Apple's Wellsie's Apple Tree tsohon tsufa ne na asalin Amurka, har yanzu ɗayan ƙaunatattu ne a cikin ƙasarmu duka. Wellsie ana shuka shi ne a Leningrad da Volgograd, Siberiya da Altai; an sami ƙarin sababbin nau'ikan 30 bisa tsarin Welsey. Wannan itacen apple ne mai iya jurewa cuta, yana kawo wadataccen kayan amfanin gona na kowace shekara mai kyau na apples, sananne don ingancin kiyayewa mai kyau. Wellsie tana ƙoƙarin dasa yawancin mazauna bazara a dandalinta.
Bayanin sa
An san nau'in Welsey iri-iri a cikin Rasha tun karni na 19, amma har yanzu ana horar da shi mai yawa duka a cikin aikin lambu da kuma lambunan mai son. Yana da morean ƙarin suna (rtan takin, Tartu Rose, da dai sauransu), amma sunan da ya fi yawa yana isar da kaddarorin ta: wannan itacen apple yana kawo amfanin gona da yawa kowace shekara.
Lokacin da yarana suke kanana, kawai sun koyi magana, sai suka kira wannan itacen apple "Uelis". Wanne, duk da haka, bai yi nisa da gaskiya ba: bayan cin apple guda ɗaya, Ina son ƙarin har sai an kai ƙarshen jikewa.
An samo nau'ikan daban-daban a cikin 1860 a cikin jihar Minnesota. Ba a san asalin asalinsa daidai ba, duk masana suna jayayya da juna, don haka ana ganin Welsey ya samo asali ne daga pollination kyauta na nau'ikan da ba a san shi ba. A cikin ƙasarmu, an haɗa shi a cikin Rajista na Jiha a cikin 1947, an ba da shawarar don namo a yankuna da yawa (Arewa maso Yamma, Tsakiya, Tsakiyar Black Earth, Tsarin Arewa da ƙananan Volga). Amma wannan shawarar ba ta dakatar da 'yan lambu da ke zaune a yankuna marasa karfi na Siberiya, Urals da Altai ba.
Yawancin suna dauke da farkon hunturu, 'ya'yan itacun suna shirye su ci nan da nan bayan girbi kuma ana adana su sosai har zuwa Janairu-Fabrairu. Itace mai matsakaici, mai dacewa sosai don kulawa da ita. Dangane da yanayin hannun jari, ya girma zuwa mita 4-5. An girbi kambi, wide-pyramidal, a cikin tsoffin bishiyoyin apple ya zama zagaye, ba tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ya zama mai yiwuwa ba lokacin fari. Rassayen kasusuwa na faɗaɗa daga cikin akwati a kushe, wanda ke buƙatar tallafin tilas a yayin da amfanin gona ke toho. Branchesananan rassan yawanci suna kangewa. Matasan harbe suna launin ruwan kasa a launi.
Wannan bawai a nuna cewa apple ta manne da rassan bishiya ba, amma abubuwan da ake samu suna da matukar girma
Ganyayyaki suna ƙasa da matsakaici, tare da gefuna wavy. Itace tayi fure tare da furanni masu haske mai haske; yayin furanni, Welsey yayi kyau sosai.
A lokacin furanni, zaku iya kallon itacen Welcy har abada.
Nau'in fruiting an gauraye, nau'in fruiting na yanzu ya shiga cikin shekara ta 4 bayan dasa. Amfanin gona yana da girma sosai, amma akwai wasu lokatai tare da shekaru: ba hakan bane cewa akwai shekara, babu shekara, amma a wasu shekaru adadin amfanin gona yayi kadan. M mulkin kansa: iri-iri dole ne ya buƙaci pollinators, ba tare da su ana daura apples ba tare da fiye da 7% na furanni ba.
Daga cikin mafi sauki, mafi yaduwar iri, mafi kyawun pollinators ana ɗauka cewa ana yin fure a lokaci guda tare da Welsey Antonovka, guguwar kaka, Zvezdochka.
Hardarfin hunturu yana da kyau, amma ba manufa ba: a cikin yankuna na arewacin, itacen apple yana daskarewa a cikin matsanancin lokacin sanyi, yawanci yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi kawai -25 game daC. Daban-daban bashi da illa ko scab da - rauni sosai - mildew powdery. Wasu hasara shine rashin 'ya'yan itatuwa lokaci guda; apples cikakke ba su rataye a jikin bishiyoyi na dogon lokaci da crumble. Kimanin lokacin girbi a yawancin yankuna shine tsakiyar Satumba.
