Matsakaicin eka shida, wanda a cikin kwanannan da suka gabata ya zama yanki na kewayen birni don mafi yawan lambu a cikin ƙasar, yana da wuya a cika tare da tsire-tsire iri daban-daban don kada ku ƙyamar tunaninku. Littlearancin sarari. Ganin cewa wasu gine-gine za su kasance a wurin, ya zama abin baƙin ciki. Ya juya cewa wata hanyar daga halin da ake ciki na iya zama grafting 'ya'yan itace itatuwa. Da yake haɓaka wani gwanaye don aiwatar da wannan aikin mai sauƙin, zaku iya yi wa lambun ku ado da apples ko pears, a jikin rassan wanda fruitsa ofan nau'ikan nau'ikan zasu yi girma. Zamu gabatar muku da ingantattun hanyoyin shuka bishiyoyi.
Gabatarwa ga Ma’anar Ma’ana
Da farko, ya kamata ku san kanku da ainihin abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su yayin da muke magana game da fasahar rigakafin:
- Kasuwa. Wannan sunan shuka ne wanda zamu dasa sabbin abubuwa iri-iri. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana yin allurar rigakafin a ƙasan shuka. Zai iya zama gangar jikin (shtamb) ko tushe.
- Firimiya. Wannan shine sashin tsire-tsire iri-iri wanda za'a liƙa shi akan jari. Scion za ta samar da sashin farko na shuka, wanda ke da alhakin halaye na ɗabi'unta.
Ya kamata jari da scion su dace tare. In ba haka ba, zane ba zai yiwu ba. Yawancin lokaci tara tsire-tsire waɗanda ke cikin dangantakar Botanical. Ba za ku iya dasa pear a birch ba. Koren gandun daji ko Quince ya dace da ita, idan an shirya ƙirƙirar nau'in dwarf. Koyaya, pears, akan wasu rassa wanda apples suke girma, suna da yawa.
Wannan jituwa mai shuka yana taimaka muku da sauri ku tantance wanne ne za'a iya sanya grastocks ɗin ta amfani da tsire-tsire na scion.
Technology na alurar riga kafi na shuke-shuke 'ya'yan itace
Don yin rigakafi, yana da muhimmanci a zaɓi lokacin da ya dace. Movementaukar motsi na ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin shuka yana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar tushe cikin scion da sauri, don haka bazara ko lokacin rani shine mafi kyawun lokacin don irin wannan aikin.
Hanyoyi masu zuwa na bishiyoyi na grafting ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin aikin gona:
- budurwa ta hanyar koda (ido);
- amfani da makama.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, duka lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara an zaɓi don ɗaukar nauyin budding, kuma har yanzu ana ɗaukar bazara mafi kyau don aiki tare da cuttings.
Zabin 1 - budar ido
Lokacin da budding, da scion ne toho na wani varietal shuka. Daga wane matakin farkawa yake, mafi kyau duka lokacin aiwatar da budurcin ya dogara.
Sakamakon bud'ewa tare da koda (ido) a bayyane yake a wannan hoton: a cikin bazara wannan koda zaiyi aiki, kuma sabon reshe zai kasance da dukkan alamu na grafted iri
Don koda mai farkawa, mafi kyawun lokacin ana ɗauka shine farkon yanayin kwarara - bazara. Har ila yau, an ƙayyade buƙatu mai tsauri akan hannun jari: tsire-tsire dole ne ya sami kwasfa na roba da taushi. Lokacin amfani da koda na bacci, ana daukar rabin lokacin bazara a matsayin mafi kyawun lokacin aiki.
Shiri na jari don alurar riga kafi
A kusa da tushen shuka, ya zama dole don sassauta ƙasa sosai tsawon sati biyu da 'yantar da ita daga ciyawa. Ruwa itacen idan ya cancanta. Ba kwa buƙatar yin allurar rigakafi a ƙarshen kwandon na shuka, saboda koda na iya bushewa ƙarƙashin rinjayar rana, kuma kafin lokacin yana da lokaci don ɗauka.
Tsarin aiki
Muna cire koda daga hannun. Don wannan aikin muna buƙatar wuka mai kaifi. Kayan aiki marasa kyau mai kyau na iya lalata kayan grafting kuma sanya shi gaba ɗaya mara amfani. Tare tare da koda, mun yanke garkuwa - karamin yanki na baƙar fata. Muna ƙoƙarin kama itace kamar yadda yakamata. Idan aikin yana gudana a lokacin bazara, ana yin rago a saman koda kuma a ƙarƙashinsa a 1.5-2 cm, bayan haka an yanke shi daga hagu zuwa dama. Idan ya faru a cikin bazara, yana da ma'ana don sa ƙananan yatsan tsaye 1-1.5 cm.
Babu wani abin da ya fi ƙarfin mutum a cikin aikin wannan aikin; tsawon lokaci, da samun gwanintar, zaku yi shi kusan ta atomatik
Mun shirya kaya, wanda muke yankan haushi a kai kuma ya ɗan raba shi. A cikin bazara yana da sauƙin yi. Matsayi yakamata ya kasance a cikin harafin "T". Muna lanƙwasa sasanninta kuma samun aljihu, wanda a cikin girman ya kamata ya zo daidai da almakashi. Idan garkuwar tana da girma, za mu yanke shi. An saka kodan cikin aljihun da aka haifar tare da ainihin motsi daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Muna yin wannan a hankali, muna riƙe tsoro don girmamawa mai girma ta mai gani. Mun gyara matsayin ƙwancin koda daga fim.
