna cikin duhu, ba tare da samun dakin haske ba da iska mai kyau, wanda ke kula da yawan zafin jiki na 0-10 ºC, 95% zafi.
A cikin sarrafa kayan sarrafa gas. Mafi kyawun oxygen abun ciki na 6%, carbon dioxide - 3%. Lokacin da aka adana a cikin gida na ƙasa, an saka katba a cikin kwalaye na katako ko kwali na katako, an sanya shi a kan wani yashi na yashi don hana daskarewa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Masu shayarwa Faransa sunyi amfani da matasan da suka dace da cututtuka na kabeji - fusarium za su yi da kuma juriya ga mudu. Dangane da cututtuka da kwari, yanayin kiwon lafiyar Centurion f1 an kiyasta matsayin matsakaici.
Rigakafin
- A matsayin prophylactic, masana'antu kwari, decoctions da na ganye infusions, itace ash da taba ƙura, iodine bayani da ake amfani da su ƙara da juriya na cututtukan cututtuka da kuma kwari.
Don rage haɗarin lalacewar keel, an yi amfani da takin mai magani tare da takin mai magani na ma'adinai; ba a dasa shuki sau biyu a jere a daidai wannan yanki, asalinsu, kuma ganye suna ƙone bayan girbi.- Tsaba kafin a dasa shuki suna da tururuwa, ana kula da kasar gona tare da masu fuka-fuka, ba su da izinin girma da tsarrai da tsire-tsire.
Don rage haɗarin lalacewar keel, an yi amfani da takin mai magani tare da takin mai magani na ma'adinai; ba a dasa shuki sau biyu a jere a daidai wannan yanki, asalinsu, kuma ganye suna ƙone bayan girbi.Don tsorata kwari (aphid, malam buɗe ido kabeji miya) marigolds ana shuka su tsakanin layuka.
Gundumar f1 ne mai alamar rahama Faransa matasan, da kyau acclimatized a Rasha.
Asali na bada shawara ga namo kawai a yankunan kudancin iri-iri. A iri-iri na kabeji an girma da seedlings ko da a cikin yanayin da Urals da Siberia. Kyawawan halaye na samfurori, rayuwar rayuwa mai tsawo, dandano mai kyau da kuma amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi a cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu, amma har ma a gonakin manyan gonaki.