Farfajiyar tana da tsayi ko matsakaici, bakin ciki. 'Ya'yan itãcen matsakaici na matsakaici, masu nauyin 100-130 g, na siffar ɗakin kwana na yau da kullun, yaduwar girman yana da ƙananan: ƙattai da ƙananan abubuwa masu wuya. Babban launi shine launin rawaya, ma'adanin shine ceri ja. Haske mai launin ja yana kusan kusan duka saman tuffa tare da raɗaɗin raɗaɗin launuka masu yawa. Akwai kuma bayyane bayyanannun maki kashi biyu.
Kwakwalwar apple ta Wellsie galibi ana kiranta "chiseled": hakika, tuffa mai kama da kullun ba a taɓa samun ta ba.
A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari, a fata kanta na iya zama dan kadan pinkish, mai yawa, mai kyau-grained. Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana da yawa, dandano mai kayan zaki ne, da daɗi a zahiri. Aroanshin ɗan itacen da aka girbe dan kadan yayi kama da strawberry.
Dukansu launi da dandano na 'ya'yan itacen sun dogara sosai akan haske: mafi kyau da kuma apples mai kyau suna girma akan kambi na itace da kuma gefen kambi, waɗanda suke girma kusa da gangar jikin kuma suna da talauci na iya zama mai launin shuɗi-kore har ƙarshe.
Tafarnuwa suna cinye sabo ne (suna shirye kai tsaye bayan an daukeshi) kuma ga dukkan nau'ikan sarrafawa. An kwashe su da kyau, wanda ke da sha'awar kasuwanci. Ana shawarar apples Wellsie don amfani da abincin yara.
Dasa bishiyar itacen apple ta Wellsley: umarnin mataki-mataki-mataki
Dasa bishiyar itacen apple Wellsie ba shi da sifofi idan aka kwatanta da dasa kowane itacen apple mai matsakaici. Ya kamata a aiwatar da shi a cikin wani wuri mai kariya daga iska mai sanyi, amma tana da kyau, inda ruwa mai narkewa ba ya tsayawa, kuma ruwan karkashin kasa baya matsowa sama da mita 2 zuwa saman. Zaku iya dasa bishiyar apple a kan marar gangara mai tsayi. Lokacin dasa shuki da yawa bishiyoyi a tsakani tsayayya da nisa na 4-5 m.
Soasa mafi kyau suna tsaka tsaki ne ko ɗan ƙaramin acidic, matsakaici a cikin abun da ke ciki. Mafi kyau duka - chernozem ko gina jiki yashi loam, ko da mafi kyawun - m loam. Dole ne a gyara kusoshin kafin gabatarwar manyan yashi, peat, humus. A cikin yankuna masu matsala, ana buƙatar ba kawai don haƙa rami rami ba, har ma don tsaftace ƙasa a nesa da nisan mil biyu a duk hanyoyin daga gare ta. Kuna iya dasa Welsey duka biyu a cikin bazara da kaka, idan kawai seedling yayi kyau, tare da tsarin tushen iko mai girma, manyan buds, amma ba tare da ganye ba.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kaka, ya fi dacewa a sayi seedling na nau'ikan da ake buƙata, masu siyarwa a lokacin hunturu sau da yawa, koda ba takamaiman ba, haɗe duk abin da ba a sayar a faɗo ba, kuma yawanci ba isasshen lokacin shuka dasawa.
Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a hankali shirya ramin rami a lokacin bazara, kuma wani wuri a watan Oktoba, bayan yawancin ganyayyaki sun faɗi, sayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu kuma dasa shi daidai da duk ƙa'idodi. An kusanci cigaban aikin aiki ga kowane mai lambu.
- Muna tono rami mai saukowa, yana da kyau muyi wannan riga a ƙarshen bazara. Mafi ƙarancin girma shine 60 x 60 x 60 cm, amma mafi girma shine mafi kyau, musamman game da ƙasa mai nauyi. Layerarshen maɓallin, mara amfani, zubar, babba yana ajiyayyu.
Abin da ke ƙasa ƙasa mai daɗi za a iya kwashe shi nan da nan daga cikin lambun
- Game da ƙasa mai nauyi, zamu sa wani yanki mai nauyin 10 cm na magudanar ruwa (tsakuwa, baƙau, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, yashi mai laushi).
Tsarin dutse na murƙushe ya zama dole don hana tara ruwa mai yawa a tushen
- An cire topsoil an haɗe shi da takin mai magani: guga biyu na humus, 100 g na superphosphate, lita na itace ash. Zuba wannan cakuda a cikin rami.
