Yaya za a kula da dakin begonia don yayi girma da kyau? Shawara masu shuka furanni

Sabanin yarda da imani, begonia ba kawai furanni ne mai launin furanni ba, wanda aka dasa a cikin bazara a cikin gadaje masu furanni a wuraren shakatawa ko na lambu sun dasa gonakinsu. Har zuwa yau, fiye da nau'in nau'i na begonias an bred, yawancin ba'a nufin ba don yin amfani da waje, amma don namo a gida. Room begonia yana shahararrun mutane da yawa saboda kyawawan kayan furanni da ban mamaki. A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku yadda za a tsara kula da begonia don ci gaba cikin gida, abin da kwari da cututtuka na iya barazanar fure da kuma yadda za a samar da wannan shuka sosai.

Fasali na girma

A cikin floriculture, akwai manyan alamu biyu na begonias.:

• ado na ado;
• kayan ado;

Bisa ga sunayen, zamu iya gane cewa an fara godiya ga farko saboda launin launi, kuma na biyu - saboda ban mamaki, suna da siffar sabon abu da launi.

Begonia furanni a siffar mafi sau da yawa kama wardi ko camellias na daban-daban launuka.. Tare da kulawa da kyau, a gida, shuka zai iya shuka ba tare da katsewa ba daga marigayi marigayi zuwa ƙarshen kaka (game da dalilin da yasa begonia ba ta yi ba, da kuma yadda za a cimma kyakkyawan buds, karanta a nan). Kyawawan jinsuna masu ban sha'awa suna da wuya sosai, furanni suna da banza, marasa amfani da kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, kada ku ba da tsaba. Idan ba ku ba irin wannan begonia ba, to zai bunkasa lafiyarta kuma ya tsawanta rayuwan shuka har tsawon shekaru.

Tilashi mai tushe da furanni masu kyau na begonia suna nuna cewa wannan tsire-tsire ne mai banƙyama, yana buƙatar kulawa da jinƙai da kulawa da hankali. A gaskiya ma, komai abu ne mai sauki.

Yawancin begonias na gida suna fitowa ne daga wurare masu zafi (ƙananan sauye-sauye) kuma suna buƙatar yanayi masu dacewa:

• Hasken haske mai haske. A lokaci guda masu ado da furanni suna bukatar karin haske, in ba haka ba zasu iya dakatar da furanni. Kayan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa suna da nisa daga taga.
  Yana da muhimmanci! Begonia baya son hasken rana kai tsaye. Idan shuka yana kan gilashin kudancin, ya kamata a rufe shi daga rana a lokacin bazara.
• Tsawanin zafin jiki + 18-22 digiri. Begonia ba ya jure wa sauyin canji a cikin zazzabi. A +15 digiri na hadarin hypothermia yana da tsawo, idan zafin jiki ya tashi sama da +25, furen zai iya wucewa.
• Abinda aka yi a yau da kullum. A lokacin flowering, an bada shawara don shayar da begonia a kalla sau 2 a cikin mako, yayin lokacin hutawa, an rage ruwa zuwa ga mafi cancanta don kada duniya ta bushe. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya kasance a dakin da zafin jiki, mai taushi, ba tare da tsabta ba.
• Babban zafi (ba kasa da 60%). Halin iska na begonias yana da mahimmanci fiye da zafi na ƙasa, idan zafi bai isa ba, injin zai bushe sosai nan da nan. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shi ne don amfani da mai ƙasƙantar da hankali.

Begonias basu da cikakkiyar shawarar zuwa yaduwa, danshi a kan ganye da kuma mai tushe zai iya haifar da su da sukari da wasu cututtuka, irin su powdery mildew. Idan babu wani mai sauƙi, za'a iya haifar da yanayin jin dadi ga shuka ta wurin ajiye tukunya a kan wani yumbu mai yumbu mai yalwata.

Tsarin hanyoyi

Girman begonias yakan faru ne sau da yawa., kamar yadda mafi yawan iri iri iri ba su ba da tsaba ba. Don waɗannan dalilai, amfani da:

• cuttings;
• bar;
• rabo daga cikin daji.

Kowace nau'i na begonias yana da nasarorin haɓaka, wanda ya kamata a dauka don cimma sakamakon da aka so. Game da ganye da kuma tsayar da sutura, ana iya shuka su a cikin ruwa da nan da nan a cikin ƙasa, ana bada shawarar yin shi daga marigayi Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu - kafin flowering a cikin jinsin masu ado-flowering da kuma kafin farkon lokacin ci gaba a cikin kayan ado-deciduous.

Yadda za a samar da shuka ta hanyar rarraba bishiya ko tuber yana dogara ne akan tsarin shuka, kowane Mahimman shawarwarin da ake amfani da ita don amfani da su ne musamman ga wasu ƙwayoyin begonia.

Muna kiran ka ka kalli bidiyon akan kanyar begonias ta rarraba daji:

Yadda za a tsara namo na furen na cikin gida?

Don begonias, yana da muhimmanci a gaggauta ƙayyade wurin, wannan shuka ba ta jure wa sauye-sauye da yanayi ba. Kasashen gabas da kudu maso gabashin sun fi dacewa da shi, tun da yake yana kan su cewa matakin hasken zai fi dacewa da abin da ya kamata.