Idan budurwar 'ya'yan itace bishiyoyi da aka za'ayi a cikin bazara, to, bayan kwanaki 15 da toho ya kamata germinate. Wannan gaskiyar tana nuna kyakkyawan sakamako na aikin da aka yi. Cire kayan doki, a hankali a yanka shi a gefe. Game da batun hurawar bazara, to lallai budo ya jira har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
Zabin 2 - grafting tare da dasa
Ana amfani da grafting by cuttings na 'ya'yan itace itatuwa a lokuta inda:
- budding bai bada sakamakon da ake so ba;
- itaciyar ta lalace, amma kuna niyyar ceta;
- kuna buƙatar maye gurbin iri ɗaya na shuka da wani;
- kambi na itacen yana da haɓaka daga gefe ɗaya kuma don ɗayan ɓangarorin ana buƙatar sabon rassa.
Lokacin amfani da ganyen, ana kuma gudanar da aikin ta hanyoyi daban-daban: a cikin sharewar, copulation, a cikin rabin kashi, a bayan haushi, a cikin rabe a kai, da sauransu ...
Sauki da ingantaccen kwafa
Don grafting bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace ta wannan hanyar, ana zaba rassan bishiyoyi da rassa ɗaya kauri ɗaya. Tare da sassauƙa mai sauƙi a kan reshen rootstock kuma a kan riƙo, muna yin ɓangaren oblique tare da tsawonsa game da cm 3. Muna superimpose ɓangaren abin riƙewa a kan rukunin tushen kuma gyara wurin haɗinsu tare da fim ko tef. Man shafawa na sama na yanke tare da lambun var. An gudanar da wannan aikin a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma zai yuwu a yi magana game da sakamakon a cikin watanni 2-2.5, lokacin da tushen zai hade da kamshin.
Alkalumma a fili sun nuna yadda rarrabewar sauƙi ke bambanta da haɓakawa: a yanayi na biyu, babban yankin hulɗa zai ba da damar tsire-tsire su kara himma
Don haɓakar ɗabi'ar ƙirƙirar ƙarin shimfiɗa don tsirar shuka. A lokaci guda, yankewa akan tsire-tsire guda biyu ba'a sanya mai santsi ba, amma a cikin hanyar walƙiya. Wannan zigzag ya zama nau'i na kulle yayin da aka haɗa shi, wanda ke samar da mafi kyawun docking.
Tsarin aiki makirci ne, amma daukar hoto koyaushe yana wadatar da cikakkun bayanai game da aikin da akayi. Da kyau, tabbatar babu wani abu game da ita
Yin amfani da yanke gefe
An yanke wani abu mai zurfi a kan kusurwar tushen abin da yake kusa da ita har kusan 3 cm ya kasance a gefe ɗaya Mun yanke tsawon 4-5 cm .. An yi yanka a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren don abin da za a sami nau'in dihedral. Mun sanya weji cikin tsintsiya a hannun jari. Yankin da ke falon ya kamata ya zo daidai da saman farfajiyar reshe. Yi cikakken tsawan matsayin abin riƙewa.
Lokacin da alurar riga kafi a cikin abin da ya haifar a cikin gefen, da scion shiga cikin dabbobi a matsayin wani nau'i na weji, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa saman haushi ya haɗu da haushi da reshe; A wannan matsayin, suna buƙatar gyarawa
Lokacin da hannun jari yafi lokacin farin ciki
Tare da tushen farin ciki, ana amfani da alurar riga kafi don haushi. A kasan dunƙule ya yi yankan a wani kusurwa na digiri 30. An yanyan kunniyar cikin kwandon shara, bayan haka an saka itace a cikin aljihun da aka kirkira. Koyaya, ba za a iya yanke haushi ba. A saboda wannan, an ɗaura hannun jari a hankali don kada haushi ya tsage yayin aikin. Bayan haka, a hankali a keɓe haushi daga gangar jikin. Don yin wannan, yana da kyau a yi amfani da wuka na kwafi, wanda ke da ƙashi na musamman don wannan dalili. Mun sanya kayan a cikin aljihu, gyara maganin tare da fim, kuma man shafa wurin sa tare da lambun var.
Lokacin da aka yi musu rigakafi a kan haushi, za a iya ɗaukar farfaɗo da ƙasa, ko a hankali zaku iya jan shi, da yake yana ƙarfafa shi sosai don kada ya tsage.
Airƙiri sabon iri-iri
A saboda wannan dalili, sake-girke tsoffin bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace da aka samar cikin tsaguwa ya fi dacewa. Mun bar kusan 10-30 cm daga wurin da aka dasa tushen - Mun yanke duk rassan kwarangwal daga gare ta. A cikin kututture, muna yin tsinkaye mai tsayi tare da zurfin kusan cm 5. Idan reshe ya yi kauri, to ko za a iya sanya peran biyu biyu a ciki. Don reshe na bakin ciki, raba-rabi (ba a wucewa ba) ya dace. An yanke yankan don "kafaɗa" (madaidaiciyar leda) an yi su, wanda zasu huta a saman hemp. Clays an cika su a cikin ɗayan biyun, kuma saman katako da hemp suna shafawa tare da lambun var. An shirya wurin yin rigakafi.
Alurar riga kafi a cikin ɓarna shine mafi yawanci ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in shuka, idan tsohon bai dace da ma'abacin gonar da wani abu ba.
Wannan jerin zabin bai cika ba. Tare da haɓaka aikin lambun, zamu koya game da sauran hanyoyin.