Soilasa tare da takin zamani an gauraye sosai.
- 'Ya'yan itacen da aka samu a watan Oktoba ana saukad da su aƙalla tsawon kwana ɗaya a cikin ruwa (aƙalla tushen sa). Bayan haka, tsoma tushen a cikin magana da aka yi daga yumbu da mullein (3: 1) kuma a tsarma da ruwa zuwa daidaitar ruwan kirim mai tsami. Da kyau, ko aƙalla kamar mai ba da lãka.
Daga rufe Tushen tare da yumɓu na yumɓu, an inganta rayuwar rayuwa na seedling
- Muna fitar da ƙasa mai yawa daga ramin wanda Tushen seedling ya dace da yardar kaina. Muna tuƙa cikin gungumen mita mai ƙarfi (mit ɗin yana saman saman!), Mun sanya seedling a cikin rami, daidaita madaidaiciyar tushen kuma cika shi da ƙasa da aka cire, girgiza shi har ƙasa ta mamaye tushen ba tare da voids ba.
Tushen kada ya kasance mai rauni: ya kamata su kasance cikin yanayi na dabi'a
- Bayan mun cika ƙasa, mun tattake ƙasa da hannunka sannan kuma tare da ƙafarku, muna tabbatar da cewa tushen wuyansa ya zauna sama da cm 4-6 sama da ƙasa. Babu buƙatar jin tsoro: bayan shayarwa da tsayawa ramin, zai ragu kamar yadda ake buƙata.
A tsawon lokaci, tushen wuyansa, wanda aka bari kawai a ƙasa, zai faɗi zuwa tsayin da ake so
- Mun ɗaure seedling a kan gungume ta amfani da hanyar "takwas".
G8 yana riƙe rijiyoyin riba kuma baya cutar dashi
- Muna yin abin hawa a kusa da gefen ramin shuki don kada ruwa mai ban ruwa ya gudana, kuma mu zuba bokiti 2-3 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin seedling: ɓangarorin ƙarshe ba za a ɗauka nan da nan ba. Cika da'irar kusa-dawaya tare da humus, hay ko wani kayan bushe.
Wanda zai iya ba da izinin ruwan sama kada ya yada, yana mai ba da ruwan sha na
Idan bayan ruwa ya juya cewa ƙasa ta yi mummunan rauni, kuna buƙatar ƙara ƙarin ƙari. Lokacin dasa shuki na shekara-shekara, tushe ba zai iya zama a gajarta ba, amma idan ya yi tsayi sosai, yawanci suna yanke 20-30 cm. A cikin shekaru biyu, rassan gefen suna gajarta ta uku. Idan sassan suka wuce 1 cm a diamita, yana da kyau a rufe su da lamb var. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna masu sanyi yana da kyau har ma da canja wurin wannan pruning zuwa bazara.
Game da batun dasa shuki na kaka kusa da hunturu, ya kamata a kiyaye kara daga mice da bera ta hanyar ɗaure shi da rassan bishiyar bishiyar Kirsimeti ko bishiya. Tare da fara murfin dusar ƙanƙara, yana da daraja a jefa ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin da'irar akwati.
Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa
Rashin daidaituwa tare da narkar da itacen apple Wellsie zai iya tashi ne kawai a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi; a gabaɗaya, kula da wannan iri-iri bashi da kayan aikin asali. Ya hada da shayarwa, kayan miya, spraying, pruning. A farkon shekarun, loosening na kusa-da'irar kara tare da cire ciyawar ma ya zama dole; daga baya, Welsey shima ana iya girma a karkashin sod.
Wannan itacen apple yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, wanda yake da alaƙa da yanayin 'ya'yan itace: ana kwatanta shi da yawan amfanin ƙasa na apples m. Itace musamman tana bukatar danshi lokacin fure da ciwar 'ya'yan itatuwa. Game da yanayin bushewa, ana shayar da kananan bishiyoyi kowane mako, manya - sau biyu a wata. Babu shakka wajibi ne yawan ruwa hunturu, jim kadan kafin ƙarshen lokacin bazara.
Ko da tsofaffin bishiyoyi ba za a hana ta mai karko a gefuna don sauƙaƙe shayarwa ba
Ciyar da Welsey kamar yadda sauran nau'ikan itacen apple suke. Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara ana ciyar da su da takin gargajiya ta hanyar tono buari biyu na buhunan humus cikin ƙananan ramuka a gefen kewayen akwatin. Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai sau uku a shekara: a cikin bazara, urea ko nitrate (tablespoon of 1 m2 kusa-da'irar da'irar), nan da nan bayan fure, azofosku (sau biyu), a cikin fall - superphosphate da itace ash.