Har ila yau kar ka manta game da ciyarwa, wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga nau'o'in kayan ado-flowering, kamar yadda tsire-tsire take daukar iko mai yawa daga shuka. Da zarar begonia ya yi fure, za'a iya fara haɗuwa (ma'adanai na ma'adinai da potassium da phosphorus sun dace da su don furotin na begonia). A matsayinka na al'ada, ana aiwatar da karin sau 2-3 a wata, amma ana buƙatar karin shawarwari da yawa a cikin umarnin don takamaiman shiri. Begonia ya kamata a ciyar da shi har zuwa karshen flowering.

Don nau'in kayan ado da masu launi suna da kyau dace da takin mai magani na ma'adinai tare da nitrogen. Kuna buƙatar sanya su daga marigayi marigayi zuwa tsakiyar kaka, lokacin da tsire-tsire ya fara lokacin ci gaba.

Yaushe kuma ta yaya za a dashi?

Sake dasawa kawai ya sayi shuka ba shi da daraja, zai zama ƙarin danniya kuma ya kara raunana shuka. Lokacin da tukunya na farko ya zama ƙananan begonias, kuma asalinsu zasu fara juyayi a cikin ramuka mai laushi da kuma a farfajiyar, lokaci ya yi da za a canza shi zuwa wani wuri mai zurfi.

Taimako! Mafi kyawun lokaci don transplanting begonias ne spring. A lokacin flowering, replanting da shuka ne tsananin ba da shawarar.

Abu na farko da ya kamata ya kamata ka kula da lokacin da ake tsara dashi shine abun da ke cikin ƙasa. Begonias ya fi son ƙasa mai yalwar acid, wanda yake kunshe da ƙasa mai laushi, peat da ƙasa baƙar fata, irin wannan abun da za a iya saya a shirye a cikin shagon, kuma zaka iya dafa shi da kanka.

Tsarin dashi:

1. Shirya sabon tukunya. An bada shawara don zabi tukunya mai girma 5-8 cm fiye da baya a diamita, wannan ƙarin ƙarar ne wanda zai ba da damar shuka suyi girma a cikin shekaru 2 masu zuwa kafin aukuwar gaba.
   Kafin dasa shuki, ana iya biyan tukunya da wani bayani na potassium permanganate ko scalded ta ruwan zãfi (wannan hanya bazai dace da tukwane na filastik ba). Yin amfani da wadannan matakan za su tabbatar da cewa babu matsala kuma za su taimaka kare tushen shuka daga cututtuka.
2. A kasan tukunya ya zubar da kwasfa mai laushi, kamar fadada yumbu. Don kare tushen daga wuce haddi, adadin ƙwayar gawayi yana iya ƙarawa a kan layin malalewa.
3. Lambatu daga saman yafa masa ƙasa (2-3 cm, dangane da ƙarar da tukunya).
4. An cire Begonia daga tukunya na farko, an cire ƙasa mai ƙwaya sosai don kada ya lalata tushen.
5. An dasa shuka a tsakiyar cikin tukunya kuma yafa masa ƙasa a kowane bangare. Karfin ƙasa mai karfi bai zama dole ba, begonias yana buƙatar samun iska zuwa tushen.
6. Bayan an dasa dashi, wani lokaci lokaci ana shayar da begonia don yasa ƙasa bata bushe, idan ya cancanta, saman ya cika da ƙasa.

Ko da magunguna masu kyau, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ruwa bata tara a cikin kwanon rufi ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da juyawa daga tushen.

Muna kiran ka ka duba bidiyon a kan dasawa na begonias:

Cututtuka da kwari

Akwai matsaloli da cututtuka da yawa waɗanda ake fuskanta a cikin begonias, kuma idan sun fuskanci su, wajibi ne a dauki matakan dace don ajiye shuka.

• Daya daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine faty mildew, wanda aka bayyana a bayyanar launin fure da ratsi a kan ƙananan bangarorin ganye da harbe. Wannan cututtuka yana faruwa a lokacin da ake cike da danshi, kazalika da lokacin da ruwa ke samun ganye da kuma tushe na begonia. Dole ne a cire wuraren da aka shafa, kuma a rage yawan ruwa da ruwan sha, wannan zai taimaka wajen yaduwar cutar.
• Har ila yau, wuce kima watering zai iya haifar da cutar daga tushen launin toka da kuma baki rot. Don dalilai masu ma'ana, ba zai yiwu a gane wannan cutar ba da sauri, amma idan duhu ya yi duhu, ya bushe kuma ya fada - wannan alama ce ta tabbata cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne ga tushen tsarin.
• Idan an sami baki ko launin toka mai launin toka, dole ne a cire shuka daga tukunya da ƙananan asalinsu na tsawon sa'o'i 2 a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate, sa'annan cire duk wuraren da aka lalata sannan kuma dashi begonia cikin ƙasa mai kyau.
• Daga cikin kwayoyin cuta, begonia ya sha wuya sau da yawa daga aphids, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, da kuma whitefly, da kuma yalwataccen kwari na kwari na tsirar da su.
• Rawaya da bushewa ko wilting daga cikin ganyayyaki na iya nuna hypothermia, rashin iska ko rashin dacewa. A duk waɗannan lokuta, halittar yanayi dacewa da sauri ya kawo shuka zuwa al'ada.

Bugu da ƙari, matsalolin da ke sama, begonias kuma zai iya haifar da matsalolin kamar ƙwayar juyawa da fadowa ganye da buds.

Dukansu furanni da kuma kayan ado Begonias zai iya zama ban mamaki ban da gidan lambu. Abin mamaki ne mai sauƙin girma da kuma ninka su, kuma suna iya jin dadin mai shi kusan dukkanin shekara.