Aikace-aikacen bazara na urea ta hanyar ƙasa mai narkewa yana yiwuwa ba tare da saka cikin ƙasa ba, a wasu halaye, ana amfani da suturar saman a cikin nau'in ruwa, yada takin mai magani tare da yawan ruwa da ake buƙata. A cikin kaka, Hakanan zaka iya shirya maganin gina jiki daga cakuda mullein da ash, nace musu cikin ruwa na akalla sati guda.
Ana iya yin hujin tsabtace tsabtace kusan a kowane lokaci na shekara, musamman idan ana batun cire mutu ko rawanin cututtukan. Yana da wanda ba a ke so yin wannan kawai lokacin fure da farkon saitin 'ya'yan itace. Ana yin mummunar, ana gyaran kwalliya a farkon bazara (ƙarshen Maris) kuma, a wata hanya mai ladabi, kai tsaye bayan faɗuwar ganye. A kowane hali, kada mutum ya yi watsi da amfani da varnish na lambu don rufe sassan.
Tsarin kwalliyar kwalliya ba ta cika zub da itacen tare da amfanin gona ba kuma ta samar da dukkan yanayi don ingantaccen haske daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen a kambi. Sabili da haka, ragewa na farko daga cikin rassan karamin seedling yana da mahimmanci. Bayan haka, duka biyu gajerun rassan tsayi da yawa ana aiwatar dasu, haka nan kuma cire "a kan zobe" na duk abin da ya girma a cikin hanyar da ba a so. Yawancin lambu suna cire mai jagoran tsakiyar lokacin da itacen apple ya kai tsayin mita 3.5.
Duk abin da tsarin ya keɓewa, ya kamata ya sauƙaƙa kambi gwargwadon iko
Baya ga pruning, rassan kwarangwal na Welsey, suna girma a kusurwoyi masu kaifi sosai, yi ƙoƙarin lanƙwasa ƙasa kaɗan tare da taimakon sararin samaniya ko igiyoyi, yana ba su ƙarin matsayi a kwance. A wannan yanayin, ana bin burin biyu: hanzarta samar da fruiting da ƙarfafa kwarangwal na itacen apple.
Bai kamata a rasa lokacin girbi ba: apples's cikakke sun iya zama faduwa. Dole ne mu shirya nan da nan don gaskiyar cewa ko da tare da cire 'ya'yan itatuwa daga hankali za a sami asara, kuma ba a adana ɓoyayyen apples. Wannan ba mai ban tsoro ba ne: fiye da kilogiram 200 na 'ya'yan itatuwa ana girbe su daga itacen apple mai girma na wannan nau'ikan, isa ga ajiya da kuma shirya wasu fruitan itacen da keɓaɓɓiyar ganye da kuma adana su. Idan shekara ta zama mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace, ya kamata mu sa ran wasu raguwa a cikin adadin apples a kakar mai zuwa.
Cututtuka da kwari: manyan nau'ikan da hanyoyin magance matsalar
Welsey gaba daya yana da tsayayyen cutar apple mai haɗari - scab, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da asarar mahimman ɓangaren ƙwayar tuffa ta wasu nau'ikan. Sabili da haka, bai kamata mutum ya ji tsoron girbin Welsey ba a cikin ruwan sama. Powdery mildew ba shi da kyau sosai a gare shi ko dai. Sauran cututtukan suna shafar wannan nau'in na matsakaici kai tsaye; su, kamar kwari, iri ɗaya ne da sauran itacen apple.
- Powdery mildew yana bayyana kamar farin pubescence na ganye. Bayan haka, sai ya juya launin ruwan kasa, ganye ya bushe, kuma naman gwari yana motsawa zuwa 'ya'yan itacen. Jiyya yana da sauki, magunguna na Topaz ko Strobi suna da tasiri.
An yi sa'a, mildew powdery da wuya ya ci Welsey.
- 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace, ko moniliosis, cuta ce da babu itacen apple da zai iya yinsa ba: kowa ya ga 'ya'yan itacen da sun riga sun lalace akan itacen. A cikin Welsey, gwargwadon yawan 'ya'yan itacen da abin ya shafa yawanci ƙanƙanta ne. Saboda haka, ana amfani da aiki ne kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi; amfani da kwayoyi Skor ko Fundazol.
Kuna iya samar da 'ya'yan itace dayan dozin akan bishiya, amma tare da yaduwar cutar, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wani abu
- Cytosporosis cuta ne na fungal wanda wuraren da abin ya shafa na cortex ya bushe ya zama an rufe shi da ƙananan bututun ƙarfe. Cutar na tasowa cikin hanzari, tana shafar kowane ɓangaren itacen. Game da mummunan rauni, magani ba zai yiwu ba; a farkon matakan, an yanke wuraren da cutar ta lalace tare da wadanda ke makwabta. An lalata sassan da maganin maganin sulfate.
Cytosporosis shine ɗayan cututtuka masu haɗari
Daga cikin kwari, mafi haɗari sune asu asu, cod aphid da ƙwayar fure.
- Fure irin ƙwaro - karamin duhu kwaro tare da proboscis, gnaws buds cewa yi duhu da bushe fita. Da wuya su iya yaƙar ta da sinadarai (alal misali, Aktara), hanyar injiniyanci tana da aminci. Da sanyin safiya, a cikin sanyi, kwari masu wuya suna birgima akan zuriyar dabbobi kuma suka lalace.
Wannan giwa cute na iya hana mana girbin.
- Apple kore aphids suna da haɗari sosai a cikin cewa suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga harbe matasa, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsu, kuma tana haifarwa duk lokacin bazara. Wasu lokuta aphids kuma suna haifar da mutuwar itacen gaba daya. An yi sa'a, magungunan jama'a da yawa suna da tasiri a kansa, kamar, alal misali, jiko na taba ko kayan tsutsa.
Aphids kullun suna tare da tururuwa, saboda haka ya zama dole a yi yaƙi tare da su
- Than itace karamin ɗan malam buɗe ido wanda lardinsa sanannu ne ga duk. Waɗannan sune “tsutsotsi” waɗanda suke cin apples maimakon mu. Kuna iya lalata asu kawai kawai ta hanyar fesar bishiyoyin apple tare da sinadarai (me yasa muke buƙatar wannan?). Amma yin amfani da belts na farauta da tarin lodin lokaci yana kiyaye asarar amfanin gona zuwa ƙaranci.
Tabbas, zaku iya raba 'yan apples tare da asu, wannan ya fi cin chlorophos, amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar yaƙar ta
Sake Gani
Ina bayar da shawarar Welsey. Wannan itace tuffa ta sami nasarar tsira daga hunturu na 1978, tana zuwa cikin 'ya' yantar har tsawon shekaru 3-4, tuffa suna da kamshi kuma suna da kyan gani. Iyakar abin da aka ja da baya: rassa suna karye sosai a karkashin nauyin apples.
Famusov
//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=10388&start=300
Na nau'ikan apple, Ina ƙaunar Welsey sosai. Yana ba da amfanin gona a kowace shekara, lokacin da aka tsince shi, apples ba su da dadi sosai (ɗanɗano ya daɗaɗa - tartly-vigorous), amma bayan kwance don makonni da yawa, sun zama ƙamshin mai daɗin ƙanshi da m.
"Toad"
//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1160
Ina da kyawawan launuka masu launi a Wellsie, Na kuma kasance mai zane, Red Wellsie, tana da launi mai ƙarfi, wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa kusan ja ne gaba ɗaya.
Dim1
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2524&start=75
Wellsie ya yi shekaru 35 yana girma a cikin lambunmu, kuma yana bada 'ya'ya sosai. A apples suna da dadi! Lokacin da cikakke cikakke, naman yana cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace har ya zama translucent, gaske girma. Ba su da kyau.Kullum muna kwance a watan Fabrairu, to ban sani ba, saboda danginmu da duk dangi suna cinye su sosai. Ina bayar da shawarar shi!
Shlykova Elena
//www.asienda.ru/answers/chto-eto-za-sort-yablok-uelsi/
Wellsie da gaske yana son tsohon nau'in, kaka ta sayi wani lambun da aka watsar da shi a cikin shekarun 70s, itace tuffa ta wannan nau'in tsiro, wanda na ci shi ... Abin ƙanshi mai daɗi, mai daɗi ...
Fomenko
//www.asienda.ru/answers/chto-eto-za-sort-yablok-uelsi/
Itace Apple's Wellsie wani irin nau'in hunturu ne wanda yayishi shekaru sama da 150 da haihuwa. Kuma, duk da irin wannan shekaru mai daraja, har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin apple da aka fi nema a cikin lambunan masana'antu da mazauna bazara. A iri-iri ne mai sauqi ka kula da kuma a shekara kawo babban girbi na kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka adana su tsawon lokaci.
